Gatumdag

Ĝatumdug (Sumerian: 𒀭𒂷𒉐𒄭) was a Sumerian goddess worshiped in Lagash.[1] The meaning of her name is unknown.[2]

She was described as the mother of the city-state of Lagash, or as its divine founder.[3] According to inscriptions of Gudea she assigned a lamma (tutelary protective deity) to him.[4]

The early king Ur-Nanshe built a temple dedicated to her.[5] Some of the later Lagashite kings, notably Enanatum I and Enmetena, designated her as their divine mother, though sometimes this role was fulfilled by a different local goddess, Bau, instead (as in the case of Eanatum, Lugalanda and Urukagina).[6] It's possible both goddesses were later synretised.[7]

She continued to be worshiped during the reign of the Third Dynasty of Ur, and documents list offerings of butter, cheese, flour and dates to her.[5]

References
  1. Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013, p. 46.
  2. Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013, p. 53.
  3. Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013, p. 67-68.
  4. Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013, p. 193.
  5. Ebeling 1971, p. 151.
  6. Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013, p. 59.
  7. Black & Green 1992, p. 86.

Bibliography
  • Asher-Greve, Julia M.; Westenholz, Joan G. (2013). Goddesses in Context: On Divine Powers, Roles, Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources (PDF). ISBN 978-3-7278-1738-0.
  • Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992), Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary, The British Museum Press, ISBN 978-0-7141-1705-8
  • Ebeling, Erich (1971), "Gatumdug", Reallexikon der Assyriologie, retrieved 2021-08-07
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