List of sovereign states by research and development spending

This is a list of countries by research and development (R&D) spending in real terms and as per latest data available. Gross domestic spending on R&D is defined as the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D carried out by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc., in a country. It includes R&D funded from abroad, but excludes domestic funds for R&D performed outside the domestic economy.[1]

List

Only those nations which annually spend more than 50 million dollars have been included. The world's total nominal R&D spending was approximately one trillion dollars in 2010.[2]

Country/Region Expenditures on R&D
(billions of US$, PPP)		  % of GDP PPP Expenditures on R&D per capita
(US$ PPP)		 Year Source
1  United States 612.714 3.5 1,866 2020 [3]
2  China 514.798 2.4 368 2020 [3]
3  Japan 172.614 3.3 1,375 2020 [3]
4  India 158.691 1.3 120 2022 [4]
5  Germany 131.932 3.1 1,586 2020 [3]
6  South Korea 100.055 4.8 1,935 2020 [3]
7  France 63.658 2.3 944 2020 [3]
8  United Kingdom 51.702 1.7 762 2019 [3]
9  Taiwan 42.945 3.6 1,822 2020 [3]
10  Russia 38.549 1.1 263 2020 [3]
11  Brazil 38.0 1.2 181 2019 [5]
12  Italy 33.840 1.5 561 2020 [3]
13  Canada 26.636 1.6 700 2021 [3]
14  Australia 25.58 1.8 1,008 2019 [6]
15  Turkey 24.827 1.1 297 2020 [3]
16  Spain 22.468 1.4 473 2020 [3]
17  Netherlands 20.167 2.3 1154 2020 [3]
18  Sweden 17.722 3.5 1,707 2020 [3]
19  Israel 16.888 5.4 1,810 2020 [3]
20  Poland 16.086 1.4 420 2020 [3]
21  Belgium 16.043 3.4 1,395 2020 [3]
22  Austria 14.945 3.2 1,672 2020 [3]
23  Switzerland 13.1 3.1 1,648 2019 [7]
24  Thailand 12.4 1.1 180 2019 [5]
25  Indonesia 10.758 0.3 40 2021 [8]
26  Malaysia 10.6 1.3 344 2015 [9]
27  Singapore 10.0 2.2 1,832 2014 [5]
28  Mexico 9.0 0.9 238 2014 [7]
29  Denmark 8.2 3.0 1,450 2020 [5]
30  Finland 7.2 2.9 1,318 2020 [5]
31  Czech Republic 6.3 2.0 600 2020 [7]
32  Egypt 6.2 1.0 73 2020 [9]
33  South Africa 6.1 0.8 108 2016 [10]
34  Norway 5.8 2.3 1,124 2020 [5]
35  Argentina 5.0 0.5 112 2019 [7][10][11][12]
36  United Arab Emirates 4.3 1.5 471 2020 [5]
37  Ireland 3.6 1.2 779 2020 [5]
38  Portugal 3.6 1.6 348 2020 [7]
39  Hungary 3.4 1.6 343 2020 [7]
40  Ukraine 3.0 0.4 74 2020 [9]
41  Hong Kong 2.7 1.0 373 2020 [9]
42  Greece 2.4 1.5 217 2020 [7][13][11]
43  Pakistan 2.4 0.3 13 2013 [9]
44  Romania 2.3 0.5 114 2020 [10]
45  New Zealand 1.8 1.4 401 2019 [7]
46  Saudi Arabia 1.8 0.5 60 2020 [14][15]
47  Colombia 1.6 0.3 31 2020 [9][10][11]
48  Chile 1.5 0.4 87 2014 [7][10][11]
49  Slovenia 1.5 2.1 713 2020 [7]
50  Morocco 1.5 0.7 48 2010 [9]
51  Slovakia 1.4 0.9 251 2020 [7]
52  Qatar 1.3 0.5 699 2012 [9]
53  Belarus 1.1 0.6 118 2020 [9]
54  Vietnam 0.9 0.5 10 2019 [16]
55  Kuwait 0.8 0.3 214 2013 [9]
56  Bulgaria 0.8 0.9 112 2020 [17]
57  Ecuador 0.8 0.4 50 2016 [10][11]
58  Ethiopia 0.8 0.6 9 2013 [9]
59  Tunisia 0.8 0.8 73 2019 [9]
60  Lithuania 0.8 1.2 245 2020 [17]
61  Luxembourg 0.7 1.1 1,253 2020 [5]
62  Croatia 0.7 1.3 167 2020 [17]
63  Serbia 0.7 0.9 98 2020 [17]
64  Iran 0.7 0.9 9 2019 [18]
65  Kazakhstan 0.7 0.2 39 2013 [9]
66  Philippines 0.5 0.3 5 2018 [9]
67  Peru 0.4 0.2 13 2020 [13][10][11]
68  Estonia 0.3 1.8 453 2020 [19]
69  Azerbaijan 0.3 0.2 36 2020 [9]
70  Latvia 0.3 0.7 137 2020 [17]
71  Uganda 0.3 0.5 8 2010 [9]
72  Costa Rica 0.3 0.4 62 2018 [9]
73  Iceland 0.3 2.5 831 2020 [5]
74  Mongolia 0.3 0.2 74 2013 [9]
75  Uruguay 0.2 0.5 70 2019 [9][10][11]
76  Sudan 0.2 0.2 5 2007 [13]
77  Algeria 0.2 0.5 4 2017 [13]
78  Cyprus 0.1 0.8 151 2020 [17]
79  North Macedonia 0.1 0.4 56 2020 [9]
80  Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.1 0.3 32 2013 [9]
81  Malta 0.1 0.7 271 2020 [17]
82  Bolivia 0.1 0.2 7 2020 [10][11]
83  Botswana 0.1 0.5 37 2013 [9]
84  Oman 0.1 0.4 25 2020 [9]
85  Macau 0.1 0.5 122 2020 [5]
86  Moldova 0.1 0.2 16 2020 [9]
87  Bahrain 0.1 0.1 45 2014 [5]
88  Paraguay 0.1 0.1 9 2019 [10][11]
89  Georgia 0.1 0.3 15 2020 [9]
90  Montenegro 0.0 0.4 56 2019 [17]

See also

References
  1. "Research and development (R&D) - Gross domestic spending on R&D - OECD Data". theOECD. Retrieved 2022-08-10.
  2. "- Royal Society" (PDF). royalsociety.org.
  3. "OECD data: Gross domestic spending on R&D".
  4. "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) - India". worldbank.org.
  5. "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
  6. "Research and Experimental Development, Businesses, Australia, 2019-20 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics". www.abs.gov.au. 2021-03-09. Retrieved 2022-05-20.
  7. "Research and development (R&D) – Gross domestic spending on R&D – OECD Data". data.oecd.org. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  8. "Terbongkar! Ini Alasan Anggaran R&D RI Hanya 0,28% Dari PDB". CNBC Indonesia.
  9. "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)". World Bank. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
  10. "How Much Does Your Country Invest in R&D?". UNESCO.
  11. "Science, technology and innovation". UNESCO.
  12. "Inversión en I+D". Argentina.gob.ar. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
  13. "UNESCO science report, 2010: the current status of science around the world; 2010" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  14. "2012 Global R&D Funding Forecast: R&D Spending Growth Continues While Globalization Accelerates". 16 December 2011.
  15. "Data" (PDF). www.natureasia.com.
  16. vietnamnet.vn. "How much does Vietnam spend on R&D? – News VietNamNet". english.vietnamnet.vn. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  17. "File:Gross domestic expenditure on R&D, 2003–13 (% of GDP) YB15.png – Statistics Explained". ec.europa.eu.
  18. "مصاحبه تفصیلی فارس با قائم‌مقام معاون تحقیقات وزارت بهداشت/۱ رشد علمی کشور پارسال منفی شد/ تحقیقات پزشکی بدون بودجه درجا می‌زند". Farsnews.ir. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  19. "TD052: Research and development expenditures and their financing from state and local budgets". Eesti Statistkaamet. Retrieved 2018-11-13.
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