Hold (title)
Hold (or Hauld) is a title of nobility, used in Viking Scandinavia and England.
 |
| Cyning (sovereign) |
| Ætheling (prince) |
| Ealdorman (prefect) |
| Thegn / Thingmen / housecarl (retainer) |
| Hold / High-reeve |
| Reeve (bailiff) |
| Churl (free tenant) |
| Villein (serf) |
| Cottar (cottager) |
| Þēow (slave) |
History
Holds were described as "noblemen of exalted rank" in Viking Northumbria by Frank Stenton, with a wergild of 4000 thrymsas, equivalent to a king's high-reeve.[1] Hold is described as a title just below the earl in Oxford Dictionary of Surnames.
References
- Stenton, Frank M. (1971). Anglo-Saxon England (3rd ed.). Clarendon Press. p. 509. ISBN 978-0-19-280139-5.
External links
- Eystein Eggen 2005 (Norwegian, Aftenposten)
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