Happy Birthday, Mr. President

"Happy Birthday, Mr. President" is a song sung by actress and singer Marilyn Monroe on May 19, 1962, for President John F. Kennedy at a gala held at Madison Square Garden for his 45th birthday, 10 days before the actual date (May 29). The event was co-hosted by Arthur B. Krim and Anna M. Rosenberg, who sat next to the President during the star-studded event.[1]

Marilyn Monroe sings to John F. Kennedy during the Madison Square Garden event

Monroe sang the traditional "Happy Birthday to You" lyrics in a sultry, intimate voice, with "Mr. President" inserted as Kennedy's name. She continued the song with a snippet from the classic song, "Thanks for the Memory", for which she had written new lyrics specifically aimed at Kennedy.

Thanks, Mr. President
For all the things you've done
The battles that you've won
The way you deal with U.S. Steel
And our problems by the ton
We thank you so much

Afterwards, as a large birthday cake was presented to him, President Kennedy came on stage and joked about Monroe's version of the song, saying, "I can now retire from politics after having had Happy Birthday sung to me in such a sweet, wholesome way," alluding to Monroe's delivery, skintight dress, and image as a sex symbol.[2]

The performance was one of Monroe's last major public appearances before her death less than three months later on August 4, 1962. First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, who rarely attended Democratic Party events, instead spent the day at the Loudon Hunt Horse Show with her children, John and Caroline. Monroe was accompanied by jazz pianist Hank Jones.

History
Monroe with U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, President John F. Kennedy, and historian Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. at the birthday celebration

President Kennedy's birthday celebration was held at the third Madison Square Garden[3] on May 19, 1962, and more than 15,000 people attended, including numerous celebrities. The event was a fundraising gala for the Democratic Party.[4]

Monroe attended the event during the production of Something's Got to Give, resulting in her receiving a hand-delivered note stating that she had violated her contract with 20th Century Fox and eventual firing in June 1962.[5][6]

Monroe's dress was made of a sheer and flesh-colored marquisette fabric, with 2,500 shimmering rhinestones sewn into it. The dress was so tight-fitting that Monroe had difficulty putting it on; she wore nothing under it.[7] It was designed by Jean Louis.[8] Monroe's hair was styled by Kenneth Battelle and her makeup was done by Marie Irvine.[5]

Monroe was accompanied to the event by her publicist Patricia Newcomb and her former father-in-law Isidore Miller, with whom she had remained very close. Peter Lawford was at the event that night to introduce Monroe. He made a play on the actress's reputation for tardiness by giving her a number of introductions throughout the night, after which she did not appear on stage. When Monroe finally appeared in a spotlight, Lawford introduced her as the "late Marilyn Monroe". Monroe peeled off her white ermine fur coat, revealing the dress, and the audience gasped.[9]

The event was staged and produced by Broadway composer and lyricist Richard Adler.[10]

Legacy

In the 1992 film Wayne's World, Mike Myers puts on a bra and does an impression of Monroe singing the song as his character, Wayne, while his girlfriend Cassandra (Tia Carrere) is on the phone.[11] In 1994, Mathilda (Natalie Portman) reenacted Myers's scene in Leon: The Professional. At the time, she had never seen Monroe's performance.[12]

On the January 16, 1993, episode of Saturday Night Live the musical guest, Madonna, parodied the song as "Happy Inauguration, Mr. President", alluding to Bill Clinton's January 20 presidential inauguration.[13]

Spice Girl Geri Halliwell performed the song in 1998 for Prince Charles' 50th birthday celebration, replacing the line "Happy Birthday, Mr. President" with "Happy Birthday, Your Royal Highness".[14][15]

In a season two episode of Breaking Bad, "Mandala" (2009), Skyler White sings the song to her boss Ted Beneke for his birthday.[16] Fran Felstein sings it in The Sopranos season 5 episode "In Camelot" (2004).[17]

In 2012, American musician Lana Del Rey reenacted the performance in the music video for her song "National Anthem", with herself as Monroe and ASAP Rocky as President Kennedy.[18]

In 2016, a trailer for the second season of the alternate history series The Man in the High Castle shows Monroe singing the song for Adolf Hitler, with the line "Happy Birthday, Mr. President" replaced with "Happy Birthday, Mein Führer".[19]

Dress
Marilyn Monroe's dress from the event, designed by Jean Louis

Monroe's iconic dress was designed by costume designer Bob Mackie who was hired to sketch the design for the leading fashion designer of the time, Jean Louis who paid $1,440.33 (equivalent to $10,023 in 2021[20]) for its construction. The dress sold in 1999 at an auction in New York City for over $1.26 million (equivalent to $1.95 million in 2021[20]).[21][7] Canadian billionaire Jim Pattison subsequently purchased the dress on November 17, 2016, at a Los Angeles auction for $4.8 million.[22]

Use by Kim Kardashian

In 2022, reality TV star Kim Kardashian wore Monroe's Happy Birthday Mr. President dress for the Met Gala.[23] Kardashian had lost 16 pounds (7.3 kg) in three weeks to fit into the dress. Kardashian remains the only person other than Monroe known to have worn the dress.[24] Kardashian wore Monroe's original dress for approximately five minutes, only to walk up the runway, and then changed into an exact replica so as to not cause any more unnecessary strain to the dress.[25]

However, because the dress was tailored specifically for Monroe's exact measurements, despite Kardashian losing weight for her to wear the dress, additional materials had to be incorporated onto the dress for her to fit in it. Displeased with both Kardashian and the current owner, Ripley Entertainment, Bob Mackie (who first sketched the design in 1962 at the age of 23) said in an interview with Entertainment Weekly, "I thought it was a big mistake.. [Marilyn] was a goddess. A crazy goddess, but a goddess. She was just fabulous. Nobody photographs like that. And it was done for her. It was designed for her. Nobody else should be seen in that dress."[26]

Within the same interview, the host for Turner Classic Movies Alicia Malone expressed her worries by saying, "There are all the issues with the actual preservation of the dress and things like oxygen can affect a dress.. Usually, these outfits are kept very much in controlled environments. So, it was quite alarming that she was able to wear it. I personally wish she wore a replica instead of the real thing."[26][27]

In an interview with BBC in June 2022, a senior lecturer in cultural studies at Falmouth University, Dr Kate Strasdin, remarked, "You can't even handle a dress like that without damaging it in some way, let alone wear it, so it was inevitable that there was going to be significant damage just by even wearing it on the red carpet... there will have been oils in her skin, there will have been all of that chemical reaction with a silk that is fragile". It is also noted that an Instagram account dedicated to 'The Marilyn Monroe Collection', a company which claims to hold 'the world's largest privately held collection of Marilyn Monroe's personal property,' managed by owner Scott Fortner's team, posted a comparison image of the dress which showed significant irreversible damage which occurred after the gala event.[28][29]

See also

References
  1. Gorham, Christopher C. (2023). The Confidante: The Untold Story of the Woman Who Helped Win WWII and Shape Modern America (1st ed.). New York: Citadel Press/Kensington Publishing Corp. pp. 286–289. ISBN 978-0806542003.
  2. Marilyn Monroe Forever in Our Hearts (May 19, 2014). President Kennedy, JFK Comments on Marilyn Monroe's Happy Birthday. YouTube. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  3. "Madison Square Garden III". Ballparks.com.
  4. Branch, Taylor (2007). Parting the Waters: America in the King Years 1954–63. p. 590.
  5. Rollyson, Carl (2014). Marilyn Monroe Day by Day: A Timeline of People, Places, and Events. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 175.
  6. Sonneborn, Liz (2015). "A to Z of Women: American Women in the Performing Arts". Credo Reference.
  7. "Happy Birthday, JFK". University of Massachusetts Lowell. Retrieved February 2, 2010.
  8. "Jean Louis: Nude Illusionist". Colette. May 4, 2011. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
  9. Marilyn Monroe singing Happy Birthday Mr President. High quality, retrieved October 24, 2022
  10. "Musical composer, lyricist Richard Adler dies at 90". CBC News. June 22, 2012.
  11. Kris J (July 2, 2012). happy birthday mr president. YouTube. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  12. Aquino T (October 8, 2015). "11 Expert Facts About Leon: The Professional". Mental Floss. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  13. "Clinton Inaugural Gala". snltranscripts.jt.org. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  14. "Cover Story: Nifty at Fifty". People. Vol. 50, no. 20. November 30, 1998. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  15. Gustavo Pezzini (February 10, 2008). Geri Halliwell: Singing Happy Birthday to Prince Charles. YouTube. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  16. "The Awkward Breaking Bad Scene That Some Fans Refuse to Rewatch". October 8, 2020.
  17. The Immortal Marilyn: The Depiction of an Icon. Scarecrow Press. 2006. p. 158.
  18. "Lana Del Rey and A$AP Rocky Play Presidential in 'National Anthem'". Rolling Stone. June 27, 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2012.
  19. Snyder, Chris (October 9, 2016). "Watch the new trailer for 'The Man in the High Castle' season 2". Business Insider. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
  20. Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved January 1, 2023. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the Measuring Worth series.
  21. Osegueda, Elisa (November 18, 2016). "Marilyn Monroe's 'Happy Birthday, Mr. President' Dress Sells for $4.8 Million". Entertainment Tonight. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
  22. "Marilyn's 'Happy Birthday, Mr. President' Dress Sells for $4.8M". NBC News. Reuters. November 18, 2016. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
  23. Hills, Megan C. (May 3, 2022). "Kim Kardashian wore one of Marilyn Monroe's most iconic dresses to the Met Gala". CNN. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
  24. Nnadi, Chioma (May 3, 2022). "Kim Kardashian Takes Marilyn Monroe's "Happy Birthday, Mr. President" Dress Out for a Spin". Vogue. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
  25. Bonner, Mehera (May 3, 2022). "Kim Kardashian's Met Gala Involved a Replica Dress, a Secret Changing Room, and Zero Body Makeup". Cosmopolitan. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
  26. Lenker, Maureen Lee (May 16, 2022). "Bob Mackie says Kim Kardashian wearing Marilyn Monroe's gown was a 'big mistake'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
  27. Goldstone, Penny (May 19, 2022). "This is what Marilyn Monroe's dress designer has to say about Kim K wearing her dress". Marie Claire. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
  28. Davies, Alys; Wertheimer, Tiffany; Lambert, Guy (June 16, 2022). "Kim Kardashian: More damage seen on Marilyn Monroe gown after Met Gala". BBC News. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
  29. Shoard, Catherine (June 14, 2022). "Kim Kardashian accused of doing 'permanent damage' to Marilyn Monroe's dress". The Guardian. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
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