Chhattisgarhi language

Chhattisgarhi (छत्तीसगढ़ी / ଛତିଶଗଡ଼ି) is an eastern variety of Hindi, spoken by approximately 16 million people from Chhattisgarh & other states.[3] It is mostly spoken in the Indian states of Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh & Maharashtra. It is closely related to Odia but is counted by the Indian national census as a dialect of Hindi.

Chhattisgarhi
छत्तीसगढ़ी, ଛତିଶଗଡ଼ି
Native toIndia
RegionChhattisgarh and a minority of speakers in Odisha and Maharashtra
Native speakers
18 million, partial count, including Surgujia (2011 census)[1]
(additional speakers counted under Hindi)
Dialects
Devanagari
Odia
Official status
Official language in
India
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
hne – Chhattisgarhi
sgj – Surgujia
Glottologchha1249
Linguasphere59-AAF-ta

Phonology

Consonants
Labial Dental/
Alveolar		 Retroflex Post-alv./
Palatal		 Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɳ ɲ ŋ
Stop/
Affricate		 voiceless p t ʈ tʃ k
aspirated pʰ tʰ ʈʰ tʃʰ kʰ
voiced b d ɖ dʒ ɡ
breathy bʱ dʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ ɡʱ
Fricative s h
Trill/Tap voiced r ɽ
breathy ɽʱ
Lateral voiced l
breathy lʱ
Approximant ʋ j
  • /r/ can also be heard as a tap [ɾ].

Vowels
Front Central Back
High iː uː
ɪ ʊ
Mid eː ə oː
ɛ ɔ
Low aː
  • /ə/ can also be heard as back [ʌ], [ɐ].
  • Nasalization is also phonemically distinctive.

See also

Sources
  • G. A. Zograph: Languages of South Asia, 1960 (translated by G.L. Campbell, 1982), Routledge, London.
  • H. L. Kavyopadhyaya, G. A. Grierson and L. P. Kavya-Vinod. 1921. A grammar of the Chhattisgarhi dialect of Eastern Hindi.
  • Masica, Colin P. 1993. The Indo-Aryan languages. (Cambridge Lamguage Surveys.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Boehm, Kelly Kilgo. 2022. A Preliminary Sociolinguistic Survey of the Chhattisgarhi-Speaking Peoples of India. SIL International.

References
  1. 16.3 million for Chhattisgarhi and 1.74 million for Surgujia.
    Chhattisgarhi at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018) closed access
    Surgujia at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018) closed access
  2. "The Chhattisgarh Official Language (Amendment) Act, 2007" (PDF). indiacode.nic.in. 2008. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
  3. "Languages of Chhattisgarh". Chhattisgarh Tourism. Archived from the original on 2018-04-12. Retrieved 2021-10-14.

Chhattisgarhi Language

Bibliography
  • C. K. Chandrakar, "Chhattisgarhi Shabadkosh"
  • C. K. Chandrakar, "Manak Chhattisgarhi Vyakaran"
  • C. K. Chandrakar, "Chhattisgarhi Muhawara Kosh"
  • Chhattisgarh Rajbhasha Aayog, "Prashashnik Shabdkosh Vol. I & II"
Chhattisgarhi language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
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