Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland

During the 17th century, present day Ohio was part of the French colony of New France. The Diocese of Quebec, had jurisdiction over the region. However, unlike other parts of the future American Midwest, there were no attempts to found Catholic missions in Ohio.

In 1763, Ohio Country became part of the British Province of Quebec, forbidden from settlement by American colonists. After the American Revolution ended in 1783, Pope Pius VI erected in 1784 the Prefecture Apostolic of the United States, encompassing the entire territory of the new nation. In 1787, the Ohio area became part of the Northwest Territory of the United States. Pius VI created the Diocese of Baltimore, the first diocese in the United States, to replace the prefecture apostolic in 1789.[3][4]

In 1808, Pope Pius VII erected the Diocese of Bardstown in Kentucky, with jurisdiction over the new state of Ohio along with the other midwest states. Pope Pius VII on June 19, 1821, erected the Diocese of Cincinnati, taking all of Ohio from Bardstown.[5]

Pope Pius IX erected the Diocese of Cleveland on April 23, 1847, with territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. At that point, the diocese included counties going west to Toledo and south to Youngstown He named Reverend Louis Rappe as the first bishop of Cleveland.

When Rappe took office, the diocese contained 42 churches and 21 priests; the first and only Catholic church in Cleveland was St. Mary's on the Flats.[6] He soon established the city's first parochial school, which doubled as a chapel.[7]

St. John's Cathedral, Cleveland

Rappe purchased an episcopal residence in 1848, founding a seminary there. He laid the cornerstone of St. John's Cathedral in 1848. In 1849, Rappe went to Europe to recruit clergy for the diocese. He returned in 1850 with four priests, five seminarians, two Sisters of Charity and six Ursuline nuns.[8] The Daughters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary opened St. Mary's Orphan Asylum for Females in 1851. Rappe consecrated St. John's Cathedral on November 7, 1852. The Sisters of Charity opened St. Vincent's Asylum for Boys in 1852.[9] He also introduced the Grey Nuns to the diocese in 1856.

In 1865, Rappe established St. Vincent Charity Hospital, the first public hospital in Cleveland.[10] He brought in the Good Shepherd Sisters (1869), the Little Sisters of the Poor (1870), the Friars Minor (1867) and the Jesuits (1869),[8] and organized the Sisters of Charity of St. Augustine as a new congregation.[11] Rappe retired in 1870 after 33 years as bishop of Cleveland.

In 1872, Pope Pius IX appointed Reverend Richard Gilmour of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati as the second bishop of Cleveland. As bishop, Gilmour founded The Catholic Universe newspaper in 1874. In 1877, the Cuyahoga County auditor announced plans to tax Catholic churches and schools. Gilmour fought the auditor in court, winning his case six years later.[12] He was also wary of the public school system.[13] He established St. Ann's Asylum and Maternity Home,[14] St. Michael Hospital,[15] and St. John Hospital.In 1882, Gilmour condemned the Ladies Land League chapter in Cleveland.. Founded in Ireland, the League was a women's organization that assisted tenants being evicted from their homes.[16]After Gimour died in 1891, Pope Leo XIII named Reverend Ignatius Horstmann of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia as the new bishop of Cleveland.

Horstmann founded the following institutions in the diocese:

• Loyola High School in Cleveland (1902),
• St. John's College in Toledo (1898),
• St. Anthony Home for Working Boys in Cleveland.
• The Catherine Horstmann Home in Cleveland for homeless women.[17]

In the early 1890's, Horstmann faced a schism within the Diocese of Cleveland. Polish parishioners at St. Stanislaus Parish in Cleveland, led by Reverend Anton Kolaszewski, were demanding more control over their parish and more sensitivity to their customs. Despite Horstmann's refusal, Kolaszewski continued to press for independence and accused the bishop of sexual abuse crimes. In 1892, Horstmann relieved Kolaszewski of his post. When the new pastor arrived at St. Stanislaus Church for his first mass, a brawl broke out among the parishioners. In 1894, a group of parishioners started a new independent parish, Immaculate Heart of Mary, with Kolaszewski as pastor; Horstmann excommunicated all of them. Years later, after the deaths of both men, the diocese accepted the new church.[18]

In 1907, Horstmann faced a second schism with Polish Catholics. After removing Reverend Casimir Zakrekac as pastor of St. Vitus Parish in Cleveland, he faced violent protests. After the parish rectory was stoned, the replacement priest was forced to flee. Over 100 people were arrested. On September 22, 1907, 5,000 Polish protesters marched on Horstmann's residence, demanding Zakrekac's reinstatement and home rule for St. Vitus. [19] Horstmann died in 1908.

Pope Pius IX named Reverend John Farrelly of the Diocese of Nashville as bishop of Cleveland in 1909. The next year, Pius IX erected the Diocese of Toledo, removing the Toledo area counties from the Diocese of Cleveland. During his 12-year-long tenure as bishop, Farrelly improved the parochial school system; organized Catholic Charities; and erected 47 churches and schools, including Cathedral Latin High School in Chardon, Ohio.[20] During World War I, Farrelly was appointed by Cleveland Mayor Harry L. Davis to the Cleveland War Commission.[21] Farrelly also ordered English to be spoken at all German language churches and schools in the diocese.[22]Farrely served as bishop until his death in 1921.

Bishop Joseph Schrembs of the Diocese of Toledo was appointed bishop of Cleveland in 1921 by Pope Pius XI. In 1925, the pope presented the relics of St. Christine to Schrembs. Christine, a 13 year-old girl who died for her Catholic faith around 300 AD, was moved from the Roman catacombs to St. John's Cathedral in Cleveland. The diocese had previously donated money to the Vatican for the establishment of the House of Catacombs outside Rome.[23][24] [25]During his tenure, Schrembs erected 27 parishes in Cleveland and 35 outside the city. In 1942, as Schrembs' diabetes worsened, Pope Pius XII named Bishop Edward Hoban from the Diocese of Rockford as Schrembs' coadjutor bishop to help him with his duties.[26]In 1943, Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. taking counties from the Youngstown area away from the Diocese of Cleveland.

After Schrembs died in 1945, Hoban automatically succeeded him as bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland. As bishop, Hoban encouraged refugees displaced by World War II to settle in Cleveland.[27] He also established national and ethnic parishes, but insisted that their parochial schools only teach in English.[27] He helped rebuild and remodel St. John's Cathedral, and enlarged St. John's College, both in Cleveland.[28] Hoban centralized Parmadale Family Services, constructed additional nursing homes, and opened Holy Family Cancer Home in Parma, Ohio, a hospice for cancer patients.[28] Hoban opened a minor seminary and expanded the Newman Apostolate for Catholic students attending public universities and colleges.[28]During Hoban's 21-year-long tenure, the number of Catholics in the diocese increased from 546,000 to 870,000.[29] Hoban also established 61 parishes, 47 elementary schools, and a dozen high schools.[29] Pope Paul VI appointed Bishop Clarence Issenmann of the Diocese of Columbus as coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland on October 7, 1964.[30]When Hoban died in 1966, Issenmann automatically became his replacement in Cleveland.

As bishop, Issenmann constructed the following schools in the diocese:

• Villa Angela Academy in Cleveland,
• Lake Catholic High School in Mentor
• Lorain Catholic High School in Lorain
• St. Vincent-St. Mary High School in Akron

In November 1968, Issenmann asked all adults attending mass in the diocese to sign petitions of support for Humanae vitae, Pope Paul VI's 1969 encyclical against artificial birth control. Issenmann was the only bishop in the country to make that request of parishioners.[31] issenmann retired in 1974 due to poor health. Pope Paul VI in 1974 named Auxiliary Bishop James Hickey of the Diocese of Saginaw as the new bishop of Cleveland. Six years later, in 1980, the pope named him as archbishop of the Archdiocese of Washington.

John Paul II appointed Auxiliary Bishop Anthony Pilla to replace Hickey as bishop of Cleveland in 1980. In 2005, 36 lay members of the diocese sued Pilla, accusing him of allowing $2 million in diocesan funds to be stolen. The judge dismissed the lawsuit, saying that the plaintiffs did not have the legal standing to sue in this case.[32] After 26 years as bishop, Pilla resigned in 2006.

On April 5, 2006, Pope Benedict XVI named Auxiliary Bishop Richard Lennon of the Archdiocese of Boston as the tenth bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland. In May 2008, the now retired Pilla testified for the prosecution in the embezzlement trial of Joseph Smith, the assistant treasurer for the Diocese of Cleveland. Smith had been accused of stealing $784,000 from the diocese through a kickback scheme with an accomplice. Smith's lawyers claimed that Pilla and other diocesan clergy were guilty of that theft. Pilla said that in 2004 he had received an anonymous letter accusing Smith of theft. After meeting with Pilla, Smith went on administrative lead and later resigned. In his testimony, Pilla praised Smith and said that he left the financial management of the diocese up to him.[33][34][35] Smith was acquitted of embezzlement, but convicted of tax evasion; he received one year in prison.[36] Lennon resigned in 2016 due to poor health.

Pope Francis in 2017 appointed Auxiliary Bishop Nelson J. Perez of the Diocese of Rockville Centre to replace Lennon. Three years later, the pope name Perez as archbishop of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia. The current bishop of Cleveland is Bishop Edward C. Malesic of the Diocese of Greensburg, PA, named by Francis in 2020.

1. Louis Amadeus Rappe (1847–1870)
2. Richard Gilmour (1872–1891)
3. Ignatius Frederick Horstmann (1891–1908)
4. John Patrick Farrelly (1909–1921)
5. Joseph Schrembs (1921–1945), appointed Archbishop ad personam by Pope Pius XII in 1939
6. Edward Francis Hoban (1945–1966; coadjutor bishop 1942–1945), appointed Archbishop ad personam by Pope Pius XII in 1951
7. Clarence George Issenmann (1966–1974; coadjutor bishop 1964–1966)
8. James Aloysius Hickey (1974–1980), appointed Archbishop of Washington (Cardinal in 1988)
9. Anthony Michael Pilla (1980–2006)
10. Richard Gerard Lennon (2006–2016)
11. Nelson Jesus Perez (2017–2020), appointed Archbishop of Philadelphia
12. Edward Charles Malesic (2020–present)

1. Joseph Maria Koudelka (1907–1911), appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Milwaukee and later Bishop of Superior
2. James A. McFadden (1922–1943), appointed Bishop of Youngstown
3. William Michael Cosgrove (1943–1968), appointed Bishop of Belleville
4. John Raphael Hagan (1946)
5. Floyd Lawrence Begin (1947–1962), appointed Bishop of Oakland
6. John Joseph Krol (1953–1961), appointed Archbishop of Philadelphia (Cardinal in 1967)
7. Clarence Edward Elwell (1962–1968), appointed Bishop of Columbus
8. John Francis Whealon (1961–1966), appointed Bishop of Erie and later Archbishop of Hartford
9. Gilbert Ignatius Sheldon (1976–1992), appointed Bishop of Steubenville
10. Michael Joseph Murphy (1976–1978), appointed Bishop of Erie
11. James Anthony Griffin (1979–1983), appointed Bishop of Columbus
12. James Patterson Lyke O.F.M. (1979–1990), appointed Archbishop of Atlanta
13. Anthony Michael Pilla (1979–1980), appointed Bishop of Cleveland
14. Anthony Edward Pevec (1982–2001)
15. Alexander James Quinn (1983–2008)
16. Martin John Amos (2001–2006), appointed Bishop of Davenport
17. Roger William Gries, O.S.B. (2001–2013)
18. Michael Gerard Woost, (2022-present)

Additionally, the following bishops began their priestly ministry as priests of the Diocese of Cleveland (the years in parentheses refer to their years in Cleveland):

• John Patrick Carroll, Bishop of Helena (1889–1904)
• Augustus John Schwertner, Bishop of Wichita in 1921 (1897–1910)
• Thomas Charles O'Reilly, Bishop of Scranton (1898–1927)
• Edward Mooney, titular Archbishop and Apostolic Delegate, and later Archbishop (ad personam) of Rochester and Archbishop of Detroit (Cardinal in 1946) (1909–1926)
• Charles Hubert Le Blond, Bishop of Saint Joseph (1909–1933)
• Michael Joseph Ready, Bishop of Columbus (1918–1944)
• John Patrick Treacy, Coadjutor Bishop and later Bishop of La Crosse (1918–1945)
• Joseph Patrick Hurley, Bishop of Saint Augustine (and Archbishop (ad personam) in 1949) (1919–1940)
• John Francis Dearden, Coadjutor Bishop and later Bishop of Pittsburgh and Archbishop of Detroit (Cardinal in 1969) (1932–1948)
• Paul John Hallinan, Bishop of Charleston and later Archbishop of Atlanta (1937–1958)
• Raymond Joseph Gallagher, Bishop of Lafayette in Indiana (1939–1965)
• Timothy P. Broglio, Apostolic Nuncio to the Dominican Republic and later Archbishop for the Military Services, USA (1977–2001)
• David John Walkowiak, Bishop of Grand Rapids (1979–2013)
• Neal James Buckon, Auxiliary Bishop for the Military Services, USA (1995–2011)

• Nazareth Academy – Parma Heights (Girls),(Congregation of the Sisters of St. Joseph 1957-1980). Closed in 1980, Holy Name High School moved in to its building that year.[48]
• Regina High School – South Euclid (Girls), (Sisters of Notre Dame), 1953-2010
• St. Peter Chanel High School – Bedford (Co-ed)(Marist Fathers 1957-1973); (Diocese of Cleveland 1973-2013). Closed 2013
• St. Augustine Academy – Lakewood (Girls) Closed 2005. Now Lakewood Catholic Academy elementary school.
• Lorain Catholic High School – Lorain(Co-ed) Closed 2004.