Chakhig

Chakh (Chechen: Эла Чах), sometimes also referred to as Chakhig (Chechen: Эла Чахиг), was a Chechen ruler and the king of the Alans and Durdzuks from 1253 to 1278 as well as the leader of the Uprising of the North Caucasians, which is also commonly referred to as the Dedyakov rebellion. Chakh belonged to the powerful Sado-Orsoy dynasty of Chechnya and was the successor of Khour I. Chakh (Or Chakhig) means "redheaded" in the Chechen language.[1][2][3]

Chakh
King of the Alans and Durdzuks
Reign1253-February of 1278
PredecessorKhour I
SuccessorKhasi II
BornDecember 1239
Sadoy?, Cheberloy, Chechnya
DiedFebruary 1278
(Aged 39)
Arzhiy Ahk river, Chechnya
DynastySado-Orsoy
FatherKhour I
MotherEsirat

Family and descendants

Early life

Chakh was born in 1240, shortly after his mother, Esirat, managed to escape Maghas through a secret passage into Cheberloy, as it was besieged by the Mongols.[4][1]
Chakh, along with his father was also one of the survivors of the persecution of the royal house by the Mongols, and through him, the ruling family survived.[5][6]
Chakh-Aul, a place in the Orsoy town, was the personal estate of Chakh.[2][7]

Early reign

Chakh was crowned in 1253, a year after the assassination of his father. Having become the new ruler of the Durdzuks and Alans, Chakh continues the work of his father, the fight against the Mongols. He would later become the main leader of the uprising of the North Caucasians, commonly known as the Dedyakov Rebellion.[8][5]

Uprising of the North Caucasians

Prelude

Tax oppression as well as the brutal policies of the Mongols towards the North Caucasians led to armed clashes between the two sides in 1277. Taking advantage of the instability, Chakh launched a mighty uprising against the Mongol Empire.[9][7][10]

The uprising

Mengu Khan gathered an army, however, fearing it is not large enough, he also asked help from Russian princes. Aim of the campaign was the capture and destruction of the city Dedyakov, the center of the uprising.[9][7][10][11]

The "Glorious city Yassky Dedyakov" was besieged in the beginning of 1278, until it fell to the troops of Mengu-Timur in February of the same year, after which it was plundered and then burned down. Chakh managed to escape, however, despite the devastating defeat, refused to surrender.[9][7][10][11]

Death

After the destruction of Dedyakov, Chakh, along with his companions, fled south, aiming to reach the mountains South of lake Kazenoy-Am, however, the troops of the Khan managed to overtake Chakhigs detachment. The rebellious king, along with his companions, refusing to surrender, stabbed and killed themselves on horseback, after which they threw themselves off a cliff near the Arzhiy-Ahk river.[5][12]

Successor

Although Chakh was succeeded by his son, Khasi II, his death severely weakened the influence of the Sado-Orsoy dynasty, as the Durdzuks and Alans stopped recognizing the king over themselves.[13]

See also

References
  1. Муртазалиев, p. 185.
  2. Сулейманов 1978, p. 179.
  3. Ангуни 2013, p. 17, 28-29, 44.
  4. Ангуни 2013, p. 17.
  5. Муртазалиев, p. 186.
  6. Ангуни 2013, p. 21.
  7. Ангуни 2013, p. 28.
  8. Ангуни 2013, p. 25.
  9. Ахмадов 2001.
  10. Хизриев.
  11. Муртазалиев, p. 185-186.
  12. Ангуни 2013, p. 29.
  13. Ангуни 2013, p. 44.

Literature
  • Ахмадов, Я. (2001). Горцы и северокавказские аланы в период господства Золотой Орды (in Russian). Мир дому твоему. pp. 1–424. ISBN 9785875530333.
  • Ангуни, Амин (2013). Государственность Народа Нохчий (in Russian). Издательский аппарат общества Бяццара Кхиэташуо (БК).
  • Сулейманов, А. С. (1978). Топонимия Чечении (PDF) (in Russian). Грозный: Чечено-Ингушское Книжное Издательство. pp. 1–233.
  • Хизриев, А.Х. ЧЕЧНЯ В ПЕРИОД ИНОЗЕМНЫХ НАШЕСТВИЙ (XIII-XV вв.) (in Russian).
  • Муртазалиев, В.Ю. К вопросу истории государства и права чеченцев (in Russian). Грозный.
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