List of equipment of the British Army

This is a list of equipment of the British Army currently in use, as of May 2023. It includes small arms, combat vehicles, explosives, missile systems, engineering vehicles, logistical vehicles, aircraft, watercraft, artillery, air defense and transport vehicles, aswell as future equipment.

This article is about weapons and equipment. For details of uniforms and orders of dress, see British Army Uniform.

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The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of British Armed Forces. Since the end of the Cold War, the British Army has been deployed to a number of conflict zones, often as part of an expeditionary force, a coalition force or part of a United Nations peacekeeping operation.[1]

To meet its commitments, the equipment of the Army is periodically updated and modified. Programs exist to ensure the Army is suitably equipped for both current conflicts and expected future conflicts, with any shortcomings in equipment addressed as Urgent Operational Requirements (UOR), which supplements planned equipment programmes.[2]

Infantry section equipment
Soldiers from the 1st Battalion, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers, during a training exercise in 2014
A soldier from the Royal Anglian Regiment firing his L85A2 in Afghanistan

The British infantry section typically consists of eight soldiers who are normally organised into two four-soldier infantry fireteams. While equipment formations can be tailored as required by section and platoon commanders, infantry sections are usually issued with the following:[3][4][5]

Vision systems

Communications equipment

Weapons

Pistols
Name Origin Type Cartridge Image Details
Glock 17 (L131A1), Glock 19 (L137A1)[14]  United Kingdom Semi-automatic pistol 9×19mm
Adopted as the new standard issue sidearm to replace the L9A1 pistol, the L47A1 pistol, and the L105A1/A2, L106A1, L107A1, and L117A1/A2 pistols.[15] The L131A1 is a double action sidearm used for close combat with a magazine capacity of 17 rounds;[16][17] where deemed appropriate, it is the primary weapon of personnel working in operational staff appointments and vehicle commanders and carried as a backup weapon by frontline personnel.[18] The pistol is much lighter than its predecessors and more accurate. It also has an increased magazine capacity. Over 25,000 were purchased for use by all branches of the British Armed Forces.[19] The compact Glock 19 variant was also adopted.[14]

Infantry rifles
Name Origin Type Cartridge Image Details
L85A2, L85A3, L22A2  United Kingdom Assault rifle (L85A2/A3)
Carbine (L22A2)		 5.56×45mm

Standard issue assault rifle with an effective range of 300 to 600 metres. Can be fitted with SUSAT, ACOG, Elcan SpecterOS 4X or Thermal Viper 2 sights. The LLM-Vario Ray laser aiming module and the L123 Underslung Grenade Launcher (UGL) can also be attached.[9][20]

A shortened carbine variant, the L22A2, is used primarily by vehicle and helicopter crews for self-defence and by dog handlers.[21] On 11 April 2016,[22] the British Ministry of Defence announced the L85A3 upgrade programme to extend the life of existing weapons to 2025, with changes including upper receiver modifications, a new model of railed handguard to provide a full-length rail system, and a Flat Dark Earth coating for improved camouflage. An initial quantity of 5,000 rifles was upgraded to the new L85A3 standard, with further tranches being upgraded on an ongoing basis.[23]

L119A1, L119A2  Canada Carbine (Officially designated and treated as a rifle, however) 5.56×45mm
Used by; the Special Air Service[24]16 Air Assault Brigade's Pathfinder Platoon,[25] 1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment and other Army components of the Special Forces Support Group,[26] the Royal Military Police Close Protection Unit,[27] and the Ranger Regiment.[28]

The L119A1 is also used by the Army component of 3 Commando Brigade after the Royal Marines began to use it as a replacement for their L85A2s.[29][30] An A2 variant was developed for UKSF use,[14][31] while other units continue to employ the A1 version. [32]

L129A1L129A2  United States Sharpshooter rifle 7.62×51mm
The primary designated marksman rifle, equipped with an ACOG optical sight for long-range engagements.

There is also a Sniper Support Weapon version fitted with a 12x Schmidt & Bender scope and a suppressor for use by the second man in each sniper team.[33][34]

Heckler & Koch HK33
(as L101A2)[14]		  Germany Carbine 5.56x45mm
The HK53 version of the HK33 is used by the Special Air Service and the Royal Military Police Close Protection Unit.[25]
Heckler & Koch HK417
(as L2A1)[14]		  Germany Assault rifle 7.62×51mm
Used by the Royal Military Police Close Protection Unit and UKSF.[35] 12, 16 and 20-inch variants are in use.[14]
SIG Sauer MCX  United States Carbine .300 AAC Blackout
The integrally suppressed variant of the SIG-Sauer MCX has been adopted in .300 Blackout by UKSF to replace the MP5SD3s.[36]
M6A2 UCIW  United States Carbine 5.56x45mm
The M6A2 UCIW (Ultra Compact Individual Weapon) model of the LWRC M6 has been adopted by the UK Special Forces, apparently intended for use by UKSF dog handlers, team leaders, signallers and for use in vehicles and whilst conducting covert reconnaissance and close protection. The weapon is often fielded with a SureFire suppressor and either Aimpoint Micro or EO Tech optics.[37]

Bladed weapons
Name Origin Type Image Details
L3A1  United Kingdom Socket bayonet The L3A1 bayonet has a hollow handle that fits onto the muzzle of the L85 rifle with the blade offset to the side so that the rifle can be fired while the bayonet is fitted. It is shaped to produce good penetration when thrust and has a ribbed section for rope cutting. The bayonet can be used as a knife when needed. The L3A1's scabbard features a saw blade for use on wood, a sharpening stone and a bottle opener. The scabbard and bayonet can be combined to form a wire cutter.[38][39][40][41] A rail-mounted adaptor was developed to allow the bayonet to be used with the L129A1 Sharpshooter Rifle.[42]
Kukri    Nepal Knife The Kukri is in service with the Brigade of Gurkhas in the British Army. Every Gurkha soldier is provided with one from which he is never separated. [43]

Long range rifles
Name Origin Type Cartridge Image Details
L115A3, L115A4  United Kingdom Long range rifle 8.6x70 mm (.338 Lapua Magnum)
Primary precision rifle for British Armed Forces snipers. It is equipped with a 25x scope, a suppressor, a folding stock, a five-round .338 Lapua Magnum magazine and

has an effective range in excess of 1,100m.[44] An updated L115A1, the L115A3 entered service with British forces in 2008. The A3 features a detachable sound suppressor, all-weather day sights with improved magnification, as well as the provision for mounting night sights. Special Forces users of the L115A3 had a requirement to fire a 300 grain bullet - heavier than the 250 grain earlier L115s were built for - which resulted in AI developing the A4 model. It features a lengthened magazine and magazine well that can accommodate a 300 grain round.

Corporal of Horse Craig Harrison currently holds the record for the fourth longest recorded sniper shot in history at 2,475 meters (2,707 yd) with this rifle.

AI AX50  United Kingdom Long range rifle 12.7x99 mm Long range standalone .50 BMG anti-material rifle that is based on and replaced the AW50.[45]
L135A1 (Barrett M82)  United States Anti-materiel rifle 12.7x99 mm Recoil-operated, semi-automatic anti-material rifle. The British Army uses the M82A1 under the L135A1 Long Range Precision Anti-Structure (LRPAS) Rifle designation.[46][14]

Submachine guns
Name Origin Type Cartridge Image Details
L92A1
L91A1
L80A1, L90A1		  Germany Submachine gun 9×19mm

Used by UKSF and the Royal Military Police Close Protection Unit.[47] The weapon comes in multiple variants from the standard L92A1 (MP5A3) and the integrally-suppressed L91A1 (MP5SD3) to the more easily concealable L80A1 (MP5K) and L90A1 (MP5KA1) which are stockless and have vertical foregrips.

The weapons no longer see extensive use but are retained for hostage rescue operations in non-hostile environments since their 9x19mm ammunition is less likely to ricochet or over-penetrate.[48]

Machine guns
Name Origin Type Cartridge Image Details
L7A2  Belgium General-purpose machine gun 7.62×51 mm The designated general purpose machine gun (GPMG) for sustained fire out to 1,800 m. It is used by two-man teams in specialised machine gun platoons for battalion-level fire support;[49] it can also be carried by foot soldiers and was reinstated as the standard section machine gun following the removal of the L110A3 from service.[5] Variants of the GPMG are mounted on most ground vehicles within the British Army as well as some helicopters.[50] Having been historically produced by RSAF Enfield and then by Manroy Engineering (now FN Herstal UK),[51] current production is undertaken by Heckler & Koch.[52]
L1A2, L111A1  United States Heavy machine gun 12.7x99 mm The L1A2[53] and L111A1 are the British Armed Forces versions of the American M2 Browning. It can be attached to both armoured and soft-skin vehicles, or a ground-mount tripod. The weapon fires .50 calibre rounds at a rate of 485-635 rounds-per-minute out to an effective range of 2,000 metres.[54]

Shotguns
Name Origin Type Cartridge Image Details
L128A1[55][56]  Italy Semi-automatic shotgun 12 bore Standard issue combat shotgun used in certain scenarios such as compound clearing, by an infantry section's point man.

The L128A1 has a capacity of eight rounds and a maximum effective range of 140 m (460 ft) for solid shot and 40 m (130 ft) for buckshot.[6]

L74A1, L74A2[14]  United States Pump-action shotgun 12 bore Used by UKSF as a breaching shotgun.[57]

Grenade launchers
Name Origin Type Cartridge Image Details
L123A2, L123A3, L17A1  Germany Underslung grenade launcher 40×46 mm Variant of the AG36 grenade launcher introduced during the SA80A2 upgrade and issued on a scale of two per infantry section.[4][5] [58][59]

Ammunition natures used include fragmentation, HEDP, white illuminating parachute, infra-red illuminating parachute, and red phosphorus.[39][41][60]

The L17A1 version is used with the L119A1/A2 rifles.[61]

L134A1  Germany Grenade machine gun 40×53 mm
The L134A1 is used for the suppression of enemy infantry and can be mounted on both armoured vehicles and tripods. It combines the advantages of a HMG and a mortar in one; delivering a high rate of fire with fragmentation effect. The weapon has a 320rpm rate of fire and an effective range of 1,500 m (4,900 ft)-2,000 m (6,600 ft).[62]

Explosives
Name Origin Type Detonation Image Details
L83A1/A2, L132A1  United Kingdom Smoke screening hand grenade Fuse Used for concealing unit movements when executing manoeuvres or withdrawing.[63]
L84A3[7]  Germany Red phosphorus smoke screening hand grenade Fuse Red phosphorus smoke grenade which is effective against visual sight and aiming equipment, night-vision devices, sensors operating in the near IR-spectrum and laser range finders.[64]
L68A1 Green, L69A1 Orange, L70A1 Red, L71A1 Blue, L100A1 Yellow, L101A1 Purple, L152A1 Green, L153A1 Orange, L154A1 Red, L155A1 Yellow, L157A1 Purple, L158A1 Turquoise  United Kingdom Signal smoke hand grenade Fuse Used for ground-to-ground and ground-to-air signalling and for marking target and landing zones.[63]
PE7, PE8  United Kingdom Plastic explosive (RDX-based) Detonator
Replacements for the long-serving PE4 plastic explosive which had been rendered obsolete by new taggant requirements and by technical limitations associated with it being predominantly issued in stick form.[65] PE7 was developed from Eurenco's HEXOMAX explosive[66] and is available in 500g block (L20A1) and 2 kg slab (L21A1) forms.[67][68] PE8 was developed by Chemring and is available in 2 kg slab (L22A1) form only.[69] Both PE7 and PE8 slabs are issued in a 20 kg logistic pack containing two 10 kg bulk packs that have five 2 kg slabs each, with the 10 kg packs being capable of use for demolitions as a complete unit; the 2 kg slabs themselves contain four 500g blocks (designated L23A1 in the case of PE8 slabs) that can be removed and used individually.[70][71]
L1A1[69]  United Kingdom Conical and linear user filled demolition charges Detonator User-filled plastic explosive containers that have replaced pre-prepared demolition charge variants in British service due to their lower cost (both in terms of acquisition and in terms of storage since unfilled containers can be stored indefinitely[72][73] while charges such as the L1A1 Necklace Charge had a shelf life of ten years[74]) and their improved safety and ease of use.[75] Both containers consist of a plastic body with a copper lining (with the conical container also including four wooden legs for an adequate standoff distance) and can be used in wet conditions without any reduction in effectiveness unless a body of water is present between the underside of the copper lining and the target; the conical container is filled with 12 kg of PE8 prior to deployment and produces a hole in the target,[76][72] while the linear container is filled with 8 kg of PE8 and produces a linear cut in the target.[77][73]
L23A1[78]  United Kingdom Plastic explosive (RDX-based) Detonator Sheet-shaped plastic explosive. The DPX9 composition provides a high level of end-user safety without reducing performance in metal cutting and other tasks.[79]
L26A1[80]  United Kingdom Bangalore torpedo demolition charge Detonator The L26A1 was chosen to fulfill a MOD requirement for an improved bangalore torpedo design, and is lighter and easier to use than its predecessors.

The torpedo consists of an aluminium body filled with two kilograms of DPX1 explosive; detonation produces enhanced blast and fragmentation effects which in turn provide an enhanced cutting capability against both simple and complex wire entanglements. The L26A1 is also capable of cutting through up to six millimetres of steel plating. Up to eight L26A1s can be combined with one another, with the resulting assembly capable of defeating obstacles that are up to eight metres in length.[81][82][83]

L9A8, L17A1, L18A1[84]  United Kingdom HE blast anti-tank mine, demolition charge (improvised) Pressure or detonator Primary anti-tank mine. During the Gulf War, it was found to be highly resistant to mine ploughs, simply rotating under it to detonate below the vehicle, disabling some M60 tanks of the USMC after Iraq captured L9s from the Kuwaiti Army.[85] During Operation Herrick, barmines were split in half for use as improvised demolition charges.[86]
L109A2[87]  Switzerland HE hand grenade Fuse
British version of the Swiss HG 85 Grenade. It differs from the original in that it has a matte black safety clip similar to the American M67 grenade. It has a 3–4 second fuse delay (climate dependent), contains 155g of high explosive and has an effective casualty radius of 15 m (49 ft).[88]
M18A1 Anti-Personnel Mine[89]  United States Command-detonated anti-personnel mine Remote Used for specialist and defensive purposes.[90] The Claymore fires steel balls out to about 100 m (110 yd) within a 60° arc in front of the device. It is used primarily in ambushes and as an anti-infiltration device against enemy infantry. It is also used against unarmored vehicles.

Indirect fire weapons
Name Origin Type Calibre Image Details
L16A2 81mm Mortar  United Kingdom Mortar 81 mm Operated by a three-man team. It is often vehicle-borne; in mechanised infantry battalions it is mounted and fired from a Bulldog armoured vehicle.[91] Around 470 are in service.[92]

Portable anti-material weapons
Name Origin Type Warhead Image Details
NLAW  United Kingdom /  Sweden Anti-tank weapon 150 mm
Man-portable, short range fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile system designed for non-expert use. It is designed to "rapidly knock out any main battle tank in just one shot by striking it from above".[93]
Javelin  United States Anti-tank weapon 127 mm Man-portable medium range anti-tank missile system. It fires a high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead and can penetrate explosive reactive armour.

The Javelin has several modes of flight including direct and an overfly-top-attack mode in which the missile arcs high then flies down onto the top of the target, thus getting around the heavy front armour of modern tanks. Javelin warheads are also highly effective at taking out buildings, bunkers and fixed positions. The Javelin warhead is a 'tandem' configuration : the first shaped charge is designed to penetrate the target's outer defenses, such as reactive armour, whilst the second goes on to do further damage.[94]

Carl Gustaf M4  Sweden Anti-structure Anti-tank 84 mm Launchers and training, anti-structure, and anti-tank rounds purchased in order to replenish munition stocks following the constant supplying of NLAW and MATADOR weapons to Ukraine.[95]
MATADOR-AS  Israel Anti-structure weapon 90 mm Disposable, man-portable guided anti-structure weapon. It is designed to destroy hardened structures, such as bunkers, buildings and other fixed positions.[96]
L1A2, L2A1 ILAW  Sweden Anti-tank weapon 84 mm AT4 CS HP (L1A2) and HE (L2A1) projectiles were purchased as an interim replacement for the LAW 80 in the infantry while the NLAW system was being developed.[97][98]

The AT4 CS variant is still in use for urban warfare applications.[99]

Starstreak  United Kingdom MANPADS 3 darts of 22 mm Alongside the LML and Stormer mounted versions, the Royal Artillery also use a shoulder-mounted, man-portable version of the Starstreak missile.[100]

After launch, the missile accelerates to more than Mach 4, making it the fastest short-range surface-to-air missile in existence. It then launches three laser beam-riding submunitions, increasing the likelihood of a successful hit on the target.

Martlet  United Kingdom Multi-role missile 76 mm Uses the same launchers as the Starstreak missile while being intended for use against a wider range of targets.[101][102]

Personal equipment
4 SCOTS soldier with standard personal kit as of 2011. The kit includes an MTP uniform consisting of an under-body-armour combat shirt and trousers, a Mk 7 helmet with MTP cover, ballistic eye protection, Mk 4 Osprey body armour with pouches, an L85A2 with ACOG scope and railed handguard, pelvic protection, and knee pads. A rucksack with hydration bladder is visible to the soldier's left.

Helmet

Many soldiers are now equipped with the new Virtus helmet (Revision Batlskin Cobra Plus[103]) which provides increased blunt impact protection, has a lighter weight than the preceding Mk7, can be fitted with face and mandible guards for certain roles, is specially shaped to allow effective weapon usage while in a prone position and wearing body armour, and features a permanent universal night vision mount and a scalable counterweight attached to the helmet's rear in order to ease strain on the user's neck while a night vision device is equipped.[104][105]

Prior to this, the standard helmet in service was the Mk7 which replaced the older Mk6 and Mk6A helmets on operations. The Mk7 helmet offered the same protection as the Mk6A but had a lower weight and was equipped with a new harness that kept the helmet more stable on the head when night vision equipment was fitted. The shape of the helmet was better integrated with new weapon sights compared to the Mk6A, making it easier to use in a variety of fighting positions.[106][107] All helmets allow the soldier to wear a respirator, hearing protection, goggles and/or a radio headset as necessary.[106]

84,000 Mk7 helmets were donated to the Ukrainian military in 2022.[108]

Combat Body Armour

The British Army utilises three combat body armour systems. Enhanced Combat Body Armour (ECBA), a soft body armour vest that was first introduced in the 1980s and can be augmented with hard armour plates,[109][110][111] was used on operations until the introduction of the Osprey body armour series in 2006 and was then relegated to training activities for which it remains in use.

Soldier in CRBN equipment modelling the currently issued Virtus helmet and vest; he also wears the General Service Respirator issued since 2010

Osprey body armour has mostly been replaced by the Scalable Tactical Vest component of Virtus body armour, which is even lighter and closer-fitting and can have its level of protection more closely scaled to the prevailing threat type.

The vest also features a quick-release mechanism to aid safe extraction from hazardous situations such as burning vehicles or drowning and a dynamic weight distribution system which, when linked to a soldier's waist belt, aids in spreading the soldier's load across the back, shoulders, and hips; a mechanism in the small of the back allows the wearer to adjust the weight bias depending on the situation.[104][105]

Ancillary to regular body armour is a three-tier pelvic armour system issued since 2010 to mitigate against shrapnel and other blast effects. The first layer is a pair of underwear shorts manufactured from a ballistic silk material. The second layer consists of detachable pelvic body armour that is intended to be worn while 'outside the wire' to meet the greater threats faced by soldiers on patrol; it can be rolled up and clipped to a belt and then pulled through the legs to form a protective pouch, ensuring that mobility is not impeded while worn. The third layer consists of knee-length ballistic shorts worn over a soldier's combat trousers, offering coverage of the upper leg and wider abdominal region and designed for use by soldiers operating hand-held metal detectors to search for explosive devices or otherwise serving in a combat role where greater levels of protection are required.[112][113]

8,450 sets of Osprey body armour were donated to the Ukrainian military in 2022.[114]

Respirator
Main article: General Service Respirator

By January 2015, over 300,000 General Service Respirators had been delivered to replace the older S10 respirator.[115]

Features which differentiate it from the S10 which it replaced are:

  • Twin filter canisters (can be changed more easily while in a CBRN environment)
  • Single visor (better visibility and reduces the claustrophobic effect)
  • Improved drinking system (water can be passed through the system at a higher rate)
  • Ability to convert to EU standard canisters with a simple modification

These respirators are also used by the rest of the British Armed Forces.

Uniforms
Main articles: Uniforms of the British Army and Multi-Terrain Pattern

The multi-terrain pattern (MTP) combat clothing is designed to blend with the range of environments such as woodland, jungle, compounds, crops, grassland and arid stone. This change to the British camouflage pattern was the first in 40 years.

Troops on operations are issued with innovative bacteria-zapping socks - which are completely waterproof. The knee length socks help to keep troops' feet dry when they are wading through ditches and streams. To keep feet hygienic, they have antimicrobial properties similar to those found in medical dressings. They are also superior to conventional socks, keeping feet warmer during the winter months.

Boots
Soldier modelling the currently issued brown boots.

In 2012, the MOD purchased a newly designed range of brown combat boots from Haix,[116] Alt-Berg,[117] and other manufacturers for the Army, Royal Marines and RAF to replace the black and desert combat footwear previously worn. Five different types of boots, developed to match the Multi-Terrain Pattern uniform, are available to Armed Forces personnel depending on where they are based and what role they are in. Each of the five types comes in two different styles, with personnel being able to wear the particular style they find most comfortable. Black boots have been retained for wear with most non-camouflage uniforms as well as units on parade in full dress uniform, such as regiments performing ceremonial duties in central London.[118][119]

  • Desert Combat – worn by dismounted troops conducting medium to high levels of activity in desert type environments with temperatures exceeding 40 °C
  • Desert Patrol – worn by drivers/armoured troops conducting lower levels of activity in desert type environments exceeding 40 °C
  • Temperate Combat – worn by dismounted troops for medium to high levels of activity in temperate (European) climates
  • Patrol – worn by mounted troops (drivers/armoured troops) taking part in lower levels of activity in temperate (European) climates
  • Cold Wet Weather – worn by dismounted troops for medium to high levels of activity in temperatures down to −20 °C.

The Italian manufacturer AKU now supply their Pilgrim GTX model as an option for a high liability boot alongside Altberg. The Pilgrim GTX Combat Boots are a true multi-purpose highly breathable boot with outstanding support, stability and impact absorption. Thanks to these features, Pilgrim GTX Combat offers great stability for demanding and dynamic conditions. [120]

Personal Role Radio
Main article: Personal Role Radio

A Personal Role Radio (PRR) is distributed to every member of an eight-strong infantry section.[11]

Load carrying equipment
Main articles: Personal Load Carrying Equipment and MOLLE
Soldier with Personal Load Carrying Equipment during a 2021 exercise.
3 PARA soldiers during 2020's Askari Storm exercise; While both soldiers wear Virtus vests, one also wears commercial PLCE-based webbing while the other wears MOLLE pouches configured into belt webbing.

Personal Load Carrying Equipment (PLCE), officially known as 95 Pattern Webbing,[109] is the current non-MOLLE webbing system used to carry ammunition, food and water, protective equipment, and other individual supplies. The webbing consists of a belt, a yoke harness, and various belt pouches, as well as two daysacks for use with the Combat Order; these can be attached to a larger 'Bergen' rucksack for use with the Marching Order. Associated with PLCE is a series of similar load carrying equipment and rucksacks.[121]

PLCE webbing is capable of holding everything that a soldier needs to operate for 24 hours without resupply in its Fighting Order, for up to 48 hours without resupply in its Combat or Patrol Order and for up to two weeks without resupply in its Marching Order.[122]

The Osprey body armour series, the later Virtus scalable tactical vest, and various items associated with either system such as rucksacks all feature MOLLE loops for direct attachment of load carrying pouches, thus obviating the need for and mostly supplanting the earlier PLCE webbing.[106][105][123][124] However, PLCE sets have been manufactured in the newer MTP camouflage pattern, and both this webbing and earlier DPM webbing (due to basic durability and the quantity produced) continues to see occasional usage during training exercises and, more rarely, on operations.[125][126][127][128][129][130]

Future Integrated Soldier Technology
Main article: Future Integrated Soldier Technology

The Future Integrated Soldier Technology (FIST) is a programme under development by the Ministry of Defence. The programme is designed to achieve enhanced military effect through the use of advanced technologies improving the situational awareness, lethality and survivability of soldiers. Ultimately, the programme is part of the wider British Armed Forces doctrine of network-enabled capability. 35,000 sets of kit are expected to be bought and issued between 2015 and 2020.

This equipment is designed to bring the British infantryman up to standards and link with new technology currently employed, including the new underslung grenade launcher for the SA80 and the deployed Bowman communications network. It is not intended that every soldier be equipped with FIST: instead, unit commanders will request FIST kits as necessary so that they can be tailored to the situation and mission aims.

Vehicles
Challenger 2, Warrior, AS90, MLRS and Stormer of 1 YORKS battlegroup

Armoured
Name Origin Type Number Image Details
Challenger 2  United Kingdom Main battle tank 227[131]
Challenger 2
 Equips three Regular and one Yeomanry (reserve) Armoured Regiments of the Royal Armoured Corps.[132]

To be reduced to 148 upgraded Challenger 3 models by 2027.[133][134]

Ajax  United Kingdom Armoured fighting vehicle 26[131]
Ajax
 Ajax is the Army’s new armoured fighting vehicle programme and has replaced the Army’s fleet of CVR(T) tracked reconnaissance vehicles and variants.[135]

There are six variants in the Ajax family, all based upon a common base platform; Ajax, Athena, Ares, Apollo, Atlas, Argus. [136]

Ajax family variants will be used by the Armoured Cavalry and Armoured Reconnaissance , Royal Artillery fire support teams, armoured Royal Engineers units, and armoured REME units. [136]

AJAX is the first British vehicle to be fitted with the jointly (UK &FR) developed Case Telescoped 40mm Cannon (CT-40 Cannon). [137]

To be increased to 589 vehicles by 2029.[138]

Warrior  United Kingdom Infantry fighting vehicle 721[131]
Equips the battalions of Armoured Infantry in 3rd (UK) Division.

The Royal Armoured Corps Armoured Cavalry regiments are now using it as a stopgap for combat reconnaisance before the Ajax vehicles reach Initial Operating Capability between July and December 2025, since the retirement of CVR(T) Scimitar.[139]

A small number are also used by the Royal Artillery for command and observation, and by the REME for recovery and repair.[140]

The vehicle is to be gradually phased out and replaced by Boxer.[141]

Bulldog  United Kingdom Armoured personnel carrier 801[131][142]
FV 430 variants remain in service with the Infantry primarily as 81mm mortar carriers.

Three Royal Army Medical Corps regiments; 1 Armoured Medical Regiment, 4 Armoured Medical Regiment and 5 Armoured Medical Regiment use an ambulance variant.[143]

Bulldog will be replaced by a yet to be determined platform with procurement activity starting in 2025.[144]

Mastiff  United States
 Protected mobility vehicle 387[131]
Mastiff is a heavily armoured 6×6-wheel drive patrol vehicle which carries eight troops, plus two crew, and is fitted with electronic countermeasures and bowman radios.[145]

Ridgeback is a 4×4-wheel drive protected patrol variant of the Mastiff, and provides protected mobility in urban and urban-fringe environments. It comes in three variants: battlefield ambulance, command variant and troop carrying vehicles.[145]

The 6×6 Wolfhound is a protected tactical support variant of the Mastiff and is used to accompany front line patrols and carry essential combat supplies such as water and ammunition.[146]

These vehicles primarily support the Heavy Mechanised Infantry battalions of 3rd (UK) Division and can be equipped with either a 12.7mm heavy machine gun or a 40mm grenade machine gun.[147]

Ridgeback 164[131]
Wolfhound 99[131]
Jackal 2  United Kingdom Protected mobility vehicle 431[131]
The 4×4 Jackal 2 equips the Light Cavalry regiments of the Royal Armoured Corps, aswell as the Light Recce Strike Infantry. [148] The vehicle is an ideal platform for reconnaissance, rapid assault, fire support and convoy protection. The vehicle has a crew of two plus one and a range of 800 km, and has a special air-bag suspension system that allows rapid movement of the vehicle across varying terrain.[149]

Armament includes a 7.62mm general-purpose machine gun (GPMG) and either a .50-calibre heavy machine gun (HMG) or grenade machine gun (GMG) as the main weapon system.[149]

The 6×6 Coyote is a tactical support variant (TSV) of the Jackal, that allows transportation of supplies and equipment over similar terrain, up to 1.5 tonnes. The Coyote carries an extra crew member than the Jackal 2, and offers similar protection systems, armament and propulsion.[150][149]

Coyote 72[131]
Foxhound  United Kingdom Protected mobility vehicle 398[131]
Foxhound
 Equips the battalions of Light and Light Mechanised Infantry in 1st (UK) Division and 16 Air Assault Brigade Combat Team[148], plus resident battalions in Cyprus.[151]

Being lighter and smaller than other protected vehicles, Foxhound brings a whole new capability to the Army. It has a top speed of 70 mph but can still protect against improvised explosive devices thanks to its v-shaped hull.[152]

RWMIK Land Rover  United Kingdom Protected mobility vehicle 371[153] RWMIK Land Rover The Revised Weapons Mounted Installation Kit primarily equips three Yeomanry (reserve) Light Cavalry Regiments of the Royal Armoured Corps.

All Yeomanry light cavalry regiments are currently undergoing transition from Land Rover RWMIK, to Jackal and Coyote TSV. [154] [155]

TPz Fuchs  Germany CBRN reconnaissance 11[156]
Equips Falcon Squadron, 28 Engineer Regiment (C-CRBN), but is manned by soldiers of the Royal Tank Regiment.[157]

As part of an overall £16m UK MOD contract awarded to RBSL in October 2020 to upgrade and sustain the British Army’s fleet of Fuchs vehicles, Supacat is conducting the physical integration of the latest chemical, biological, nuclear and radiological sensing equipment, RBSL having completed the engineering work required to upgrade the CBRN vehicles.[158]

Artillery and air-defence
Name Origin Type Number Image Details
L118 Light Gun  United Kingdom Towed howitzer 126[131]
The L118 Light Gun is used by these field artillery regiments:

3rd Regiment RHA (Set to re-role in 2023 to the MLRS), 1st Regiment RHA, 4th Regiment RA, 7th Parachute Regiment RHA, 29th Commando Regiment RA, 103rd Regiment RA, 104th Regiment RA, 105th Regiment RA.

It can be towed by a medium-weight vehicle (such as a Pinzgauer) or carried around the battlefield underslung by the RAF's Chinook helicopters.[159]

AS-90  United Kingdom Self-propelled artillery 89[131]
The L131 AS-90 is a 155mm self-propelled howitzer and is the largest piece of field artillery in the British Army. The L131 is operated by two field artillery regiments: 1st Regiment Royal Horse Artillery, 19th Regiment Royal Artillery.[160]
BAE Archer  Sweden Self-propelled artillery 14[161][162] Deal with Sweden announced on 16 March 2023 to replace part of the 32 AS-90 transferred to Ukraine. The ownership is to be transferred before the end of March 2023, and it will be operational from April 2023.

It is announced as an interim replacement before a decision is made regarding the replacement program of the AS-90 that should take place before 2030.[161]

MLRS  United States Rocket artillery 44[131] GMLRS The Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System (GMLRS).

To be upgraded to use the Guided MLRS Extended Range (GMLRS-ER) missile and the Precision Strike Missile (PrSM) by 2025, which have ranges of 150 km (93.21 mi) and 499 km (310.06 mi), respectively.[163]

Operated by the 26th Regiment Royal Artillery, and the 101st Regiment (Reserve) Royal Artillery.[164]

Sky Sabre  United Kingdom Surface-to-air missile system Sky Sabre is the Army's version of the Common Anti-Aircraft Modular Missile (CAMM), Sky Sabre became operational in January 2022. The system has over three times the range of its predecessor Rapier. The system can control 24 missiles simultaneously and guide them to intercept 24 separate targets. [165]

This system consists of Land Ceptor missiles, SAAB Giraffe AMB radars and Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Modular Integrated C4I Air & Missile Defense System (MIC4AD), all mounted on MAN trucks.[166]

Operated by 16th Regiment Royal Artillery.[167]

MAMBA  Sweden Counter-battery radar
It detects enemy artillery projectiles fired by one or more weapons and from their trajectories locates the position of the weapon that fired it. It has a detection range of up to 30 km and can process up-to 100 projectiles simultaneously. It is mounted on a Bandvagn 206 (Bv206) all-terrain vehicle.

Operated by 5th Regiment Royal Artillery.[168]

Starstreak SP HVM  United Kingdom Surface-to-air missile system 62[156]
The Starstreak SP HVM is mounted on the Alvis Stormer AFV with an 8-round launcher and internal stowage for a further 12 missiles. The Starstreak HVM (High Velocity Missile) is designed to counter threats from very high performance, low-flying aircraft and fast 'pop up' strikes by helicopters.[169]

Operated by 12th Regiment Royal Artillery and 106th Regiment (Reserve) Royal Artillery.[170][171]

Starstreak LML  United Kingdom Surface-to-air missile system 145[156]
The Starstreak Lightweight Multiple Launcher (LML) is a short-range, highly mobile air defence system that holds three missiles ready for firing and can be used as either a stationary launch unit or mounted on a light vehicle, such as a Land Rover. Starstreak can also be used as a surface attack weapon, capable of penetrating the frontal armour of IFV's.[169]

Operated by 12th Regiment Royal Artillery and 106th Regiment (Reserve) Royal Artillery.[171][170]

EXACTOR 2  Israel Guided missile
Rafael’s Exactor 2 is a new breed of long-range precision-guided weapon that can successfully engage targets at 25-30 kilometres.

The system can be operated automatically, which means that the missile independently guides itself to the selected target without interference (fire-and-forget) or it can be controlled by a human operator (man-in-the-loop) which enables manual control of the missile. [172]

Operated by 26th Regiment Royal Artillery.[173]

Engineering and logistics
Name Origin Type Number Image Details
Trojan  United Kingdom Assault breacher vehicle 32[131]
Trojan is based on the Challenger 2 chassis and is designed to breach through enemy defences, such as walls or fortifications, and clear paths through minefields. The Trojan is equipped with the Python Minefield Breaching System.[174]
Titan  United Kingdom Armoured vehicle-launched bridge 33[131]
The Titan is an armoured bridge launcher based on the Challenger 2 chassis with the capability to deploy a bridge up to 60 meters long.[175]
Terrier  United Kingdom Combat engineering vehicle 56[131]
Terrier
 Provides mobility support (obstacle and route clearance), counter-mobility (digging of anti-tank ditches and other obstacles) and survivability (digging of trenches and Armoured Fighting Vehicle slots).[176]
CRARRV  United Kingdom Armoured recovery vehicle 75[153]
CRARRV
 Based on the Challenger 1 chassis and is designed to recover and repair damaged or incapacitated Challenger 2 tanks.[177]

An unspecified number of CRARRVs have been donated to Ukraine alongside a squadron of Challenger 2 tanks in 2023. [178]

Operated by Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers.

Oshkosh HET  United States Heavy equipment transporter 182 [131]
The Oshkosh HET 1070F is the Heavy Equipment Transporter (HET) of the British Army. The Heavy Equipment Transporters are capable of carrying a 72-tonne Main Battle Tank and are responsible for the strategic transportation of armoured vehicles over land.[179]

Operated solely by 19 Tank Transporter Squadron, RLC.

MTVR  United States Close support tanker 354[180]
The Oshkosh Wheeled Tanker forms the backbone of the British Army's bulk fuel and water transportation. The Tanker can be fitted with enhanced blast-proof armour for driver protection and General Purpose Machine Guns.[179]
Alvis Unipower  United Kingdom Tank bridge transporter 139[153]
Tank bridge transporter
 The Tank bridge transporter (TBT) has the same cross-country performance as a tank even when fully loaded. It can carry a No 10 Bridge or 2 × No 12 Bridges (Close Support Bridge) of the BR90 family of bridges. It can deploy, drop off and load bridges independently, but it cannot recover them.[181]
M3 Amphibious Rig  Germany Amphibious bridging vehicle 27[131]
M3 Amphibious Rig
 The M3 Amphibious Rigs are vehicles operated by a 3-man crew. The M3 Rigs can drive into the water, open up and join together to create a bridge of varying length. A 100m bridge can be constructed using 8 rigs.[182]

Operated by 23 Amphibious Engineer Squadron, RE, based in Sennelager, Germany.

MAN SV  Germany Support vehicle 6781[131]
MAN
 The MAN family of support vehicles have gradually replaced all previous cargo vehicles currently in service. Consisting of 6/9/15 tonne variants, 4x4/6x6/8x8 retrospective. They have good mobility and the ability to be fitted with armour and General Purpose Machine Guns.[183]

A total of 382 vehicles were converted in to EPLS Mk.3 systems.[184]

EPLS Mk.3  Germany Support vehicle 382
The Enhanced Pallet Load System (EPLS) is based on the 15-tonne SV variant. It is fitted with additional armour packs to protect crew from ballistic and blast threat and forms the logistic backbone of the British Army.

It is a load carrier with a 15-tonne flatrack payload, allowing the rapid loading and unloading of flatracks or 20 ft ISO containers.

Pinzgauer  Austria Support vehicle 190
Pinzgauer
 The Pinzgauer is a 4×4 and 6×6 tactical support vehicle used by the Royal Artillery and Royal Horse Artillery to tow artillery pieces, such as the L118 light gun.

Miscellaneous
Name Origin Type Number Image Details
Land Rover Wolf  United Kingdom Utility vehicle 6609[131]
The Land Rover Wolf is a militarised version of the Land Rover Defender. They can be found in service with the British Army worldwide, and can be armed with one 12.7mm Heavy Machine Gun and a 7.62mm General Purpose Machine Gun.

The Land Rover Wolf is designated as a Truck Utility Light (TUL – Defender 90) and Medium (TUM – Defender 110).

Land Rover Battle Field Ambulance (BFA)  United Kingdom Battlefield ambulance 116[153]
Land Rover Pulse
 The Land Rover Pulse battlefield ambulance has full medical facilities with the capacity to hold up to six seated casualties or four casualties on stretchers. The vehicle can be airlifted.[185]
Dragon Runner  United Kingdom Explosive ordnance disposal
Dragon Runner is a lightweight, back-packable, multi-terrain robot capable of detecting a variety of devices without putting the operator in harm's way, which helps bomb disposal experts find and deactivate improvised explosive devices (IEDs). [186]
L3Harris T7 EOD  United States Explosive ordnance disposal 122 The T7 EOD UGV is equipped with high-definition cameras, lightning-fast datalinks, an adjustable manipulation arm, and tough all-terrain treads, allowing them to neutralise a wide range of explosive threats.

The T7 replaces the previously used Wheelbarrow Mk8B.[187] The robot is purpose-built to operate in extreme conditions and offers support for high-calibre EOD disruptors. Its unique haptic grip controller also provides precision critical to complex tasks, keeping soldiers out of harm’s way, and saving lives.[188][189]

GASKET 3  United Kingdom Explosive ordnance disposal 10
GASKET 3 is the Heavy EOD response vehicle and carries the T7 bomb disposal RCV and bespoke EOD equipment such as the Mk 6 bomb suit, X-ray equipment and other specialist tools. [190]

The GASKET 3 is based on the Mercedes Benz Atego, extensively modified for Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) and electronic countermeasure (ECM) by Cambridge based Marshall Land Systems. [191]

It is used by 11 Explosive Ordnance Disposal and Search (EOD&S) Regiment to provide a nationwide high readiness response capability in support of the police.[192]

C vehicle fleet
Royal Engineers constructing a road in Afghanistan

The job of the Royal Engineers is to restrict the enemy's ability to advance, while also allowing friendly combat forces the freedom to maneuver as necessary. Other tasks undertaken are bomb disposal, the construction of fortifications, runways, roads and bridges and the improvement of existing infrastructure to support operations – such as improving existing roads for logistic convoys. To achieve this, the Royal Engineers operate a large and diverse fleet of vehicles.

At present, the C vehicle fleet is provided by a private finance initiative (PFI) and consists of some 2,500 vehicles of over 160 types of "earthmoving plant, Engineer Construction Plant (ECP) and rough terrain Materials Handling Equipment (MHE)".

The provider of the PFI is Amey Lex Consortium (ALC), which was awarded a 15-year contract in 2005 for £600 million. The handing over of the C vehicle fleet to a PFI has improved overall efficiency, with ALC selecting common chassis for multiple roles and significantly reducing equipment types. This has led to reduced training needs in personnel, commonality of spares and an overall reduction in the logistic footprint and cost of maintenance.[193] ALC maintains the fleet at various degrees of readiness, with a large pool of the vehicles being modified and adapted for military use – however, the majority of the fleet is maintained at commercial standards. The fleet is dispersed worldwide to accommodate both existing and future operations. When in use, the vehicles are essentially being "hired on an ad hoc basis". To help sustain the C vehicle fleet on operations, the PFI includes a logistics support package.[194]

All-terrain vehicles
A Supacat ATMP, kitted out for operations in Afghanistan

There are a number of all-terrain vehicles in service with the British Army.

The Supacat ATMP is a lightweight 6×6 used by 16 Air Assault Brigade Combat Team.[195] It can carry up to 8 troops with a standard NATO pallet of stores and ammunition.

Approximately 900 Grizzly 450 quad bikes are used as light transport for food, water and ammunition to the front line in difficult to access areas or where larger vehicles are not suitable, effectively moving alongside dismounted troops. They also have the ability to evacuate two casualties at a time, thereby speeding up emergency aid.[196]

United Kingdom Special Forces
A Grizzly 450 quad bike in Afghanistan

UKSF maintain a unique fleet of vehicles to support their covert operations.

In 2008, 24 Australian Bushmaster armoured vehicles were purchased under an UOR for the SAS in Iraq, as these provided all-round protection. It is fitted with additional armour, counter-IED electronics, and a .50 calibre machine gun mounted in a RWS.[197][198][199]

In addition, other vehicles known to be in service are:

60 Toyota Hilux for special forces mobility

In August 2016, the BBC reported that the Toyota Land Cruiser-based Jankel Al-Thalab long range patrol vehicle was being used in Syria.[200]

UKSF also operate snowmobiles, motorcycles, dune buggies aswell as the Jackal 2 in use with the rest of the British Armed Forces.

Aircraft
See also: Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)
TypeOriginClassRoleIntroducedIn serviceTotalNotes
Attack helicopters
AgustaWestland Apache AH1United KingdomRotorcraftAttack20044250[201] To be replaced by 50 AH-64E Apache Guardians in 2024[202]
Boeing AH-64E Apache GuardianUnited StatesRotorcraftAttack20201650 on order[203] Total of 50 aircraft are on order to replace the Apache AH1
Patrol helicopters
Airbus H135MGermanyRotorcraftPatrol2022530 on orderProject Matcha, Gazelle replacement [204]
Westland GazelleUnited KingdomRotorcraftPatrol19741417[201] Expected OSD March 2024
Transport helicopters
AgustaWestland AW159 WildcatUnited KingdomRotorcraftUtility20142634[201]
Bell 212CanadaRotorcraftUtility199533[201] Used by No. 25 Flight AAC in Kenya in
support of British Army Training Unit Kenya
Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin IIFranceRotorcraftSAS200966Six aircraft are in use with No. 658 Squadron AAC in support of 22 SAS
UAV
Thales Watchkeeper WK450United KingdomUAVISR20141347[201]
Desert Hawk IIIUnited StatesUAVISR2005229229[201]

Watercraft

Raiding Craft
Main articles: Rigid Raider and Inflatable Raiding Craft

The Rigid Raider is used by the Royal Engineers and is sometimes used in rivers and during amphibious operations, while the Inflatable Raiding Craft, being small and flexible, is also utilised by the Army at times, as a raiding craft to get soldiers quickly across water in small groups, and in other tasks such as flood relief. [205]

SAS Boat Troops also utilise these raiding craft, Boat Troop's role covers many aspects of amphibious warfare, although the emphasis is on amphibious insertion/extraction, and demolitions, including attacking ships in harbours with magnetic limpet mines.[206]

An Inflatable Raiding Craft (IRC)

Army Workboat

Four boats in service, [207] operated by 17 Port and Maritime Regiment and 165 Port and Maritime Regiment, Royal Logistic Corps as small tugs and general purpose work-boats in support of amphibious operations. They have a displacement of 48 tonnes and a maximum speed of 10 knots. The Army Workboat can be used as tugs for Mexeflote’s, positioning other pontoon equipment and for handling flexible pipelines. [208] It is also used for assisting with firefighting and the provision of fuel (i.e. fuel being delivered across water.). [205]

Mexeflote

Mexeflote
Main article: Mexeflote

Mexeflotes are amphibious landing craft operated by 17 Port and Maritime Regiment and 165 Port and Maritime Regiment, Royal Logistic Corps for amphibious operations and are designed to deliver both armoured vehicles and material from ship to shore. They are usually deployed on the 16,160 tonne Bay-class landing ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. Mexeflote is a powered raft (two diesel engines), used to move goods and vehicles between ship and shore when a pier is not available. [205]

Combat Support Boat

Both the Royal Engineers and 17 Port and Maritime Regiment and 165 Port and Maritime Regiment, Royal Logistic Corps also make use of the Combat Support Boat since it is capable of being used to support bridging and amphibious operations as well as inland water patrolling and ship-to-shore resupply (it can carry 2 tonnes of cargo or 12 personnel) and diving operations. It is also relatively quick, with a top speed of 30 knots. [209]

Future equipment
Ajax Scout SV
Boxer being showcased for the British Army's Mechanised Infantry Vehicle (MIV) requirement.
'Future Protected Vehicle' – concept
  • The Future Integrated Soldier Technology is a suite of equipment capable of enhancing an infantryman's effectiveness as part of the Future Soldier program.[210]
  • The Scout SV known as "Ajax" in British service and its variants have been chosen to replace the CVR(T) family of vehicles. Ajax was due to go operational in 2019, however the first were delivered in early 2021. Issues had arisen around the Ajax platform and the project is currently back on track and in a testing programme.[211]
  • The MoD has a requirement for a new multi role vehicle under the Multi Role Vehicle-Protected. At DSEI 2015 General Dynamics UK announced that they would offer variants of their Ocelot (Foxhound) and Eagle vehicles for the requirement.[212][213] In July 2017, the US DSCA notified the US Congress of a possible sale of 2,747 JLTV vehicles and accessories to the UK.[214] As of Oct 2019 no decision had been made.
  • On 5 November 2019, it was announced that a £2.8 billion deal for 500 Boxer armoured vehicles had been signed. Deliveries would start in 2023. The 8x8 wheeled armoured fighting vehicle will replace the Mastiff, Wolfhound and Ridgeback in British service. This vehicle is intended to equip the 4 "heavy protected mobility" battalions under Army 2020 Refine[215] The modern digitalised armoured vehicle will be made up of four variants: an Infantry Carrier; a Specialist Carrier; a Command Vehicle; and an Ambulance.[216]
  • The British MoD released a Request for Information for the Mobile Fires Platform, a new 155mm self-propelled howitzer to equip the Royal Artillery and support the Armoured Infantry and Strike Brigades.[217]
  • A Prior Information Notice (PIN) was released for a successor to the Mobile Artillery Monitoring Battlefield Radar (MAMBA), Advanced Sound-ranging Post (ASP) and Counter-battery radar, all which will reach their out-out-service date in 2026.[218]
  • In July 2019, the UK issued a PIN notice for Directed Energy Weapon (DEW) demonstrators which could be mounted on Army vehicles.[219]
  • A Robotic Platoon Vehicle (RPV) was pitched at DSEI 2019.[220]
  • In July 2021, a requirement for Colt Canada C8 rifles to serve as an Alternative Individual Weapon (AIW) System for the new Army Special Operations Brigade was issued.[221]
  • The Parachute Regiment began trialling the Sur-Ron Firefly electric motorcycle in 2021, "for recce, infiltration, but also for communications between positions where you need to pass messages on the man, like we’ve done for hundreds of years, but in a situation where electronic communication is jammed or intercepted. They’re quiet and quick enough that what would take a good couple of hours on foot would take less than half the time on a bike. You’re only going to win the battle quicker.”[222][223]
  • In March 2023, the first ever UK trial of heavy uncrewed ground systems (H-UGVs) took place. Held over two weeks at the Armoured Trials and Development Unit in Bovington, Dorset, the H-UGVs underwent stringent trials to test their effectiveness in battlefield situations. The trial saw three companies selected to take part to showcase their platforms: Elbit with its Robust, Milrem and its Type X, and Rheinmetall with its Wiesel. [224]

See also
Other equipment lists
Related articles

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