Straight-billed woodcreeper

The straight-billed woodcreeper (Dendroplex picus) is a species of bird in the woodcreeper subfamily Dendrocolaptinae that is widely distributed in northeastern South America. Its genus, Dendroplex, is now considered to be distinct from Xiphorhynchus.

Straight-billed woodcreeper
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Furnariidae
Genus: Dendroplex
Species:
D. picus
Binomial name
Dendroplex picus
(Gmelin, JF, 1788)
Synonyms

Xiphorhynchus picus

Taxonomy

The straight-billed woodcreeper was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the orioles in the genus Oriolus and coined the binomial name Oriolus picus.[2] The specific epithet picus is the Latin word for a woodpecker.[3] Gmelin based his description on "Le pic-grimpereaux" from Cayenne that had been described and illustrated in 1780 by the French polymath, the Comte de Buffon.[4][5] The straight-billed woodcreeper is now placed together with Zimmer's woodcreeper in the genus Dendroplex that was introduced in 1827 by William Swainson.[6]

Thirteen subspecies are recognised.[6]

  • D. p. extimus Griscom, 1927 – central, east Panama and northwest Colombia
  • D. p. dugandi Wetmore & Phelps, WH, 1946 – north Colombia
  • D. p. picirostris Lafresnaye, 1847 – north Colombia and extreme northwest Venezuela
  • D. p. saturatior Hellmayr, 1925 – east Colombia and west Venezuela
  • D. p. choicus Wetmore & Phelps, WH, 1946 – north Venezuela
  • D. p. paraguanae (Phelps, WH & Phelps, WH Jr, 1962) – northwest Venezuela
  • D. p. longirostris Richmond, 1896 – Margarita Island (off Venezuela)
  • D. p. altirostris (Leotaud, 1866) – Trinidad
  • D. p. phalarus Wetmore, 1939 – central, north Venezuela
  • D. p. deltanus (Phelps, WH & Phelps, WH Jr, 1952) – northeast Venezuela
  • D. p. picus (Gmelin, JF, 1788) – east Venezuela, the Guianas and north, central, east Brazil
  • D. p. duidae Zimmer, JT, 1934 – east Colombia, south Venezuela and northwest Brazil
  • D. p. peruvianus Zimmer, JT, 1934 – east Peru, north, east Bolivia and southwest Brazil

Distribution and habitat

It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and heavily degraded former forest.

The straight-billed woodcreeper's range is in central and north South America, east of the Andes cordillera, and encompasses the entire Amazon Basin and the Caatinga. The species is found in Panama of Central America, and only the four countries, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay, of southernmost South America are excluded from the South American range.

References
  1. BirdLife International (2020). "Dendroplex picus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22703095A138227917. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22703095A138227917.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1788). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 384.
  3. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 306. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  4. Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de (1780). "Le pic-grimpereaux". Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux (in French). Vol. 7. Paris: De l'Imprimerie Royale. pp. 82–83.
  5. Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de; Martinet, François-Nicolas; Daubenton, Edme-Louis; Daubenton, Louis-Jean-Marie (1765–1783). "Le talapiot de Cayenne". Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle. Vol. 7. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. Plate 605.
  6. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2023). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 6 March 2023.


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