Coalition of the Gulf War

Under United Nations Security Council Resolution 678, a coalition of 39 countries, led by the United States, fought Iraq in the Gulf War (1990–1991).

Coalition by number of military personnel
Multinational group (Qatari F1 Mirage & Alpha Jet, French F1 Mirage, U.S. F-16, and Canadian CF-18 Air Forces) of fighter jets during Operation Desert Shield
A Royal Saudi Air Force Tornado F3 during Operation Desert Storm.
Coalition troops from Egypt, France, Oman, Syria, and Kuwait stand for review during Operation Desert Storm.
List of Coalition forces by number of military personnel
CountryNumber of personnelComments / Major events
 United States697,000[1]Operation Desert Shield
Operation Desert Storm
Battle of Khafji
Battle of 73 Easting
Battle of Al Busayyah
Battle of Phase Line Bullet
Battle of Medina Ridge
Battle of Wadi al-Batin
Battle of Norfolk
 Saudi Arabia60,000 – 100,000Operation Desert Shield
Battle of Khafji
Operation Desert Storm
 United Kingdom53,462[2]Operation Granby
Battle of Norfolk. 16 ships, 58 aircraft, 1st Armd Div HQ, 7th Armd Bde, 4th Armd Bde[3]
 Egypt35,000Operation Desert Storm
 France18,000Opération Daguet. LTG Michel Roquejoeoffre: 20,000 troops, 14 ships, 1 CV, more than 75 aircraft, 350 tanks, & 6th Armored Division.[3]
 Syria14,500Operation Desert Storm
 Morocco13,000Security Personnel
 Kuwait9,900Invasion of Kuwait
Operation Desert Storm
 Oman6,300Operation Desert Storm
 Pakistan4,900 – 5,500Backup team
 Canada4,600Operation Friction
 United Arab Emirates4,300Operation Desert Storm
 Qatar2,600Battle of Khafji
 Bangladesh2,300[4](Operation Moru-prantar) Security Personnel including 2 field Ambulance teams
 Italy1,950(Operazione Locusta) Deployed 8 Panavia Tornado strike attack aircraft, Naval deployment (Operazione Golfo 2)
4 ships, 8 Tornado fighters, 6 F-104 fighters to Turkey
 Australia700Australian contribution to the 1991 Gulf War. Australia contributed at least 1 guided missile frigate, 1 destroyer, 1 supply ship.[3]
 Netherlands700Naval deployment; Air Force deployments of Surface-to-Air Missiles to Turkey and Israel
 Niger600Patroller group. At least 480 troops guarding shrines in Mecca and Medina.[3]
 Sweden525[5]Field hospital
 Senegal500[3]Base Guards
 Spain500 on the field / 3,000 off the coastEngineers, 2 corvettes and 1 destroyer patrolling near Bab al Mandeb[3]
 Argentina4502 frigates and 450 troops[3]Operation Bishop
 Bahrain400Base Guards
 Belgium400Base Engineers, 2 minesweepers, 1 squadron of fighters to Turkey[3]
 Romania363 medical personnel and 21 soldiers[6]Operation Granby[6]
Medical team deployed in Al Jubayl[7][8]
 Poland319Operation Simoom
Naval and medical deployment
 South Korea314Medical and transportation support
 Norway280Naval vessel and field hospital + intelligence information
 Czechoslovakia200-man chemical defence unit and 150 medical personnel [3]Operation Desert Shield
Operation Desert Storm
Czechoslovakia in the Gulf War
 Greece200Hellenic Air Force Pilots and ground support staff, 1 frigate in Red Sea [3]
 Philippines200Medical personnel
 Honduras150Washington Post Jan, 15, 1991: 150 troops sent, may send 350 more.[3]
 Denmark100HDMS Olfert Fischer (Niels Juel-class Corvette)[3]
 New Zealand1002 Lockheed C-130 Hercules transporter aircraft[9]
 Germany 1 squadron of fighters to Turkey [4]
 Portugal 52 Logistic support with one Military Logistic Ship and 2 Lockheed C-130 Hercules transporter aircraft[10][11]
 Hungary40Medical team[12]

Coalition by command

Army Central Command

Marine Central Command

Joint Forces Command East

Joint Forces Command North

Commanders of coalition

Bangladesh
  • Zubayr Siddiqui

Czechoslovakia
  • Ján Való

Egypt

France

Italy
  • Mario Arpino

Saudi Arabia

Syria

United Kingdom

United States

Coalition by equipment

Tanks

Armored vehicles
  • M2A2 Bradley IFV (Infantry Fighting Vehicle)
  • M3A2 Bradley CFV (Cavalry Fighting Vehicle)
  • AAVP7A1 Assault Amphibian Vehicle Personnel (USMC)
  • LAV-25 Light Armored Vehicle (USMC)
  • LAV-AT Light Armored Vehicle (Anti-Tank) (USMC)
  • M113A2/A3 APC (Armored Personnel Carrier)
  • TPz Fuchs APC NBC and EW variants (UOR acquisition from Germany)
  • M901A1 ITV (Improved TOW Vehicle)

Self-propelled artillery/mortars/rockets
  • LAV-M Light Armored Vehicle (Mortar) (USMC)
  • M106A2 Self-Propelled Mortar Carrier
  • M109A2/A3/A4 155 mm SPH (Self-Propelled Howitzer)
  • M110A2 8 inch SPH (Self-Propelled Howitzer)
  • M270 MLRS Multiple Launch Rocket System

Anti-aircraft

Artillery and mortars

Engineering and recovery vehicles

Command vehicles
  • M577A2 ACP (Armored Command Post) Carrier
  • AACV7A1 (Assault Amphibian Vehicle Command) (USMC)
  • LAV-25C2 Light Armored Vehicle (Command & Control) (USMC)
  • M981 FISTV (Fire Support Team Vehicle)

Other vehicles

Helicopters

Aircraft

Aircraft carriers

Battleships

Submarines

Amphibious assault ships

Guided missile cruisers

Destroyer tenders

Destroyers

Guided missile destroyers

Frigates

Amphibious transport docks

Ammunition ships

Dock landing ships

Tank landing ships

Fast sealift ships
  • SL-7 Type (USS Algol, USNS Bellatrix, USS Denebola, USS Pollux, USNS Altair, USS Regulus, USS Capella)

Fleet oilers
  • Neosho class (USS Neosho, USS Hassayampa, USS Ponchatoula)
  • Cimarron class (USS Platte)
  • Henry J. Kaiser class (USS Joshua Humphreys, USNS Andrew J. Higgins, USS Walter S. Diehl)

Combat stores ships

Fast combat support ships

Replenishment oiler ships
  • Wichita class (USS Kansas City, USS Kalamazoo)

Minesweepers

Repair ships
  • Vulcan class (USS Vulcan, USS Jason)

Rescue and salvage ships
  • Edenton class (USS Beaufort)

Sealift ships
  • Wright class (USS Wright, USS Curtiss)

Hospital ships

Amphibious cargo ships
  • Charleston class (USS Durham, USS Mobile)

Mine countermeasure ships

Survey ships
  • Chauvenet class (USS Chauvenet)

Light watercraft

Tanks

Armoured vehicles

Self-propelled artillery/mortars/rockets

Anti-aircraft

Artillery and mortars

Engineering and recovery vehicles

Command vehicles

Other vehicles
  • Land Rover Defender
  • Leyland 4x4 4-Tonne Lorry
  • Bedford 4x4 8-Tonne Lorry
  • Leyland Daf 8x6 14-Tonne Medium Mobility Load Carrier (MMLC) Demountable Rack Offloading and Pick Up System (DROPS) Lorry.
  • Mercedes Unimog Support Vehicle
  • Harley Davidson MT530E
  • Armstrong 500
  • M548 Tracked Cargo Carrier

Aircraft

Destroyers

Frigates

Submarines

Mine countermeasure vessels

Fleet support vessels

Hospital ship
  • RFA Argus - "Primary casualty reception vessel"

Tanks

Armoured vehicles

Self-propelled artillery/mortars/rockets
  • M109A2 155 mm SPH (Self-Propelled Howitzer)
  • AMX-GCT 155 mm SPH (Self-Propelled Howitzer)
  • ASTROS-II MLRS (Multiple Launch Rocket System)
  • M106A2 Self-Propelled Mortar Carrier
  • Cadillac Gage V-150 Commando (Mortar 81 mm)
  • Cadillac Gage V-150 Commando (Mortar 90 mm)

Artillery and mortars

Anti-aircraft
  • M163 VADS Vulcan Air Defence System
  • AMX-30SA Shahine Self-Propelled SAM (Surface-To-Air Missile) Launcher
  • AMX-30SA SPAAA (Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Artillery)
  • MIM-23 Improved Hawk SAM (Surface-To-Air Missile) Launcher
  • Shahine Stationary SAM (Surface-To-Air Missile) Launcher
  • Bofors 40 mm L/70 AAA (Anti-Aircraft Artillery)
  • Oerlikon-Buhrle Twin 35 mm GDF AAA (Anti-Aircraft Artillery)

Other vehicles

Helicopters

Aircraft

Frigates

Corvettes

Patrol ships
  • Al Sadiq class (Al-Siddiq, Al-Farouq, Abdul-Aziz, Faisal, Khalid, Amr, Tariq, Ouqbah, Abu Obadiah)

Replenishment ships

Tanks
  • M-84AB MBT (Main Battle Tank)

Armoured vehicles
  • BMP-2 IFV (Infantry Fighting Vehicle)
  • M113A1 APC (Armored Personnel Carrier)

Helicopters

Aircraft

Fast attack craft
  • Lürssen FPB-57 (unknown number)
  • Lürssen TNC-45 (unknown number)

Tanks

Other armoured vehicles
  • GIAT AMX-10RC armoured car
  • Panhard AML-90 armoured car
  • Panhard ERC-90F4 Sagaie armoured car
  • GIAT VAB (Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé) wheeled troop carrier
  • GIAT VAB-PC (Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé - Poste de Commandement) command vehicle
  • GIAT VAB-VCAC/HOT (Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé - Véhicule de Combat Anti-Char) ATGM (Anti-Tank Guided Missile) launch vehicle
  • GIAT VAB-VTM (Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé - Véhicule Tracteur de Mortier) mortar tractor

Artillery and mortars
  • TR-F1 155 mm towed howitzer
  • MO-81-61C 81 mm mortar
  • MO-120-RT-61 120 mm mortar

Anti-aircraft
  • GIAT 20 mm 53T2 towed AAA (Anti-Aircraft Artillery)
  • Mistral SAM (Surface-To-Air Missile) launcher

Other vehicles
  • Peugeot P4 4WD
  • VLRA (Vehicle de Liaison et Reconnaissance de L'Armee) truck

Helicopters

Aircraft

Aircraft carriers

Amphibious transport docks

Cruisers

Destroyers

Corvettes

Minehunters

Replenishment ships

Support ships
  • Loire-class mine countermeasures support ship, Loire

Tanks
  • AMX-30S MBT (Main Battle Tank)

Fighter jets

Destroyers

Frigates

Replenishment ships

Hospital ship
  • ORP Wodnik

Salvage ship
  • ORP Piast

Other vehicles
  • Tatra T-815 (Heavy truck)
  • UAZ-4629 (All-terrain vehicle mounted with chemical reconnaissance probes)
  • ARS-12M (De-contamination truck based on Praga V3S)
  • POP (Mobile field medical truck based on Praga V3S)

Destroyers

Fighter aircraft

Transport aircraft

Helicopters

Patrol, surveillance aircraft

Supply/replenishment ship

Argentina

[14]

Destroyers
  • 1 MEKO 360 (Almirante Brown class): ARA Almirante Brown (D-10) (CF A. Tierno). ARA Almirante Brown navigated 25.000 NM in the designated area for operations, as part of GT 88, together with ARA Spiro. Returned to Argentina on 25 April, 1991.

Frigates
  • 2 MEKO 140 A16 (Espora class): ARA Spiro (P-43) (CF O. Gonzalez), ARA Rosales (P-42) (CC Tebaldi / CC Rossi). ARA Spiro returned to Argentina on 23 May 1991, together with ARA Almirante Brown (D-10). It had navigated 23000 NM in the operations area during the conflict.

Amphibious cargo ships
  • 1Costa Sur class: ARA Bahia San Blas (B-5). Loaded with medicine and food, for humanitarian aid. This ship along with ARA Rosales (P-42) formed GT 88.1, and replaced GT 88.0 formed by ARA Almirante Brown and ARA Spiro.

Helicopters
  • 2 Alouette III (3-H-109 and 3-H-112), from 1° Esc. Aeronaval de Helicopteros (EA1H) (C.C. Alomar). Totalling 67 flights. Operated initially with P-43 and D-10. One of the Aluettes suffered an accident, with no casualties.

Transport aircraft

Australia
HMAS Sydney during January 1991

Destroyers

Frigates

Replenishment ships

Transport aircraft

Patrol ships

Corvettes

Frigates

Destroyers

Corvettes
  • Descubierta-class corvettes, Descubierta, Diana, Infanta Cristina, Cazadora, Vencedora

The Netherlands

[17]

Frigates

Minehunters

Replenishment ships

Mobile field hospital
  • 53 medical personnel stationed on site

Maritime patrol aircraft

Belgium

[18]

Frigates

Minehunters

Support ships
  • Zinnia-class support ship, Zinnia

Destroyers

Militias and rebel groups

According to sources, 300 members of the anti-communist militias, Afghan mujahideen, joined the coalition towards the end of the war on 11 February 1991.[19] Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups also reportedly rebelled against Saddam.[20]

References
  1. Hyams, K. C., K. Hanson, F. S. Wignall, J. Escamilla, and E. C. Oldfield, 3rd. "The Impact of Infectious Diseases on the Health of U.S. Troops Deployed to the Persian Gulf During Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm." Reprinted with permission of Clinical Infectious Diseases. Force Health Protection & Readiness Policy & Programs, 20 June 1995. Web. 9 June 2014.
  2. "1990/1991 Gulf Conflict" Archived 2012-10-07 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 25 March 2011 "Ministry of Defence"
  3. "Desert Shield and Desert Storm: A Chronology and Troop List for the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf Crisis" (PDF). apps.dtic.mil. 1991-03-25. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved 2018-12-18.
  4. Hossain, Ishtiaq (April 1997). "Bangladesh and the Gulf War: Response of a Small State". Pakistan Horizon. Pakistan Institute of International Affairs. 50 (2): 42. JSTOR 41393571.
  5. http://www.mil.se/sv/i-varlden/Utlandsstyrkan/Truppinsatser/Kuwait/ Archived 2009-05-27 at the Wayback Machine Field hospital deployed as part of Operation Granby (in Swedish)
  6. Alexandrescu, Grigore; Băhnăreanu, Cristian (2007). Operații militare expediționare (PDF) (in Romanian). Bucharest: Editura Universității Naționale de Apărare "Carol I". p. 33. ISBN 9789736634994.
  7. "Alte misiuni și operații la care au participat militari români". misiuni.mapn.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  8. Watson, Bruce W. (1993). Military Lessons of the Gulf War. Greenhill Books. p. 222. ISBN 9781853671036.
  9. "RNZAF - the Post War Years". Archived from the original on 2010-05-22. Retrieved 2010-01-26. Royal New Zealand Air Force website
  10. "Participação portuguesa na guerra do Golfo" (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  11. "A PARTICIPAÇÃO DE PORTUGAL EM OPERAÇÕES DE PAZ. ÊXITOS, PROBLEMAS E DESAFIOS" (PDF).
  12. Lieutenant Colonel Joseph P. Englehardt. "DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS" (PDF). Defense Technical Information Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 21, 2016.
  13. OP SCALPEL War Journal
  14. "La Armada Argentina en el Golfo". Archived from the original on 2018-06-24. Retrieved 2010-06-09.
  15. El TC-91, un avión con mucha historia
  16. A 12 AÑOS DEL BOEING UNAG-1 EN LA GUERRA DEL GOLFO I Archived 2011-03-05 at the Wayback Machine
  17. "The Dutch contribution to the Gulf war - Historical missions - Defensie.nl". 12 September 2017.
  18. "The Operation Southern Breeze".
  19. "DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS" (PDF). apps.dtic.mil. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved 2018-12-18.
  20. McDowall 2004, p. 373.

Works cited
  • McDowall, David (2004). A modern history of the Kurds (3rd ed.). London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1-85043-416-6.
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