Haplogroup R-L21

Haplogroup R-L21
Haplogroup R-L21
Possible time of origin	4,500 years
Possible place of origin	Central Europe
Ancestor	R1b (R-M343); * R-M269; R-L151; * R-P312; **** R-S461
Descendants	R-A5846; R-S552;
Highest frequencies	English; Irish; Scottish; Welsh; Bretons

R-L21 or R1b1a2a1a2c, also known as R-M529 or R-S145, is a Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. S552 and subclade(s) is often linked to the Celtic peoples, and their migrations into Western Europe, during the Bronze and Iron Ages. R-A5846 is an early brach of R-L21 estimated to 2600 BCE. Much is still not known about this branch, but much is pointing towards a northwestern migration route. Primarily Denmark, Netherlands or Norway due to the higher frequencies of Scandinavians in this branch.

One subclade, R-DF13 is numerically dominant amongst both bearers of R-L21 in general, and among living males in England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.[1]

Current dispersion

This haplogroup is mostly found among the inhabitants of Ireland and Great Britain today, but is also found in Norway, Sweden, Brittany, northern France, modern Northern Portugal, Galicia and Asturias in the northwest of Spain, and has some presence in Belgium and the Netherlands.[2]

Archaeological testing

Three Early Bronze Age men (2026–1534 cal BC) from burials on Rathlin Island off the north coast of Ireland were all R1b1a2a1a2c, or R-L21. Rathlin2 was further defined as R1b1a2a1a2c1, or R-DF13/S521/CTS241. Rathlin1 was further defined as R1b1a2a1a2c1g, or R-DF21/S192.[3]

References

Y-DNA Haplogroup R and its Subclades - 2018, International Society of Genetic Genealogy
Altena, Eveline; Smeding, Risha; van der Gaag, Kristiaan J.; Larmuseau, Maarten H. D.; Decorte, Ronny; Lao, Oscar; Kayser, Manfred; Kraaijenbrink, Thirsa; de Knijff, Peter (2019). "The Dutch Y-chromosomal landscape". European Journal of Human Genetics. 28 (3): 287–299. doi:10.1038/s41431-019-0496-0. ISSN 1018-4813. PMC 7029002. PMID 31488894.
Cassidy, Lara M.; Martiniano, Rui; Murphy, Eileen M.; Teasdale, Matthew D.; Mallory, James; Hartwell, Barrie; Bradley, Daniel G. (2016). "Neolithic and Bronze Age migration to Ireland and establishment of the insular Atlantic genome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (2): 368–373. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113..368C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1518445113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4720318. PMID 26712024.

External links

R1b-M529

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[1] Y-DNA Haplogroup R and its Subclades - 2018, International Society of Genetic Genealogy

[AltenaSmeding2019-2] Altena, Eveline; Smeding, Risha; van der Gaag, Kristiaan J.; Larmuseau, Maarten H. D.; Decorte, Ronny; Lao, Oscar; Kayser, Manfred; Kraaijenbrink, Thirsa; de Knijff, Peter (2019). "The Dutch Y-chromosomal landscape". European Journal of Human Genetics. 28 (3): 287–299. doi:10.1038/s41431-019-0496-0. ISSN 1018-4813. PMC 7029002. PMID 31488894.

[CassidyMartiniano2016-3] Cassidy, Lara M.; Martiniano, Rui; Murphy, Eileen M.; Teasdale, Matthew D.; Mallory, James; Hartwell, Barrie; Bradley, Daniel G. (2016). "Neolithic and Bronze Age migration to Ireland and establishment of the insular Atlantic genome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (2): 368–373. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113..368C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1518445113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4720318. PMID 26712024.