Eternal functional subordination

Eternal functional subordination or Eternal subordination of the Son is a Trinitarian doctrine which proposes a hierarchy within the trinity, where though the Son is ontologically equal to the Father, He is subordinate in role, obeying the Father in eternity. Advocates of eternal subordination generally see this as a model for human relationships. Eternal Subordination is contrasted with the view held by Augustine, where the obedience of the Son to the Father is only by virtue of His human nature. The main advocates of the doctrine are Wayne Grudem and Bruce Ware.[1][2][3][4][5]

History

Wayne Grudem argued that the doctrine has been affirmed by many theologians within the last few centuries, including Carl F. H. Henry, Jonathan Edwards, Charles Ryrie, Charles Hodge and others. However, his interpretation of some of these theologians has been challenged.[6][7] Eternal Functional Subordination stands in contrast to the views of Augustine and Thomas Aquinas, who denied any such relations.

Doctrine

Wayne Grudem holds that the Son eternally submits to the Father, arguing that authority is not an attribute of God but of relationship. Grudem however denies that the doctrine of eternal subordination implies three wills in God, instead saying that God has one will but three distinctive expressions of that will.[8][9]

See also

References
  1. "Trinitarian Agency and the Eternal Subordination of the Son: An Augustinian Perspective". The Gospel Coalition. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
  2. Gatewood, Timothy. "Why Should Evangelicals Reject the Eternal Subordination of the Son? Michael Bird and Matthew Barrett - Credo Magazine". credomag.com. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
  3. "Another Thirteen Evangelical Theologians Who Affirm the Eternal Submission of the Son to the Father". www.reformation21.org. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
  4. Sazo, Timoteo (2023-02-23). "Eternal Functional Subordination of the Son (EFS), Part I: Why It Misunderstands God". The Washington Institute. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
  5. "Question & Answer: The Orthodox Presbyterian Church". opc.org. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
  6. "A Response To Grudem's Appeal To Hodge On Eternal Subordination". theaquilareport.com. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
  7. "Another Thirteen Evangelical Theologians Who Affirm the Eternal Submission of the Son to the Father". www.reformation21.org. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
  8. Grudem, Wayne (2016). "Why a denial of the Son's eternal submission threatens both the Trinity and the Bible" (PDF).
  9. Grudem, Wayne. ""Biblical Evidence for the Eternal Submission of the Son to the Father"" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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