List of cryptids

Cryptids are animals that cryptozoologists believe may exist somewhere in the wild, but are not recognized by science. Cryptozoology is a pseudoscience, which primarily looks at anecdotal stories, and other claims rejected by the scientific community. While biologists regularly identify new species following established scientific methodology, cryptozoologists focus on entities mentioned in the folklore record and rumor. Entities that may be considered cryptids by cryptozoologists include Bigfoot, Yeti, the chupacabra, the Jersey Devil, the Loch Ness Monster, and the Mokele-mbembe.

"Cryptids" redirects here. For the upcoming film, see Cryptids (film).

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Scholars have noted that the cryptozoology subculture rejected mainstream approaches from an early date, and that adherents often express hostility to mainstream science. Scholars have studied cryptozoologists and their influence (including the pseudoscience's association with Young Earth creationism),[1][2] noted parallels in cryptozoology and other pseudosciences such as ghost hunting and ufology, and highlighted uncritical media propagation of cryptozoologist claims.

List

Aquatic or semi-aquatic
See also: List of lake monsters
Name Other Names Description Purported Location Depiction
Cadborosaurus[3] Caddy Sea animal Pacific Coast of North America
Champ[4] Champy Lake monster Lake Champlain, North America
Cryptid Whales[5][6] Giglioli's Whale, Rhinoceros dolphin, High-finned sperm whale, Alula whale, Unidentified beaked whales Sea animal Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean
Dobhar-chú[7] Water Hound Extra-large otter-like carnivorous aquatic mammal Ireland
Igopogo Kempenfelt Kelly Lake monster Lake Simcoe, Ontario (Canada)
Isshii Issie Lake monster Japan
Labynkyr Devil[8][9][10] Labynkyrsky Chert Lake monster Oymyakonsky Ulus, Sakha Republic, Russia
Loch Ness Monster[11] Nessie Lake monster Loch Ness, Scotland Sculpture of the Loch Ness monster as a plesiosaurus
Loveland Frog[12] Loveland frogman, Loveland lizard Humanoid frog Loveland, Ohio
Lusca[13] Giant Octopus Blue holes in the Bahamas
Mamlambo Lake monster South Africa
Manipogo Winnipogo Lake monster Lake Manitoba, Canada
Megalodon[13] Otodus megalodon Giant Shark Oceans
Mokele-mbembe[14] Dinosaur (lake, river and/or swamp monster) Republic of the Congo
Ningen[15] Humanoid Subantarctic
Ogopogo[4] N'ha•a•itk, Naitaka Lake monster Lake Okanagan, Canada
Sea serpents[16] Sea animals, dinosaurs All bodies of water
Selma Seljordsormen Lake monster Lake Seljord, Telemark, Norway
Steller's sea ape[17] Sea animal Pacific Ocean

Terrestrial
Name Other names Description Purported location Depiction
Almas[4] Abnauayu, almasty, albasty, bekk-bok,
biabin-guli, golub-yavan, gul-biavan, auli-avan,
kaptar, kra-dhun, ksy-giik, ksy-gyik, ochokochi,
mirygdy, mulen, voita, wind-man, Zana		 Non-human ape or hominid Asia/Caucasus
Amomongo[18] Orang Mawas, Impakta Ape or hominid Negros Occidental, Philippines
Barmanou Barmanu, Big Hairy One Ape or hominid Middle East/Asia
Beast of Bodmin Moor[19] Large felid Cornwall, England
Beast of Exmoor Big cat England
Bigfoot[20] Sasquatch Large and hairy ape-like creature United States and Canada
British big cats[19] Alien big cats (ABCs), phantom cats, mystery cats, English lions,
Beast of Bodmin, Beast of Exmoor		 Carnivorous mammal Great Britain
Bukit Timah Monkey Man[21] BTM, BTMM Forest-dwelling hominid or other primate Singapore
Chuchunya[22] Large hominid Russia
Chupacabra[23] Chupacabras (Spanish for goat-sucker) Puerto Rico (originally),
South and Central America,
Southern North America
Dover Demon[24] Dover, Massachusetts
Fouke Monster[25] Jonesville Monster, Southern Sasquatch, Boggy Creek Monster Hominid or other primate Arkansas, United States
Honey Island Swamp monster[26] Letiche, Tainted Keitre Hominid or other primate Louisiana, United States
Iemisch[27] Iemisch Listai Mix of a Jaguar and Otter Patagonia
Lizard Man of Scape Ore Swamp[28] Lizard Man of Lee County Bipedal South Carolina, United States
Mapinguari[29] Mapinguary Giant Ground Sloth or primate Amazons
Michigan Dogman[30] Humanoid dog Wexford County, Michigan
Minhocão Big Earthworm Caecilian South America
Moa[31] Flightless bird New Zealand
Mongolian death worm Allghoi (or orghoi) khorkhoi Worm-like animal Gobi Desert (Asia)
Monkey-man of Delhi Black Monkey Big black monkey Old Delhi, India
Nandi bear[32] Chemosit, Kerit, Koddoelo, Ngoelo, Ngoloko, Duba Large carnivore Eastern Africa
Nittaewo[33] Nittevo Small hominids Sri Lanka
Queensland Tiger[34] Yarri Large feline Queensland
Skunk ape[35] Stink Ape, Myakka Ape, Myakka Skunk Ape Primate Florida, United States
Thylacine[36] Tasmanian Tiger, Tasmanian Wolf Marsupial Australia, New Guinea
Yeren[37][35] Yiren, Yeh Ren, Chinese Wildman Primate (possible hominin) China
Yeti[38] Abominable Snowman Large and hairy human-like entity, various other descriptions Himalayas (Asia)
Yowie[33] Large and hairy human-like entity, various other descriptions Australia
Zanzibar leopard[39] Large feline Zanzibar

Flying
Name Other names Description Purported location Depiction
Ivory-billed woodpecker[40] Woodpecker Arkansas, Louisiana, and Florida
Jersey Devil[11] Leeds Devil Winged bipedal horse United States, mainly the South Jersey Pine Barrens, as well as other parts of New Jersey and southeastern Pennsylvania
Mothman[41] Winged Man, Bird Man, UFO-Bird, Mason Bird Monster Winged bipedal Mason County, West Virginia, United States
Thunderbird[42][43] Giant bird North America

See also

References
  1. Hill, Sharon A. (2017). Scientifical Americans: The Culture of Amateur Paranormal Researchers. McFarland. p. 66. ISBN 9781476630823.
  2. Card, Jeb J. (2016). "Steampunk Inquiry: A Comparative Vivisection of Discovery Pseudoscience". In Card, Jeb J.; Anderson, David S. (eds.). Lost City, Found Pyramid: Understanding Alternative Archaeologies and Pseudoscientific Practices. University of Alabama Press. p. 32. ISBN 9780817319113. Creationists have embraced cryptozoology and some cryptozoological expeditions are funded by and conducted by creationists hoping to disprove evolution.
  3. Loxton & Prothero 2013, pp. 261–295.
  4. Shermer, Michael; Linse, Pat (November 2002). The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 72. ISBN 9781576076538.
  5. Mörzer Bruyns, W. F. J. (1971). Field guide of whales and dolphins. Rivonverhandeling. Tor. pp. 124–125. ISBN 978-90-70055-09-7
  6. Cetaceans with two dorsal fins
  7. "Ireland's hound of deep - Dobhar Chu". Irish Central News. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  8. Lallanilla, Marc (4 February 2013). "Reports Surface of Monster Lurking in Russian Lake". livescience.com. Live Science. Archived from the original on 29 September 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
  9. "Divers preparing for icy waters of Russia's 'Loch Ness'". siberiantimes.com. The Siberian Times. 5 March 2014. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
  10. "Meet the creature found by divers in Russia's Loch Ness, famed for legends of monsters". siberiantimes.com. The Siberian Times. 21 April 2014. Archived from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
  11. Velasquez, S.J. (31 October 2015). "The monster you should never find". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
  12. Haupt, R. (30 June 2015). "Skeptoid #473: The Loveland Frog". Skeptoid. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
  13. Guimont, Edward (5 October 2021). "The Megalodon: A Monster of the New Mythology". M/C Journal. 24 (5). doi:10.5204/mcj.2793. ISSN 1441-2616. S2CID 241813307.
  14. Loxton & Prothero 2013, pp. 187–188.
  15. Greenland, Felicity; Hayward, Philip (23 September 2020). "Ningen: The generation of media-lore concerning a giant, sub-Antarctic, aquatic humanoid and its relation to Japanese whaling activity" (PDF). Shima: The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures. 14 (1): 133–151. doi:10.21463/shima.14.1.10. hdl:10453/144607. ISSN 1834-6057. S2CID 216324017.
  16. Loxton & Prothero 2013, pp. 228–326.
  17. Nickell, Joe (Winter 2016–2017). "Steller's Sea Ape: Identifying an Eighteenth-Century Cryptid". Skeptical Briefs. Vol. 26, no. 4. Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.
  18. "'Amomongo' frightens villagers in Negros". ABS-CBN News.
  19. "Fantastic Cryptids And Where To Find Them". Forbes. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  20. Loxton & Prothero 2013, pp. 29–70.
  21. "On the hunt for the elusive Bukit Timah Monkey Man". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  22. O'Carroll, Eoin (28 September 2018). "Bigfoot and beyond: Why tales of wild men endure". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  23. Regal, Brian (15 October 2009). Pseudoscience: A Critical Encyclopedia: A Critical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-35508-0.
  24. Sullivan, Mark (29 October 2006). "Decades later, the Dover Demon still haunts". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  25. Dunning, B. (4 March 2014). "Skeptoid #404: The Boggy Creek Monster". Skeptoid. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
  26. Frances, Leary (December 2003). "The Honey Island Swamp Monster: The Development and Maintenance of Folk and Commodified Belief Tradition" (PDF) (Memorial University of Newfoundland): 4–6. Retrieved 18 March 2021. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  27. Gilmore, David D. (2003). Monsters : evil beings, mythical beasts, and all manner of imaginary terrors. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-0322-6. OCLC 802059457.
  28. Laycock, Joseph P. (11 July 2018). "A Search for Mysteries and Monsters in Small Town America". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  29. "Twilight of the mammoths: Ice Age extinctions and the rewilding of America". Choice Reviews Online. 43 (8): 43–4679-43-4679. 1 April 2006. doi:10.5860/choice.43-4679. ISSN 0009-4978.
  30. Hudson, Alison (28 July 2015). "Skeptoid #477: Wag the Dogman". Skeptoid. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  31. kreidler, Marc (26 May 2017). "The New Zealand Moa: From Extinct Bird to Cryptid | Skeptical Inquirer". Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  32. Simpson, George Gaylord (1984). "Mammals and Cryptozoology". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 128 (1): 1–19. ISSN 0003-049X. JSTOR 986487.
  33. Lack, Caleb W.; Rousseau, Jacques (8 March 2016). Critical Thinking, Science, and Pseudoscience: Why We Can't Trust Our Brains. Springer Publishing Company. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-8261-9426-8.
  34. Smith, Malcolm (1996). Bunyips & bigfoots : in search of Australia's mystery animals. Alexandria, NSW: Millennium Books. ISBN 1-86429-081-1. OCLC 36719441.
  35. Lack, Caleb W.; Rousseau, Jacques (8 March 2016). Critical Thinking, Science, and Pseudoscience: Why We Can't Trust Our Brains. Springer Publishing Company. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-8261-9426-8.
  36. Loxton, Daniel (2013). Abominable science! : origins of the Yeti, Nessie, and other famous cryptids. Donald R. Prothero. New York. ISBN 978-0-231-52681-4. OCLC 854902238.
  37. "It's the monstrous new trend sweeping travel – what is cryptid-tourism?". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  38. Loxton & Prothero 2013, p. 73.
  39. "The Zanzibar Leopard Between Science and Cryptozoology | PDF | Panthera | Organisms". Scribd. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  40. Michaels, Mark (2021). "Looking for the Ivory-billed Woodpecker in eastern Cuba". Journal of Caribbean Ornithology. 34: 79–80.
  41. Kantrowitz, Lia; Fitzmaurice, Larry; Terry, Josh (16 January 2018). "People Keep Seeing the Mothman in Chicago". Vice. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  42. Nez, Noah (18 July 2012). "Thunderbirds". Skeptical Inquirer. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
  43. "The mythic child-stealing Thunderbirds of Illinois". Atlas Obscura. 5 August 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2018.

Bibliography
  • Loxton, Daniel; Prothero, Donald (2013). Abominable Science: Origins of Yeti, Nessie, and other Famous Cryptids. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-52681-4.
  • The dictionary definition of cryptid at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Cryptozoology at Wikimedia Commons
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