Alitta virens

Alitta virens (common names include sandworm and king ragworm; older scientific names including Nereis virens are still frequently used) is an annelid worm that burrows in wet sand and mud. It was first described by biologist Michael Sars in 1835.[2] It is classified as a polychaete in the family Nereididae.[1]

Alitta virens
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Annelida
Clade: Pleistoannelida
Subclass: Errantia
Order: Phyllodocida
Family: Nereididae
Genus: Alitta
Species:
A. virens
Binomial name
Alitta virens
(M. Sars, 1835) [1]
Synonyms[1]
  • Nereis virens M. Sars, 1835
  • Neanthes virens (M. Sars, 1835)
  • Nereis paucidentata Treadwell, 1939 *
  • Nereis dyamushi Izuka, 1912 *
  • Nereis grandis Stimpson, 1854 *
  • Nereis southerni Abdel-Moez & Humphries, 1955 *
  • Nereis yankiana Quatrefages, 1866 *

Sandworms make up a large part of the live sea-bait industry. To fulfill the needs of this industry, some sandworms are commercially grown.[3] Sandworming, the harvesting of sandworms from mudflats, employs over 1,000 people in Maine, US. As of 2006, the population of sandworms had diminished greatly over the preceding few years due in large part to overharvesting before the worms are able to reproduce by spawning. Sandworms eat seaweed and microorganisms. They have many distinctive traits, including

  • often reaching great lengths, sometimes exceeding four feet
  • numerous, highly vascularized parapodia along both sides of their bodies
  • blue heads with two large pincer teeth which are capable of biting humans[4]

The parapodia function both as external gills (the animal's primary respiratory surfaces), and as means of locomotion (appearing much like short legs).

Usually, sandworms are gonochoric, meaning that they reproduce sexually between the males and females of the species. Sandworms reproduce via a process termed 'swarming'. The female sandworm releases pheromones that attract males to release sperm. Then, the female sandworm ejects eggs to have them fertilized. The production of gametes occurs via the metanephridia gland.[5]

References
  1. Kristian Fauchald & Chris Glasby (2009). Kristian Fauchald (ed.). "Alitta virens (M. Sars, 1835)". World Polychaeta database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
    * indicates a heterotypic synonym
  2. "Alitta virens (M. Sars, 1835)". World Register of Marine Species.
  3. Hoekstra, Rob; Kool, A.; Louws, C.A. (September 2005). De kweek van zagers op landbouwbedrijven in Zeeland (in Dutch). Utrecht: InnovatieNetwerk Groene Ruimte en Agrocluster. ISBN 90-5059-270-8. OCLC 66455921. Archived from the original on 2012-04-26.
  4. "King Ragworm". BritishSeaFishing.co.uk. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  5. "Alitta virens (Sars, 1835)". SeaLifeBase. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
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