Finno-Ugric countries

The Finno-Ugric countries are the three independent nation states with a national majority that speaks a Finno-Ugric language: Finland and Estonia, which are inhabited by Baltic Finnic peoples, and Hungary, which is majority Magyar.[1] The three countries are represented in the Finno-Ugric Congress.[2][3] They work together in funding research on Finno-Ugric topics and in protecting the minority rights of other Finno-Ugric-speaking nations that do not occupy sovereign states; collectively these have been called Fenno-Ugria.[4]

Modern entities

Balto-Finnic
NameCapitalFounded
 Finland Helsinki 6 December 1917
 Estonia Tallinn 24 February 1918

Ugric
NameCapitalFounded
 Hungary Budapest c. 895

Saami
NameCapitalLanguage(s)
Finland: Sámi homeland Sajos Sami
 Norway Oslo Sami and Kven
 Sweden Stockholm Finnish, Meänkieli and Sami

The recently extinct Livonian language has special though unofficial status in  Latvia.

Ugric
NameCapitalLanguage(s)
 Romania Localities with populations over 20% ethnic Hungarian (all in Transylvania) Hungarian
Serbia:  Vojvodina Novi Sad Hungarian

Permic
NameCapitalLanguage(s)
Russia:  Komi Syktyvkar Komi
Russia:  Udmurtia Izhevsk Udmurt

Volgaic
NameCapitalLanguage(s)
Russia:  Mari El Yoshkar-Ola Meadow Mari, Hill Mari
Russia:  Mordovia Saransk Erzya, Moksha

Provinces and autonomous regions without official or co-official status
CountryRegion Language(s)Administrative centerFounded
 Austria  Burgenland Hungarian Eisenstadt 1921
 Norway  Finnmark Northern Sami Vadsø 1576
 Troms Northern Sami Tromsø 1866
 Nordland Sami Bodø 17th century
 Trøndelag Southern Sami Trondheim 1687
 Russia  Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Khanty, Mansi Khanty-Mansiysk 10 December 1930
 Perm Krai Komi-Permyak Perm 1 December 2005
Republic of Karelia Karelia Republic Karelian, Vepsian, Finnish Petrozavodsk 16 July 1956
 Slovenia Prekmurje Hungarian Murska Sobota Unknown
 Sweden Norrbotten County Meänkieli, Sami Luleå 1810
 Ukraine Mukacheve Raion Hungarian Mukacheve 9 November 1953

Historical states and dynasties

Hungarian states
NameYear(s)CapitalMap
Hétmagyar confederation 9th century Unknown
Principality of Hungary 895–1000 Esztergom and Székesfehérvár
Árpád Kingdom 1000–1301 Esztergom and Székesfehérvár
Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526) 1301–1526 Esztergom, Székesfehérvár and Buda
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
(vassal under  Ottoman Empire)		 1526–1551
1556–1570		 Buda (1526–41)
Lippa (1541–42)
Gyulafehérvár (1542–70)
Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary
(since 1804 crownland of the  Austrian Empire)		 1526–1867 Buda (1526–1536, 1784–1873)
Pressburg (1536–1783)
Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)
(vassal under  Ottoman Empire)		 1570–1711 Gyulafehérvár (1570–1692)
Nagyszeben (1692–1711)
Principality of Upper Hungary
(vassal under  Ottoman Empire)		 1682–1685 Kassa
Grand Principality of Transylvania
(since 1804 part of the  Austrian Empire)		 1711–1867 Nagyszeben (1711–1791, 1848–1861)
Kolozsvár (1791–1848, 1861–1867)
Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
(part of  Austria-Hungary)		 1867–1918 Budapest

Note: some of these countries, while not predominantly ethnically Hungarian, were ruled by Hungarians, so they are considered as such here.

Post-World War I states
NameYear(s)CapitalMap
Soviet Republic of Naissaar 1917–1918 Obernargen
Kingdom of Finland 1918–1919 Helsinki
Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic 1918 Helsinki
Estonia Estonia (1918–40) 1918–40 Tallinn
Republic of East Karelia 1918–1920 Uhtua
 First Hungarian Republic 1918–1919 Budapest
Estonian Worker's Commune 1918–1919 Narva
North Ingria 1919–1920 Kirjasalo
 Hungarian Soviet Republic 1919 Budapest
 Hungarian Republic (1919–20) 1919–1920 Budapest
 Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46) 1920–1946 Budapest
Banate of Leitha 1921 Oberwart
Finnish Democratic Republic 1939–1940 Terijoki
 Second Hungarian Republic 1946–1949 Budapest
 Hungarian People's Republic 1949–1989 Budapest

Autonomous regions
NameYear(s)CapitalMap
Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
(under  Russian Republic)		 1917–1918 Tallinn
Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
(under  Soviet Union)		 1923–1940
1956–1991		 Petrozavodsk
Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
(under  Soviet Union)		 1934–1990 Saransk
Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
(under  Soviet Union)		 1934–1990 Izhevsk
Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
(under  Soviet Union)		 1936–1990 Syktyvkar
Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
(under  Soviet Union)		 1936–1990 Yoshkar-Ola
Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic
(under  Soviet Union)		 1940–1956 Petrozavodsk
 Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
(under  Soviet Union)		 1940–1991 Tallinn
Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina
(under  Yugoslavia)		 1944–1992 Novi Sad
Magyar Autonomous Region
(under  Romania)		 1952–1968 Târgu Mureș
Veps National Volost
(under  Russia)		 1994–2004 Shyoltozero

See also

References
  1. Korkut, Umut (21 April 2009). "Eager, Pragmatic or Reluctant: Can Common Finno-Ugric Ethnic and Linguistic Links Substantiate Intra-EU CFSP Co-Operation?". SSRN 1392787. Retrieved 20 February 2018 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  2. Ruotsala, Helena (20 February 2018). "X Finno-Ugric Congress in Mari El". Ethnologia Fennica. 32: 74–76. Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018 – via journal.fi.
  3. "FennoUgria: World Congresses". ftp.eki.ee. Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  4. Casen, Marie (30 June 2014). "Udmurt Identity Issues: Core Moments from the Middle Ages to the Present Day". Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics. 8 (1): 91–110. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018 – via www.jef.ee.


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