Denmark–Poland relations

Danish-Polish relations are foreign relations between the states of Denmark and Poland. Both countries are full members of NATO, the European Union, OECD, OSCE, the Council of the Baltic Sea States, HELCOM, the Council of Europe and the World Trade Organization, and share a maritime border in the Baltic Sea.

Danish-Polish relations
Map indicating locations of Denmark and Poland

Denmark
Poland

History
Construction of the Baltic Pipe in Kolding Municipality, Denmark (2022)

Danish-Polish relations date back to the Middle Ages. In the medieval period, Poland and Denmark entered into alliances several times, incl. in the 1120s,[1] 1315,[2] 1350,[3] 1363[4] and 1419.[5] During the Polish-Teutonic wars of 1409–1411 and 1454–1466, Denmark temporarily sided with the Teutonic Knights, however, there were very few Danish-Polish clashes. Between those wars, Eric of Pomerania of the House of Griffin became King of Denmark as Eric VII in 1396, and reigned until 1439, as the first ruler of the Kalmar Union. Denmark and Poland were allies during the Northern Seven Years' War, however, shortly after the war, in 1571, the Danish Navy conducted a naval raid of the Polish ports of Puck and Hel in the naval battle near Hel. Both countries were again allies in the Second Northern War and Great Northern War. Prince George of Denmark was a candidate in the 1674 Polish–Lithuanian royal election.[6]

Denmark, besides Spain, Turkey and Iran, objected to the Partitions of Poland between Prussia, Austria and Russia in 1795. In 1848, Poles and Danes simultaneously fought against Prussia, the Poles in the Greater Poland Uprising in an attempt to regain independence, and the Danes in the First Schleswig War, repelling a Prussian invasion. Denmark eventually also fell victim to expansionist policies of Prussia and Austria, which invaded and annexed its southern territories in the Second Schleswig War in 1864.

Both countries re-established diplomatic relations in 1919, after Poland regained independence following World War I. During the German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, Denmark declared neutrality, however, in 1940 it still became the second country to be invaded by Germany during the war.

In 1985, the Polish-Scandinavian Institute in Copenhagen was founded.

Modern relations
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Denmark Lars Løkke Rasmussen and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland Zbigniew Rau in 2023

Denmark and Poland co-hosted the 2013 Men's European Volleyball Championship.

Poland is one of Denmark's ten main trading partners. In 2019, Poland was the sixth largest source of imports and the eight largest export destination for Denmark.[7] In 2020, Poland became the fifth largest source of imports to Denmark, surpassing Norway.[8]

Denmark and Poland are close NATO allies, and their militaries cooperate as part of the Multinational Corps Northeast, headquartered in Szczecin, Poland.

The Baltic Pipe, connecting Norway with Denmark and Poland, was commissioned in September 2022. Its purpose is to ensure natural gas supplies from Norway to Denmark and Poland.

Resident diplomatic missions

Honorary consulates

There are honorary consulates of Denmark in Gdynia, Kraków, Łódź, Poznań, Szczecin and Wrocław,[9] and an honorary consulate of Poland in Aarhus.[10]

See also

References
  1. Stefan Pajung. "Niels, 1065-1134". DanmarksHistorien.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  2. "Wydarzenia z kalendarza historycznego: 27 czerwca 1315". chronologia.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  3. "Kalendarz dat: 1350". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  4. "13 grudnia 1363 roku król Polski Kazimierz III Wielki podpisał sojusz z królem duńskim Waldemarem IV". Historykon.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  5. Jensen, Janus Møller (2007). Denmark and the Crusades, 1400-1650. Leiden/Boston: Brill. p. 56. ISBN 978-90-04-15579-4.
  6. Stefan Pajung. "Prins Jørgen af Danmark, 1653-1708". DanmarksHistorien.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  7. "Denmark trade balance, exports and imports by country and region 2019". World Integrated Trade Solution. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  8. "Denmark trade balance, exports and imports by country and region 2020". World Integrated Trade Solution. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  9. "Konsulaty Królestwa Danii w Polsce" (in Polish). Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  10. "Konsulaty honorowe". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 9 July 2022.
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