The Holocaust in Romania

The Holocaust in Romania was the development of The Holocaust in the Kingdom of Romania. 380,000–400,000 Jews were murdered in Romanian-controlled areas, including Bessarabia, Bukovina and Transnistria.[1] Romania ranks first among Holocaust perpetrator countries other than Nazi Germany.[2][3][4]

Deported Jews killed near Podilsk (Romanian: Bârzula), then under Romanian control

Rise of the Nationalist Fascist State

In the first decades of the 20th century antisemitic views took the form of separation of Jews from European archetype in publications and writings of prominent figures such as A.C. Cuza, Nichifor Crainic, Nicolae Iorga, Nicolae Pavelescu, Ion Găvănescul.[5] The main political organisation that took these ideas and built them into an open attack on the Jewish community in Romania was the Iron Guard. Formerly a small political group under the name of Guard of National Conscience, the movement gained in its ranks in 1920 Corneliu Zelea Codreanu. Divisions and disagreements within the group and between members led Corneliu and others to leave and form the Legion of Archangel Michael in 1927, and then in 1930 the Iron Guard was created as an organisation to unite it with other nationalist groups. Despite renaming the organisation several times, in the media and public eyes the image and name of Legionaries and Iron Guard stuck for the anti-communist, antisemitic, fascist movement.[6]

See also

References
  1. "Murder of the Jews of Romania". www.yadvashem.org. Archived from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  2. Midlarsky, Manus I. (17 March 2011). Origins of Political Extremism: Mass Violence in the Twentieth Century and Beyond. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139500777 – via Google Books.
  3. Valeria Chelaru: Tradition, Nationalism and Holocaust Memory: Reassessing Antisemitism in Post-Communist Romania, page 73
  4. Roland Clark: New models, new questions: historiographical approaches to the Romanian Holocaust, page 304
  5. Lucian Tudor: The Romanian Iron Guard: It's Origins, History, and Legacy, page 69
  6. Lucian Tudor: The Romanian Iron Guard: It's Origins, History, and Legacy, pages 70-79
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