Eleocharis macrostachya

Eleocharis macrostachya is a species of spikesedge known by the common name pale spikerush.

Eleocharis macrostachya
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Eleocharis
Species:
E. macrostachya
Binomial name
Eleocharis macrostachya
Synonyms[2]
  • Eleocharis perlonga Fernald & Brackett
  • Eleocharis xyridiformisFernald & Brackett

It is widely distributed in North America and occurs in parts of South America.[2][3] It is a plant of varied moist habitats, including freshwater lakes and brackish marshes and ponds, ditches, vernal pools, and wet meadows.

Description

Eleocharis macrostachya is a rhizomatous perennial generally reaching heights between one half and one meter. It has bright green erect stems and straw-colored basal leaves. The top of each stem is occupied by a narrow, lance-shaped or cylindrical inflorescence. The spikelet is one or two centimeters long and has at least ten flowers, each covered with a purplish-brown bract. The fruit is a yellow or yellow-brown achene with a whitish cone-shaped tubercle on one end, measuring one or two millimeters long.[4]

Use in phytoremediation efforts

E. macrostachya has been studied as part of wetland restoration, as well as the removal of arsenic in groundwater via rhizofiltration as part of phytoremediation.[5][6] Wetlands have the capacity to remove many conventional contaminants from wastewater, even in highly saline water.[7] Olmos-Marquez (2012) identified E. macrostachya as having the greatest arsenic retention in an experimental wetland, suggesting that it acts as a rhizofiltrator.[8][9]

References
  1. Lansdown, R.V. (2016). "Eleocharis macrostachya". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T64311298A66891680. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T64311298A66891680.en. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
  2. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. "Eleocharis macrostachya". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2013-01-22.
  4. Flora of North America, Eleocharis macrostachya Britton in J. K. Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 184, 1327. 1903.
  5. Fraser, Alexandra; Kindscher, Kelly (2001-12-01). "Tree spade transplanting of Spartina pectinata (Link) and Eleocharis macrostachya (Britt.) in a prairie wetland restoration site". Aquatic Botany. 71 (4): 297–304. doi:10.1016/S0304-3770(01)00185-1. ISSN 0304-3770.
  6. Márquez, Mario Alberto Olmos; Rivero, Jesús Manuel Ochoa; Herrera, María Teresa Alarcón; Estrada, Eduardo Santellano; Vega-Mares, José Humberto; Aragón, María Cecilia Valles (2020). "Performance of a Pilot Subsurface Flow Treatment Wetland System, Used for Arsenic Removal from Reverse Osmosis Concentrate, in the Municipality of Julimes, Chihuahua, Mexico". Ingeniería y universidad (24): 10. ISSN 0123-2126.
  7. Berg, Elisa C.; Borges, Alisson C. (2020). "Use of plants in the remediation of arsenic-contaminated waters". Water Environment Research. 92 (10): 1669–1676. doi:10.1002/wer.1419. ISSN 1554-7531.
  8. Olmos-Márquez, Mario Alberto; Alarcón-Herrera, Maria Teresa; Martín-Domínguez, Ignacio Ramiro (2012-03-01). "Performance of Eleocharis macrostachya and its importance for arsenic retention in constructed wetlands". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 19 (3): 763–771. doi:10.1007/s11356-011-0598-x. ISSN 1614-7499. PMID 21935698. S2CID 25907074.
  9. Ochoa-Rivero, J.M.; Olmos-Márquez, M.A.; Sáenz-Uribe, C.G.; Alarcón-Herrera, M.T. (2019-08-23). "Phytoremediation of arsenic using a chemical stabilizer and Eleocharis macrostachya in a contaminated mining soil". Environmental Arsenic in a Changing World. CRC Press. pp. 483–484. doi:10.1201/9781351046633-190. ISBN 978-1-351-04663-3. S2CID 213001998.
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