10-Formyltetrahydrofolate

10-Formyltetrahydrofolate (10-CHO-THF) is a form of tetrahydrofolate that acts as a donor of formyl groups in anabolism. In these reactions 10-CHO-THF is used as a substrate in formyltransferase reactions.

10-Formyltetrahydrofolate
Skeletal formula of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate
Space-filling model of the 10-formyltetrahydrofolate molecule
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
(2S)-2-[4-(N-{[(6Ξ)-2-Amino-4-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydropteridin-6-yl]methyl}formamido)benzamido]pentanedioic acid
Other names
  • 10-CHO-THF
  • 10-FormylH4folate
  • N10-Formyltetrahydrofolate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
KEGG
MeSH 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate
  • InChI=1S/C20H23N7O7/c21-20-25-16-15(18(32)26-20)23-11(7-22-16)8-27(9-28)12-3-1-10(2-4-12)17(31)24-13(19(33)34)5-6-14(29)30/h1-4,9,11,13,23H,5-8H2,(H,24,31)(H,29,30)(H,33,34)(H4,21,22,25,26,32)/t11?,13-/m0/s1 checkY
    Key: AUFGTPPARQZWDO-YUZLPWPTSA-N checkY
  • c1cc(ccc1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N(CC2CNc3c(c(=O)nc([nH]3)N)N2)C=O
Properties
C20H23N7O7
Molar mass 473.44 g/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references

Note of clarification on where the aldehyde (formyl) group is: in the middle portion of the compound you will see a nitrogen attached to the phenyl aromatic ring, and attached to that nitrogen you will see the carbon portion of interest (looks like a carbonyl C=O), and note that hydrogens are sometimes not shown in order to conserve space but should be implied. In this case, the hydrogen is not shown explicitly here but just note that the hydrogen can be drawn for clarification that it is an aldehyde present there (formyl group specifically, CHO, one carbon aldehyde).

Functions

Two equivalents of 10-CHO-THF are required in purine biosynthesis through the pentose phosphate pathway, where 10-CHO-THF is a substrate for phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase.

10-CHO-THF is required for the formylation of methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase to give fMet-tRNA.[1]

Formation from methenyltetrahydrofolate

10-CHO-THF is produced from methylenetetrahydrofolate (CH2H4F) via a two step process. The first step generates 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate:[2]

CH2H4F + NAD+ CH2H2F + NADH + H+

In the second step 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate undergoes hydrolysis:

CH2H2F + H2O CHO-H4F +

The latter is equivalently written:

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + H2O 10-formyltetrahydrofolate

10-CHO-THF is also produced by the reaction

ATP + formate + tetrahydrofolate ADP + phosphate + 10-formyltetrahydrofolate

This reaction is catalyzed by formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase.

It can be converted back into tetrahydrofolate (THF) by formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase or THF and formate by formyltetrahydrofolate deformylase.

References
  1. Voet, Donald (2016). Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecular Level (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 1006–1007. ISBN 978-1-118-91840-1.
  2. Peter D. Pawelek; Robert E. MacKenzie (1998). "Methenyltetrahydrofolate Cyclohydrolase Is Rate Limiting for the Enzymatic Conversion of 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate to 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate in Bifunctional Dehydrogenase-Cyclohydrolase Enzymes". Biochemistry. 37 (4): 1109–1115. doi:10.1021/bi971906t. PMID 9454603.
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