List of WLAN channels

Wireless LAN (WLAN) channels are frequently accessed using IEEE 802.11 protocols, and equipment that does so is sold mostly under the trademark Wi-Fi. Other equipment also accesses the same channels, such as Bluetooth. The radio frequency (RF) spectrum is vital for wireless communications infrastructure.

The 802.11 standard provides several distinct radio frequency bands for use in Wi-Fi communications: 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5 GHz, 5.9 GHz, 6 GHz and 60 GHz. Each range is divided into a multitude of channels. In the standards, channels are numbered at 5 MHz spacing within a band (except in the 60 GHz band, where they are 2.16 GHz apart), and the number linearly relates to the centre frequency of the channel. Although channels are numbered at 5 MHz spacing, transmitters generally occupy at least 20 MHz, and standards allow for channels to be bonded together to form wider channels for faster throughput.

Countries apply their own regulations to the allowable channels, allowed users and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges. The ISM band ranges are also often used.

Pk net 80 MHz (802.11ah)

802.11ah operates in sub-gigahertz unlicensed bands. Each world region supports different sub-bands, and the channels number depends on the starting frequency of the sub-band it belongs to. Thus, there is no global channels numbering plan, and the channels numbers are incompatible between world regions (and even between sub-bands of a same world region).

The following sub-bands are defined in the 802.11ah specifications:

Region Subband
(MHz)		 Bandwidths
(MHz)
Australia 915–920 1, 2, 4
920–928 1, 2, 4, 8
China 755–779 1
779–787 1, 2, 4, 8
Europe 863–868 1, 2
Japan 916.5–927.5 1
Korea 917.5–923.5 1, 2, 4
New
Zealand		 915–924 1, 2, 4, 8
924–928 1, 2, 4
Singapore 866–869 1, 2
920–925 1, 2, 4
Taiwan 839–848.5 1, 2, 4
United
States[1]		 902–904 1, 2
904–920 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
920–928 1, 2, 4, 8

2.4 GHz (802.11b/g/n/ax)
See also: Electromagnetic interference at 2.4 GHz § Wi-Fi

Fourteen channels are designated in the 2.4 GHz range, spaced 5 MHz apart from each other except for a 12 MHz space before channel 14.[2]

Channel F0 (MHz) Frequency
range
(MHz, DSSS)		 Most of
world
[3][4][5][6]
[7][8][9][10] 		North
America[3]
Japan
[3]
0124122401–2423YesYesYes
0224172406–2428YesYesYes
0324222411–2433YesYesYes
0424272416–2438YesYesYes
0524322421–2443YesYesYes
0624372426–2448YesYesYes
0724422431–2453YesYesYes
0824472436–2458YesYesYes
0924522441–2463YesYesYes
1024572446–2468YesYesYes
1124622451–2473YesYesYes
1224672456–2478YesavoidedBYes
1324722461–2483YesavoidedBYes
1424842473–2495NoNo11b onlyC

Nations apply their own RF emission regulations to the allowable channels, allowed users and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges. Network operators should consult their local authorities as these regulations may be out of date as they are subject to change at any time. Most of the world will allow the first thirteen channels in the spectrum.

Interference happens when two networks try to operate in the same band, or when their bands overlap. The two modulation methods used have different characteristics of band usage and therefore occupy different widths:

  • The DSSS method used by legacy 802.11 and 802.11b (and the 11b-compatible rates of 11g) use 22 MHz of bandwidth. This is from the 11 MHz chip rate used by the coding system. No guard band is prescribed;[11] the channel definition provides 3 MHz between 1, 6, and 11.
  • The OFDM method used by 802.11a/b/g/n occupies a bandwidth of 16.25 MHz. The nameplate bandwidth is set to be 20 MHz, rounding up to a multiple of channel width and providing some guard band for signal to attenuation along the edge of the band.[12] This guardband is mainly used to accommodate older routers with modem chipsets prone to full channel occupancy, as most modern Wi‑Fi modems are not prone to excessive channel occupancy.
Graphical representation of Wireless LAN channels in 2.4 GHz band. Channels 12 and 13 are customarily unused in the United States. As a result, the usual 20 MHz allocation becomes 1/6/11, the same as 11b.

While overlapping frequencies can be configured at a location and will usually work, it can cause interference resulting in slowdowns, sometimes severe, particularly in heavy use. Certain subsets of frequencies can be used simultaneously at any one location without interference (see diagrams for typical allocations). The consideration of spacing stems from both the basic bandwidth occupation (described above), which depends on the protocol, and from attenuation of interfering signals over distance. In the worst case, using every fourth or fifth channel by leaving three or four channels clear between used channels causes minimal interference, and narrower spacing still can be used at further distances.[13][14] (The "interference" is usually not actual bit-errors, but the wireless transmitters making space for each other. The requirement of the standard is for a transmitter to yield when it detects another at a level of 3 dB above the noise floor,[15] and when the level is higher than a threshold Pth which, for non Wi-Fi 6 systems, is between -76 and -80 dBm.[14] Interference resulting in bit-error is rare.[14])

As shown in the diagram, bonding two 20 MHz channels to form a 40 MHz channel is permitted in the 2.4 GHz bands. These are generally referred to by the centres of the primary 20 MHz channel and the adjacent secondary 20 MHz channel (e.g. 1+5, 9+13, 13–9, 5–1). The primary 20 MHz channel is used for signalling and backwards compatibility, the secondary is only used when sending data at full speed.

3.65 GHz (802.11y)

Except where noted, all information taken from Annex J of IEEE 802.11y-2008

This range is documented as only being allowed as a licensed band in the United States. However, not in the original specification, under newer frequency allocations from the FCC, it falls under the 3.55–3.7Ghz Citizens Broadband Radio Service band. This allows for unlicensed use, under Tier 3 GAA rules, provided that the user doesn't cause harmful interference to Incumbent Access users or Priority Access Licensees and accepts all interference from these users,[16] and also follows of all the technical requirements in CFR 47 Part 96 Subpart E

A 40 MHz band is available from 3655 to 3695 MHz. It may be divided into eight 5 MHz channels, four 10 MHz channels, or two 20 MHz channels, as follows:

Channel Center
frequency
(MHz)		 Span
5 MHz10 MHz20 MHz
131 3657.5 3655–3660
3660 3655–3665
132 3662.5 3660–3665
3665 3655–3675
133 3667.5 3665–3670
3670 3665–3675
134 3672.5 3670–3675
135 3677.5 3675–3680
3680 3675–3685
136 3682.5 3680–3685
3685 3675–3695
137 3687.5 3685–3690
3690 3685–3695
138 3692.5 3690–3695

4.9–5.0 GHz (802.11j) WLAN

In Japan starting in 2002, 100 MHz of spectrum from 4900 to 5000 MHz can be used for both indoor and outdoor connection once registered. Originally, another spectrum of 5030–5091 MHz was also available for use, however, it has been re-purposed and cannot be used after 2017.[17]

50 MHz of spectrum from 4940 to 4990 MHz (WLAN channels 20–26) are in use by public safety entities in the United States. Within this spectrum there are two non-overlapping channels allocated, each 20 MHz wide. The most commonly used channels are 22 and 26.

5 GHz (802.11a/h/j/n/ac/ax)

Channel Center
frequency
(MHz)		 Frequency
range
(MHz)		 10
MHz		 20
MHz		 40
MHz		 80
MHz		 160
MHz		 United
States
FCC
U-NII band(s)		 Australia
[8]		 United
States
[18]		 Canada
[19][20]		 United
Kingdom
[21]		 Europe
[22][23][24][25][26][27]		 Russia
[28]		 Japan
[29][30][31]		 India
[32][33][34]		 Singa-
pore
[35][36]		 China
[37][38]		 Israel
[7]		 Korea
[39][40]		 Turkey
[41]		 South Africa
[42]		 Brazil
[4][43]		 Taiwan
[44]		 New
Zealand
[45]		 Bahrain
[46]		 Vietnam
[47]		 Indonesia[48]
7 5035 5030–5040 10 No No No — No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
8 5040 5030–5050 20
9 5045 5040–5050 10
11 5055 5050–5060 10
12 5060 5050–5070 20
16 5080 5070–5090 20
5090-5150 — Un­known
32 5160 5150–5170 20 No No U-NII-1 Indoors Yes Indoors Indoors/TPC or [note 1] [note 2] Indoors/TPC or [note 1] [note 2] Indoors/TPC [note 3] Indoors Yes Yes Indoors Indoors Indoors Indoors Un­known Indoors/TPC Yes Indoors Indoors Indoors Indoors
34 5170 5150–5190 40 Indoors/DFS/
TPC
36 5180 5170–5190 20
38 5190 5170–5210 40
40 5200 5190–5210 20
42 5210 5170–5250 80 No
44 5220 5210–5230 20 Indoors/DFS/
TPC
46 5230 5210–5250 40 Indoors and [note 4]
48 5240 5230–5250 20
50 5250 5170–5330 160 U-NII-1 and U-NII-2A Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5]		 DFS/TPC or [note 6] DFS/TPC or [note 6] Indoors/DFS
/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]		 Indoors/DFS
/TPC or [note 1] [note 2]		 Indoors/DFS/
TPC		 DFS/TPC or [note 7] DFS/TPC or [note 5] DFS/TPC Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5]		 Indoors/DFS/
TPC		 Indoors/DFS/
TPC		 No Indoors/DFS/
TPC		 DFS DFS/TPC or [note 5] Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 5]		 DFS/TPC or [note 5] No
52 5260 5250–5270 20 U-NII-2A Indoors DFS/TPC Indoors/DFS/
TPC		 Indoors
54 5270 5250–5290 40
56 5280 5270–5290 20
58 5290 5250–5330 80 No
60 5300 5290–5310 20 Indoors/DFS/
TPC
62 5310 5290–5330 40
64 5320 5310–5330 20
68 5340 5330–5350 20 No No No Indoors/DFS/
TPC		 Un­known
5350-5470 — U-NII-2B Un­known
96 5480 5470–5490 20 No No No U-NII-2C DFS/TPC or [note 6] DFS/TPC or [note 6] DFS/TPC or [note 6] Indoors/DFS
/TPC or [note 8] [note 9]		 DFS/TPC or [note 8] [note 9] No DFS/TPC Yes DFS/TPC No Indoors/DFS/
TPC or[note 6][note 10]		 DFS/TPC DFS/TPC Un­known DFS/TPC DFS DFS/TPC or [note 6] No DFS/TPC or [note 6] No
100 5500 5490–5510 20 DFS/TPC or [note 8] [note 9] Yes
102 5510 5490–5530 40 DFS/TPC or [note 7]
104 5520 5510–5530 20
106 5530 5490–5570 80 No
108 5540 5530–5550 20 Yes
110 5550 5530–5570 40
112 5560 5550–5570 20
114 5570 5490–5650 160 No No
116 5580 5570–5590 20 DFS/TPC or [note 6] Yes
118 5590 5570–5610 40 No No DFS
120 5600 5590–5610 20 Yes
122 5610 5570–5650 80 No
124 5620 5610–5630 20 Yes
126 5630 5610–5650 40
128 5640 5630–5650 20
132 5660 5650–5670 20 No DFS/TPC or [note 6] DFS/TPC or [note 6] Indoors/TPC [note 3]
134 5670 5650–5690 40
136 5680 5670–5690 20
138 5690 5650–5730 80 U-NII-2C and U-NII-3 DFS/TPC or [note 8] [note 9] + SRD (25 mW) No No
140 5700 5690–5710 20 U-NII-2C DFS/TPC or [note 8] [note 9] Indoors[note 11] DFS/TPC Yes
142 5710 5690–5730 40 U-NII-2C and U-NII-3 DFS/TPC or [note 8] [note 9] + SRD (25 mW) No No
144 5720 5710–5730 20
149 5745 5735–5755 20 U-NII-3 Yes Yes Yes SRD (200 mW) SRD (25 mW)[49] No Indoors Yes Indoors Yes Yes Yes Yes DFS/TPC/
Fixed		 Yes Yes
151 5755 5735–5775 40
153 5765 5755–5775 20
155 5775 5735–5815 80
157 5785 5775–5795 20
159 5795 5775–5815 40
161 5805 5795–5815 20
163 5815 5735–5895 160 U-NII-3 and U-NII-4 No Indoors[50] No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
165 5825 5815–5835 20 U-NII-3 Yes Yes Yes SRD (200 mW) SRD (25 mW)[49] Indoors/TPC [note 3] Indoors Yes Indoors Yes Yes Yes Yes DFS/TPC/
Fixed		 Yes
167 5835 5815–5855 40 U-NII-3 and U-NII-4 No Indoors[50] No SRD (25 mW)[49] No Yes No No No No No No No No
169 5845 5835–5855 20 U-NII-4
171 5855 5815–5895 80 U-NII-3 and U-NII-4
173 5865 5855–5875 20 U-NII-4
175 5875 5855–5895 40 No No No No
177 5885 5875–5895 20
180 5900 5895–5905 10 — DSRC Un­known No Un­known
182 5910 5905–5915 10 No No No C-V2X No No No No No No Registration required Un­known No No No No No No No No No No No No
183 (proposed) 5915 5905–5925 20
184 5920 5915–5925 10 Indoors/SRD (250 mW)
187 5935 5930–5940 10 —
188 5940 5930–5950 20
189 5945 5940–5950 10
192 5960 5950–5970 20
196 5980 5970–5990 20
Channel Center
frequency
(MHz)		 Frequency
range
(MHz)		 10
MHz		 20
MHz		 40
MHz		 80
MHz		 160
MHz		 United States
FCC
U-NII band(s)		 Australia United States Canada United Kingdom Europe Russia Japan India Singapore China Israel Korea Turkey South Africa Brazil Taiwan New Zealand Bahrain Vietnam Indonesia
Notes:
  1. Transmit power / Power density: Max. 200 mW e.i.r.p. Max. 10 mW/MHz e.i.r.p. density in any 1 MHz band. WAS/RLANs operating in the band 5250–5350 MHz shall either employ transmitter power control (TPC), which provides, on average, a mitigation factor of at least 3 dB on the maximum permitted output power of the systems; or if transmitter power control is not in use, the maximum permitted e.i.r.p. and the corresponding e.i.r.p. density limits shall be reduced by 3 dB. Type of Antenna: integral or dedicated. Max. 25 mW e.i.r.p. (5150–5250 MHz) inside cars for RLAN use. RLAN use inside cars (passenger cars, lorries, buses) in the band 5150–5250 MHz is allowed at a maximum e.i.r.p. of 25 mW. EN 301 893 / ECC/DEC/(04)08 / ERC/REC 70-03, Annex A.
  2. Channel access and occupation rules: WAS/RLANs operating in the band 5250–5350 MHz shall use mitigation techniques that give at least the same protection as the detection, operational and response requirements described in EN 301 893 to ensure compatible operation with radiodetermination systems (radars). Such mitigation techniques shall equalise the probability of selecting a specific channel for all available channels so as to ensure, on average, a near-uniform spread of spectrum loading. The equipment shall implement an adequate spectrum sharing mechanism in order to facilitate sharing between the various technologies and applications. The adequate spectrum sharing mechanism can be e.g. LBT (Listen Before Talk), DAA (Detect And Avoid) or any other mechanism providing a similar level of mitigation. EN 301 893 / ECC/DEC/(04)08 / ERC/REC 70-03, Annex A.
  3. limited to 200 mW
  4. limited to power density of 2.5 mW/MHz
  5. limited to 100 mW instead of 200 mW without TPC
  6. limited to 500 mW instead of 1 W without TPC
  7. Transmit power control mechanism may not be required for systems with an e.i.r.p. of less than 500 mW. Ref- section 3 (iv) G.S.R. 1048(E). dt 18 October 2018
  8. Transmit power / Power density: Max. 1 W e.i.r.p. Max. 50 mW/MHz e.i.r.p. density in any 1 MHz band. WAS/RLANs operating in the band 5470–5725 MHz shall either employ transmitter power control (TPC), which provides, on average, a mitigation factor of at least 3 dB on the maximum permitted output power of the systems; or if transmitter power control is not in use, the maximum permitted e.i.r.p. and the corresponding e.i.r.p. density limits shall be reduced by 3 dB. Type of Antenna: integral or dedicated. EN 301 893 / ECC/DEC/(04)08 /-.
  9. Channel access and occupation rules: WAS/RLANs operating in the bands 5470–5725 MHz shall use mitigation techniques that give at least the same protection as the detection, operational and response requirements described in EN 301 893 to ensure compatible operation with radiodetermination systems (radars). Such mitigation techniques shall equalise the probability of selecting a specific channel for all available channels so as to ensure, on average, a near-uniform spread of spectrum loading. The equipment shall implement an adequate spectrum sharing mechanism in order to facilitate sharing between the various technologies and applications. The adequate spectrum sharing mechanism can be e.g. LBT (Listen Before Talk), DAA (Detect And Avoid) or any other mechanism providing a similar level of mitigation. EN 301 893 / ECC/DEC/(04)08 /-.
  10. limited to power density of 14 dBm/MHz instead of 17 dBm/MHz without TPC
  11. limited to power density of 10 dBm/MHz, limited to 25 mW
Caption
Text Meaning
Yes MAY be used without restrictions.
No SHOULD NOT be used.
Indoors MUST be used indoor only.
DFS MUST be used with DFS regardless indoor or outdoor.
SRD MUST comply with SRD requirements regardless indoor or outdoor.
Indoors/DFS MUST be used with DFS and indoor only.
Indoors/TPC MUST be used with TPC and indoor only.
DFS/TPC MUST be used with DFS and TPC.
DFS/TPC + SRD MUST be used with DFS, TPC and comply with SRD requirements.
Indoors/DFS/TPC MUST be used with DFS, TPC and indoor only.
Registration required MUST be registered before using.
Un­known Information not available or defined.
Notes: RFC 2119, RFC 854

United States

Source:[51]

In 2007, the FCC (United States) began requiring that devices operating in the bands of 5.250–5.350 GHz and 5.470–5.725 GHz must employ dynamic frequency selection (DFS) and transmit power control (TPC) capabilities. This is to avoid interference with weather-radar and military applications.[52] In 2010, the FCC further clarified the use of channels in the 5.470–5.725 GHz band to avoid interference with TDWR, a type of weather radar system.[53] In FCC parlance, these restrictions are now referred to collectively as the "Old Rules". On 10 June 2015, the FCC approved a "new" ruleset for 5 GHz device operation (called the "New Rules"), which adds 160 and 80 MHz channel identifiers, and re-enables previously prohibited DFS channels, in Publication Number 905462.[54] This FCC publication eliminates the ability for manufacturers to have devices approved or modified under the Old Rules in phases; the New Rules apply in all circumstances as of 2 June 2016.[54]

Source:[55] "To help meet the increasing demand for Wi-Fi and other unlicensed services, the FCC's new rules will make 45 megahertz of the 5.9 GHz band available for unlicensed use. This spectrum's impact will be further amplified by the fact that it is adjacent to an existing Wi-Fi band which, when combined with the 45 megahertz made available today, will support cutting edge broadband applications. These high-throughput channels—up to 160 megahertz wide—will enable gigabit Wi-Fi connectivity for schools, hospitals, small businesses, and other consumers. The Report and Order adopts technical rules to enable full-power indoor unlicensed operations in the lower 45 megahertz portion of the band immediately, as well as opportunities for outdoor unlicensed use on a coordinated basis under certain circumstances. Under the new rules, ITS services will be required to vacate the lower 45 megahertz of the band within one year."

United Kingdom

The UK's Ofcom regulations for unlicensed use of the 5 GHz band is similar to Europe, except that DFS is not required for the frequency range 5.725–5.850 GHz and the SRD maximum mean e.i.r.p is 200 mW instead of 25 mW.[56]

Additionally, 5.925–6.425 GHz is also available for unlicensed use, as long as it is used indoors with an SRD of 250 mW.

Germany

Germany requires DFS and TPC capabilities on 5.250–5.350 GHz and 5.470–5.725 GHz as well; in addition, the frequency range 5.150–5.350 GHz is allowed only for indoor use, leaving only 5.470–5.725 GHz for outdoor and indoor use.[57]

Since this is the German implementation of EU Rule 2005/513/EC, similar regulations must be expected throughout the European Union.[58][59]

European standard EN 301 893 covers 5.15–5.725 GHz operation, and as of 23 May 2017 v2.1.1 has been adopted.[60] 6 GHz can now be used.[61]

Austria

Austria adopted Decision 2005/513/EC directly into national law.[62] The same restrictions as in Germany apply, only 5.470–5.725 GHz is allowed to be used outdoor and indoor.

Japan

Japan's use of 10 and 20 MHz-wide 5 GHz wireless channels is codified by Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) document STD-T71, Broadband Mobile Access Communication System (CSMA).[63] Additional rule specifications relating to 40, 80, and 160 MHz channel allocation has been taken on by Japan's Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC).[64]

Argentina

In Riobama 451 caba gran buenosaires, the use of TPC is required in the 5.150-5.350 GHz and 5.470-5.725 GHz bands is required, but devices without TPC are allowed with a reduction of 3 dB.[65] DFS is required in the 5.250-5.350 GHz and 5.470-5.725 GHz bands, and optional in the 5.150-5.250 GHz band.[66]

Australia

As of 2015, some of the Australian channels require DFS to be utilised (a significant change from the 2000 regulations, which allowed lower power operation without DFS).[8] As per AS/NZS 4268 B1 and B2, transmitters designed to operate in any part of 5250–5350 MHz and 5470–5725 MHz bands shall implement DFS in accordance with sections 4.7 and 5.3.8 and Annex D of ETSI EN 301 893 or alternatively in accordance with FCC paragraph 15.407(h)(2). Also as per AS/NZS 4268 B3 and B4, transmitters designed to operate in any part of 5250–5350 MHz and 5470–5725 MHz bands shall implement TPC in accordance with sections 4.4 and 5.3.4 of ETSI EN 301 893 or alternatively in accordance with FCC paragraph 15.407(h)(1).

New Zealand

New Zealand regulation differs from Australian.[67]

Singapore

Singapore regulation requires DFS and TPC to be used in the 5.250–5.350 GHz band to transmit more than 100 mW effective radiated power (EIRP), but no more than 200 mW, and requires DFS capability on 5.250–5.350 GHz below or equal to 100 mW EIRP, and requires DFS and TPC capabilities on 5.470–5.725 below or equal to 1000 mW EIRP. Operating 5.725–5.850 GHz above 1000 mW and below or equal to 4000 mW EIRP shall be approved on exceptional basis.[36]

South Korea

In South Korea, the Ministry of Science and ICT has public notices. 신고하지 아니하고 개설할 수 있는 무선국용 무선설비의 기술기준, Technical standard for radio equipment for radio stations that can be opened without reporting. They allowed 160 MHz channel bandwidth from 2018 to 2016–27.[68]

China

China MIIT expanded allowed channels as of 31 December 2012 to add UNII-1, 5150–5250 GHz, UNII-2, 5250–5350 GHz (DFS/TPC), similar to European standards EN 301.893 V1.7.1.[69] China MIIT expanded allowed channels as of 3 July 2017 to add UNII-3, 5725—5850 MHz. [70]

Indonesia

Indonesia allows use of frequency of 5.150–5.250 GHz and 5.250–5.350 GHz for indoors use with maximum EIRP of 200 mW and frequency of 5.725–5.825 GHz with maximum EIRP of 1500 mW for outdoors and 200 mW for indoors.

India

In exercise of the powers conferred by sections 4 and 7 of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 (13 of 1885) and sections 4 and 10 of the Indian Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1933 (17 of 1933) and in supersession of notification under G.S.R. 46(E), dated 28 January 2005 and notification under G.S.R. 36(E), dated 10 January 2007 and notification under G.S.R. 38(E), dated 19 January 2007, the Central Government made the rules, called the Use of Wireless Access System including Radio Local Area Network in 5 GHz band (Exemption from Licensing Requirement) Rules, 2018. The rules include criteria's like 26 dB bandwidth of the modulated signal measured relative to the maximum level of the modulated carrier, the maximum power within the specified measurement bandwidth, within the device operating band; measurements in the 5725–5875 MHz band are made over a bandwidth of 500 kHz; measurements in the 5150–5250 MHz, 5250–5350 MHz, and 5470–5725 MHz bands are made over a bandwidth of 1 MHz or 26 dB emission bandwidth of the device. No licence shall be required under indoor and outdoor environment to establish, maintain, work, possess or deal in any wireless equipment for the purpose of low power wireless access systems. Transmitters operating in 5725–5875 MHz, all emissions within the frequency range from the band edge to 10 MHz above or below the band edge shall not exceed an EIRP of −17 dBm/MHz; for frequencies 10 MHz or greater above or below the band edge, emission shall not exceed an EIRP of −27 dBm/MHz.[71] [72]

5.9 GHz (802.11p)

The 802.11p amendment published on 15 July 2010, specifies WLAN in the licensed band of 5.9 GHz (5.850–5.925 GHz).

6 GHz (802.11ax and 802.11be)

The Wi-Fi Alliance has introduced the term "Wi-Fi 6E" to identify and certify IEEE 802.11ax devices that support this new band, which is also used by Wi-Fi 7 (IEEE 802.11be).

Channel Center
frequency
(MHz)		 Frequency
range
(MHz)		 20
MHz		 40
MHz		 80
MHz		 160
MHz		 320
MHz		 United
States
FCC
U-NII band(s)		 United States Canada Europe,
Japan,
Russia		 Australia,
Greenland,
United Arab Emirates,
United Kingdom		 Brazil,[73]
Chile,
Costa Rica,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Peru,
Saudi Arabia,
South Korea		 Colombia,
Jordan,
Mexico,
Qatar		 Singapore
1 5955 5945–5965 20 40 80 160 320 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
5 5975 5965–5985 20 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
9 5995 5985–6005 20 40 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
13 6015 6005–6025 20 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
17 6035 6025–6045 20 40 80 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
21 6055 6045–6065 20 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
25 6075 6065–6085 20 40 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
29 6095 6085–6105 20 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
33 6115 6105–6125 20 40 80 160 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
37 6135 6125–6145 20 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
41 6155 6145–6165 20 40 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
45 6175 6165–6185 20 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
49 6195 6185–6205 20 40 80 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
53 6215 6205–6225 20 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
57 6235 6225–6245 20 40 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
61 6255 6245–6265 20 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
65 6275 6265–6285 20 40 80 160 320 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
69 6295 6285–6305 20 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
73 6315 6305–6325 20 40 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
77 6335 6325–6345 20 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
81 6355 6345–6365 20 40 80 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
85 6375 6365–6385 20 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
89 6395 6385–6405 20 40 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
93 6415 6405–6425 20 U-NII-5 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP LPI/VLP Yes Yes Proposed Proposed
97 6435 6425–6445 20 40 80 160 U-NII-6 LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
101 6455 6445–6465 20 U-NII-6 LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
105 6475 6465–6485 20 40 U-NII-6 LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
109 6495 6485–6505 20 U-NII-6 LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
113 6515 6505–6525 20 40 80 U-NII-6 LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
117 6535 6525–6545 20 U-NII-7 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
121 6555 6545–6565 20 40 U-NII-7 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
125 6575 6565–6585 20 U-NII-7 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
129 6595 6585–6605 20 40 80 160 320 U-NII-7 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
133 6615 6605–6625 20 U-NII-7 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
137 6635 6625–6645 20 40 U-NII-7 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
141 6655 6645–6665 20 U-NII-7 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
145 6675 6665–6685 20 40 80 U-NII-7 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
149 6695 6685–6705 20 U-NII-7 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
153 6715 6705–6725 20 40 U-NII-7 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
157 6735 6725–6745 20 U-NII-7 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
161 6755 6745–6765 20 40 80 160 U-NII-7 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
165 6775 6765–6785 20 U-NII-7 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
169 6795 6785–6805 20 40 U-NII-7 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
173 6815 6805–6825 20 U-NII-7 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
177 6835 6825–6845 20 40 80 U-NII-7 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
181 6855 6845–6865 20 U-NII-7 Standard/LPI Standard/LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
185 6875 6865–6885 20 40 U-NII-7/U-NII-8 LPI LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
189 6895 6885–6905 20 U-NII-8 LPI LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
193 6915 6905–6925 20 40 80 160 No U-NII-8 LPI LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
197 6935 6925–6945 20 U-NII-8 LPI LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
201 6955 6945–6965 20 40 U-NII-8 LPI LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
205 6975 6965–6985 20 U-NII-8 LPI LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
209 6995 6985–7005 20 40 80 U-NII-8 LPI LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
213 7015 7005–7025 20 U-NII-8 LPI LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
217 7035 7025–7045 20 40 U-NII-8 LPI LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
221 7055 7045–7065 20 U-NII-8 LPI LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
225 7075 7065–7085 20 40 No No U-NII-8 LPI LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
229 7095 7085–7105 20 U-NII-8 LPI LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
233 7115 7105–7125 20 No U-NII-8 LPI LPI/VLP No No Yes Proposed No
Channel Center
frequency
(MHz)		 Frequency
range
(MHz)		 20
MHz		 40
MHz		 80
MHz		 160
MHz		 320
MHz		 United States
FCC
U-NII band(s)		 United States Canada Europe,
Japan,
Russia		 Australia,
Greenland,
United Arab Emirates,
United Kingdom,
 Brazil,
Chile,
Costa Rica,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Peru,
Saudi Arabia,
South Korea		 Colombia,
Jordan,
Mexico,
Qatar		 Singapore

Initialisms (precise definition below):

  • LPI: low power indoor
  • VLP: very low power

United States

On 23 April 2020, the FCC voted on and ratified a Report and Order[74][75] to allocate 1.2 GHz of unlicensed spectrum in the 6 GHz band (5.925–7.125 GHz) for Wi-Fi use.

Standard power
USA 6 GHz standard-power channels
Band20 MHz40 MHz80 MHz160 MHz
U-NII-5241263
U-NII-6Not allowed
U-NII-717831
U-NII-8Not Allowed
TOTAL412094

Standard power access points are permitted indoors and outdoors at a maximum EIRP of 36 dBm in the U-NII-5 and U-NII-7 sub-bands with automatic frequency coordination (AFC).

Low-power indoor (LPI) operation
USA 6 GHz low-power indoor channels
Band20 MHz40 MHz80 MHz160 MHz320 MHz
U-NII-52412631.5
U-NII-652.51.250.50.25
U-NII-717.58.754.252.251.125
U-NII-812.55.752.51.250.125
TOTAL59291473

Note: Partial channels indicate channels that span UNII boundaries, which is permitted in 6 GHz LPI operation. Under the proposed channel numbers, the U-NII-7/U-NII-8 boundary is spanned by channels 185 (20 MHz), 187 (40 MHz), 183 (80 MHz), and 175 (160 MHz). The U-NII-6/U-NII-7 boundary is spanned by channels 115 (40 MHz), 119 (80 MHz), and channel 111 (160 MHz).

For use in indoor environments, access points are limited to a maximum EIRP of 30 dBm and a maximum power spectral density of 5 dBm/MHz. They can operate in this mode on all four U-NII bands (5,6,7,8) without the use of automatic frequency coordination. To help ensure they are used only indoors, these types of access points are not permitted to be connectorized for external antennas, weather-resistant, or run on battery power.[75]: 41 

Very-low-power devices

The FCC may issue a ruling in the future on a third class of very low power devices such as hotspots and short-range applications.

Canada

In November 2020, the Innovation, Science and Economic Development (ISED) of Canada published "Consultation on the Technical and Policy Framework for Licence-Exempt Use in the 6 GHz Band".[76] They proposed to allow licence-exempt operations in the 6 GHz spectrum for three classes of radio local area networks (RLANs):

Standard power

For indoor and outdoor use. Maximum EIRP of 36 dBm and maximum power spectral density (PSD) of 23 dBm/MHz. Should employ Automated Frequency Coordination (AFC) control.

Low-power indoor (LPI)

For indoor use only. Maximum EIRP of 30 dBm and maximum PSD of 5 dBm/MHz.

Very low power (VLP)

For indoor and outdoor use. Maximum EIRP of 14 dBm and maximum PSD of -8 dBm/MHz.

Europe

ECC Decision (20)01 from 20 November 2020[77] allocated the frequency band from 5925 to 6425 MHz (corresponding to the US U-NII-5 band) for use by low-power indoor and very-low-power devices for Wireless Access Systems/Radio Local Area Networks (WAS/RLAN), with a portion specifically reserved for rail networks and intelligent transport systems.[78]

EU 6 GHz Channels
Band20 MHz40 MHz80 MHz160 MHz
5925–6425 MHz241263

United Kingdom

Since July 2020, the UK's Ofcom permitted unlicensed use of the lower 6 GHz band (5925 to 6425 MHz, corresponding to the US U-NII-5 band) by Low Power indoor and Very Low Power indoor and mobile Outdoor devices.[79][80]

Australia

In April 2021, Australia's ACMA opened consultations for the 6 GHz band. The lower 6 GHz band (5925 to 6425 MHz, corresponding to the US U-NII-5 band) was approved for 250 mW EIRP indoors and 25 mW outdoors on March 4, 2022.[81] Further consideration is also being given to releasing the upper 6 GHz band (6425 to 7125 MHz) for WLAN use as well, although nothing has been officially proposed at this time.

Japan

In September 2022, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications announced amendments to the ministerial order and notices related to the Radio Act. [82]

Low-power indoor (LPI)

For indoor use only. Maximum EIRP of 200mW.

Very low power (VLP)

For indoor and outdoor use. Maximum EIRP of 25mW.

Russia

In December 2022, the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media published protocol meetings Russian State Commission for Radio Frequencies. [83]

Low-power indoor (LPI)

For indoor use only and employ transmitter power control (TPC). Maximum EIRP of 200 mW and maximum PSD of 10 mW/MHz.

Very low power (VLP)

For indoor and mobile outdoor devices use. Maximum EIRP of 25 mW and maximum PSD of 1.3 mW/MHz.

Singapore

In February 2023, Singapore's IMDA opened consultations for the 6GHz band.

60 GHz (802.11ad/ay)

The 802.11ad/ay standards, also known as WiGig, operate in the 60 GHz V band unlicensed ISM band spectrum.

ChannelCenter (GHz)Min. (GHz)Max. (GHz)BW (GHz)
158.3257.2459.402.16
260.4859.4061.56
362.6461.5663.72
464.8063.7265.88
566.9665.8868.04
669.1268.0470.20
959.4057.2461.564.32
1061.5659.4063.72
1163.7261.5665.88
1265.8863.7268.04
1368.0465.8870.20
1760.4857.2463.726.48
1862.6459.4065.88
1964.8061.5668.04
2066.9663.7270.20
2561.5657.2465.888.64
2663.7259.4068.04
2765.8861.5670.20

See also

Notes

^A In the 2.4 GHz bands bonded 40 MHz channels are uniquely named by the primary and secondary 20 MHz channels, e.g. 9+13. In the 5 GHz bands they are denoted by the center of the wider band and the primary 20 MHz channel e.g. 42[40]

^B In the US, 802.11 operation on channels 12 and 13 is allowed under low power conditions. The 2.4 GHz Part 15 band in the US allows spread-spectrum operation as long as the 50 dB bandwidth of the signal is within the range of 2,400–2,483.5 MHz[84] which fully encompasses channels 1 through 13. A Federal Communications Commission (FCC) document clarifies that only channel 14 is forbidden and that low-power transmitters with low-gain antennas may operate legally in channels 12 and 13.[85] Channels 12 and 13 are nevertheless not normally used in order to avoid any potential interference in the adjacent restricted frequency band, 2,483.5–2,500 MHz,[86] which is subject to strict emission limits set out in 47 CFR § 15.205.[87] Per recent FCC Order 16–181, "an authorized access point device can only operate in the 2483.5–2495 MHz band when it is operating under the control of a Globalstar Network Operating Center and that a client device can only operate in the 2483.5–2495 MHz band when it is operating under the control of an authorized access point"[88]

^C Channel 14 is valid only for DSSS and CCK modes (Clause 18 a.k.a. 802.11b) in Japan. OFDM (i.e., 802.11g) may not be used. (IEEE 802.11-2007 §19.4.2)

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Further reading
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