Liga 1 (Indonesia)

Liga 1 (English: League 1), also known as BRI Liga 1 for sponsorship reasons with Bank Rakyat Indonesia,[1] is the men's top professional football division of the Indonesian football league system. Administered by the PT Liga Indonesia Baru (lit. 'New Indonesian League, LLC'), Liga 1 is contested by 18 clubs and operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Liga 2.

Liga 1
Organising bodyPT Liga Indonesia Baru
Founded2008 (2008) (as Indonesia Super League)
2017 (2017) (as Liga 1)
2023 (2023) (as Liga Indonesia)
First season2008–09
CountryIndonesia
ConfederationAFC
Number of teams18
Level on pyramid1
Relegation toLiga 2
Domestic cup(s)Piala Indonesia
International cup(s)AFC Champions League
AFC Cup
Current championsPSM (1st title)
(2022–23)
Most championshipsPersipura (3 titles)
TV partners
List of broadcasters

Terrestrial only
Indosiar
Moji
Mentari TV
Pay TV
Nex Parabola
IndiHome
Streaming
Vidio Free (FTA, worldwide)
Vidio Premier (pay, Indonesia only)
IndiHome TV
Maxstream
(Telkomsel customers only)

Websiteligaindonesiabaru.com
Current: 2023–24 Liga 1

Top-flight professional league in Indonesia started from the 2008–09 season onwards, initially under the name Indonesia Super League until 2015.[2] Prior to the 2008 reforms, the national competitions used a tournament format. Liga 1 started in 2017 as the first rebranding of the league.[2] Liga Indonesia (Indonesia League) will start in 2023 as the second rebranding of the league.[3]

Forty teams have competed in the top-tier league of Indonesian football since the start of the modern era in 2008 as the Indonesia Super League. Eight teams have been crowned champions, with Persipura Jayapura winning the title three times (2009, 2011, 2013), the most among the teams.

History

Origins

In 1994, PSSI merged teams from Perserikatan, which was a popular league for amateur clubs representing regional football associations, and Galatama, which was a less popular league made up of semi-professional teams, to form Liga Indonesia, integrating the fanaticism in the Perserikatan and the professionalism of Galatama with the aim of improving the quality of Indonesian football.[4] This effort ushered in a tiered system in the Indonesian competitive football scene.[4] The group stage format, which was used in Perserikatan, was combined with a full competition system followed by the semi-final and final rounds like Galatama.[5]

Foundation

The modern competition era started in 2008 with the 2008–09 Indonesia Super League. The first season began with 18 clubs.[6] The first Indonesia Super League goal was scored by Ernest Jeremiah of Persipura in a 2–2 draw against Sriwijaya F.C.[7] The 18 inaugural members of the new Indonesia Super League were Persipura, Persiwa, Persib, Persik, Sriwijaya, Persela, Persija, PSM, Pelita Jaya, Arema, Persijap, Persiba, PKT Bontang, Persitara, PSMS, Deltras, Persita, and PSIS.[6] Originally, Persiter and Persmin were qualified to register but they failed the verification requirements to be inaugural members of the Indonesia Super League.[6]

Dualism
Further information: Liga Primer Indonesia and Indonesian Premier League

As the football scene in Indonesia was heavily politicized with rival factions upending each other, conflict was the norm prior to 2017. The worst conflict occurred in 2011.[8] After the inauguration of the new PSSI board in 2011, a member of PSSI's Executive Committee and chairman of its Competition Committee, Sihar Sitorus, appointed PT Liga Prima Indonesia Sportindo as the new league operator replacing PT Liga Indonesia because the latter failed to provide an accountability report to the PSSI.[9] Sitorus, one of many politicians in the PSSI, announced the Indonesia Premier League as the new top-level competition in Indonesia. Upon the emergence of Liga Primer Indonesia (LPI), PSSI did not recognize the validity of ISL.[10] ISL regulars PSM, Persema, and Persibo, which had boycotted the ISL operators due to referee and management decisions, gladly defected to join LPI along with splinters of existing ISL teams.[10] However, the 2011 LPI season was stopped mid-season, due to continued schism within PSSI; a new league, Indonesian Premier League (Liga Prima Indonesia, IPL) replaced it in late 2011 for the 2011–12 season.[9][11][12]

Before the schism of PSSI, Sitorus triggered more controversy when he said the new competition would be divided into two regions and there would be an addition of six clubs in the top division, which angered many association members.[9][13] Thus, 14 teams that were supposed to be Indonesia Premier League contestants chose to support the Indonesia Super League that continued to roll under the support of the pro-IPL faction, despite being labeled as an illegal competition.[9][14] The official PSSI, supported by FIFA and AFC, did not recognize the ISL for two seasons.[9][15] In the meantime, the Indonesian Premier League became the top-tier league from 2011 to 2013 with only 11 teams playing in both seasons.[9][16]

In a PSSI extraordinary meeting on 17 March 2013, association members slammed Sitorus and decided that the Indonesia Super League would once again emerge as the top-level competition, following the disbandment of the Indonesian Premier League.[17] Sitorus and five other PSSI board members were suspended from the sport for their roles in the split (locally referred to as dualisme, lit. 'dualism') that disrupted Indonesian football.[18]

The new PSSI board also decided that the best seven teams of the 2013 Indonesian Premier League, following verification, would join the unified league.[19] Semen Padang, Persiba Bantul, Persijap, and PSM passed verification, while Perseman, Persepar, and Pro Duta did not, meaning the 2014 season was contested with 22 teams.[9][20][21]

Government intervention and FIFA suspension
Further information: Indonesia Soccer Championship

The impact of split haunted Indonesian football years after the reconsolidation. On 18 April 2015, Minister of Youth and Sports Affairs Imam Nahrawi officially banned the activities of PSSI after PSSI refused to recognize the recommendations from the Indonesian Professional Sports Agency (BOPI), an agency under the ministry, that Arema Cronus and Persebaya should not pass ISL verification because there were still other clubs using the same name.[22][23] Previously, Nachrawi had sent three letters of reprimand.[22][23] However, PSSI refused to answer his call until a predetermined deadline.[22][23] As a result, PSSI officially stopped all competitions in 2015 season after PSSI's Executive Committee meeting on 2 May 2015 called the government intervention as a force majeure.[24]

The government intervention also led FIFA to punish Indonesia with a one-year suspension of all association football activities as the world body considered overbearing state involvement in footballing matters as a violation against its member PSSI.[25] During the suspension, some tournaments were made to fill the vacuum,[26] starting with the 2015 Indonesia President's Cup, in which Persib came out as champions,[27] until the Bhayangkara Cup closed the series of unrecognized tournaments.[28]

On 13 May 2016, FIFA officially ended the suspension, following the revocation of the Indonesian ministerial decision on 10 May 2016.[29][30] A long-term tournament with full competition format, Indonesia Soccer Championship, emerged shortly thereafter.[31][32] The 2016 season saw Persipura taking the title.[33]

First name change

In 2017, the top-flight football competition was rebranded under a new official name, Liga 1.[2][4] The name changes also applied to Premier Division (became Liga 2) and Liga Nusantara (became Liga 3).[2][4] The operator of the competition was also changed from PT Liga Indonesia (LI) to PT Liga Indonesia Baru (LIB).[34] Bhayangkara was the first champion of the competition under the new name.[35] True to the controversial nature of Indonesian football, the crowning triggered flak from fans. Bhayangkara, a team managed by the Indonesian Police that had no fanbase, won due to head-to-head advantage against Bali United, a team with rapidly growing support due to its modern professional management, after both teams had the same points at the end of the season.[35] Bali United finally won the title in 2019.[36][37]

Second name change

In 2023, the top-flight football competition would be rebranded a second time, under the name Liga Indonesia.[3] The name change would also apply to Liga 2 (to become Liga Nusantara).[3]

Competition format

Competition

There are 18 clubs in Liga 1.[38] During the course of a season all teams play each other twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents', for 34 games.[38] Teams receive three points for a win, one point for a draw, and no points for a loss.[38] Teams are ranked by total points first, then head-to-head records, goal difference, goals scored, fair play, and drawing of lots.[38] The three lowest placed teams are relegated into Liga 2,[38] and the second round group winners from Liga 2, together with the winner of third place play-off involving the group runner-up of Liga 2 second round, are promoted in their place.[39]

In 2023, PSSI proposed a new format starting from the 2023–24 season with two possible options: 18 teams being divided into three groups of six teams each or playing in a full competition system with a final-four series.[40] They chose the second option and all 18 clubs agreed.[41]

Promotion and relegation

A system of promotion and relegation exists between Liga 1 and Liga 2. The three lowest placed teams in Liga 1 are relegated to Liga 2,[38] and the second round group winners from Liga 2 are promoted to the Liga 1, with an additional team promoted after a third-place play-off involving the group runners-up of Liga 2 second round.[39] The Indonesian Super League had 22 teams in 2014 due to the merging of the two professional leagues in Indonesia.[42]

Clubs
Further information: List of football clubs in Indonesia

Forty clubs have played in the top-flight Indonesian football competitions from the start of the modern era in 2008 as Indonesia Super League, up to and including the 2022–23 season.

Champions
See also: List of Indonesian football champions
Season Champions Runners-up
2008–09 Persipura Persiwa
2009–10 Arema Persipura
2010–11 Persipura Arema
2011–12 Sriwijaya Persipura
2013 Persipura Arema
2014 Persib Persipura
2015 Season abandoned due to FIFA suspension of Indonesia
2017 Bhayangkara Bali United
2018 Persija PSM
2019 Bali United Persebaya
2020 Season abandoned due to COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia
2021–22 Bali United Persib
2022–23 PSM Persija

Most successful clubs
ClubWinnersRunners-upWinning seasonsRunner-up seasons
Persipura 3 3 2008–09, 2010–11, 2013 2009–10, 2011–12, 2014
Bali United 2 1 2019, 2021–22 2017
Arema 1 2 2009–10 2010–11, 2013
Persib 1 1 2014 2021–22
Persija 1 1 2018 2022–23
PSM 1 1 2022–23 2018
Sriwijaya 1 0 2011–12
Bhayangkara 1 0 2017
Persiwa 0 1 2008–09
Persebaya 0 1 2019

Notably, two former champions are currently out of the Liga 1: three-time champions Persipura and one-time champions Sriwijaya.

2023–24 season

The following 18 clubs will compete in the Liga 1 during the 2023–24 season.

Club Position
in 2022–23		 First season in
top division		 First season in
Liga 1		 Seasons
in top
division		 Seasons
in Liga 1		 First season of
current spell in
top division		 National
titles		 Last
title
Aremaa, b12th1994–952008–092614200522009–10
Bali Unitedb5th1994–952009–1020132009–1022021–22
Barito Puterab15th1994–952013191020130—
Bhayangkarab7th2014201499201412017
Borneo Samarindab4th201520158820150—
Dewa Unitedb17th2022–232022–23222022–230—
Madura Uniteda, b8th1994–952008–0926142007–0831993–94
(Galatama)
Persebaya6th1994–952009–10207201862004
Persiba, b3rd1994–952008–0927141994–9572014
Persijaa, b2nd1994–952008–0927141994–95112018
Persika11th20032008–09127202022006
Persikabo 1973b14th2011–122011–1211112011–120—
Persisb10th2007–082022–23322022–2371943
Persitaa9th1994–952008–0919720200—
PSISa13th1994–952008–09197201821998–99
PSMa, c1st1994–952008–0926112011–12 (IPL)72022–23
PSSb16th2001201912520190—
RANS Nusantarab18th2022–232022–23222022–230—
  • Remark : Top division means the highest level of Indonesian football which includes the Liga Indonesia Premier Division until 2008 and the Indonesian Premier League during the dualism era.
  • Top division began from 1994–95 season when Galatama and Perserikatan merged to form Liga Indonesia.
  • Persipura, Persela, and Persiraja were relegated to the Liga 2 for the 2022 season, while Persis, RANS Nusantara, and Dewa United as winners, runners-up, and third-place play-off winners respectively, were promoted from the 2021 season.

a: Founding member of the Liga 1
b: Never been relegated from Liga 1
c: Absent but never got relegated

Maps
Locations of non-Java-based 2023–24 Liga 1 teams
Locations of Java-based 2023–24 Liga 1 teams

Former clubs

The following clubs competed in the Liga 1 for at least one season, but are not competing in the 2023–24 season.

Club Current
league		 Position
in 2022–23		 First season in
top division		 First season in
Liga 1		 Most recent
season in
Liga 1		 Seasons
in top
division		 Seasons
in Liga 1		 National
titles		 Last
title
Badak LampungInactive—201420142019550—
BontangaLiga 3Provincial league
cancelled		1994–952008–092010–111830—
DeltrasaLiga 2Abandoned1994–952008–092011–121630—
Gresik UnitedLiga 2Abandoned1994–952011–12201715512002
Kalteng PutraLiga 2Abandoned2013 (IPL)20192019210—
Mitra KukarLiga 3Provincial league
cancelled		1994–952011–12201810631987–88
(Galatama)
PerselaaLiga 2Abandoned20042008–092021–2216120—
PersemaLiga 3Provincial league
cancelled		1994–952009–102009–101410—
PersepamLiga 3Provincial league
cancelled		201320132014220—
PersibaaLiga 2Abandoned1994–952008–0920171680—
Persiba BantulLiga 3Provincial league
cancelled		2011–12 (IPL)20142014310—
PersidafonLiga 3Provincial league2011–122011–122012–13220—
PersijapaLiga 2Abandoned20012008–0920141040—
PersipuraaLiga 2Abandoned1994–952008–092021–22251242013
PersirajaLiga 2Abandoned1994–9520202021–2212211980
(Perserikatan)
PersitaraaLiga 3Provincial league
cancelled		20062008–092009–10420—
PersiwaaInactive—20062008–092012–13750—
PSAPLiga 3Provincial league
cancelled		2011–122011–122011–12110—
PSMSaLiga 2Abandoned1994–952008–09201815361985
(Perserikatan)
PSPSLiga 2Abandoned1999–20002009–102012–131040—
Semen PadangLiga 2Abandoned1994–952010–11201920512011–12
(IPL)
SriwijayaaLiga 2Abandoned1994–952008–09201819922011–12
  • Remark : Top division means the highest level of Indonesian football which includes the Liga Indonesia Premier Division until 2008 and the Indonesian Premier League during the dualism era.

a: Founding member of the Liga 1

All-time Liga 1 table

The All-time Liga 1 table is an overall record of all match results, points, and goals of every team that has played in Liga 1 since its inception in 2008. The table is accurate as of the end of the 2022–23 season. Because the 2014 season used a two-region format, as per statistical convention in football, matches decided in extra time are counted as wins and losses, while matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws. This all-time table also includes the abandoned 2015 and 2020 season.

Pos Team S Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
1Persib1336717690101586431+1556181123
2Persipura123331778967604331+273617[lower-roman 1]331–
3Arema[lower-alpha 1]1336617182113567417+150592[lower-roman 2]1211
4Persija1335815797104523386+1375681111
5Bali United[lower-alpha 2]1232515067108509410+9951721––
6Madura United[lower-alpha 3]1336613695135505477+28500[lower-roman 3]–––1
7PSM102631137278374321+53411111–
8Persela1233110983139449484−35410–––1
9Sriwijaya92551125588404359+453911–––
10Bhayangkara[lower-alpha 4]82011004952313219+94346[lower-roman 4]1–21
11Persikabo 1973[lower-alpha 5]102638369111344395−51318––––
12Barito Putera9230796091312334–22297––––
13Persiba8219755292289314−25277––1–
14Borneo Samarinda[lower-alpha 6]7175734854270212+58267–––1
15Persebaya6172714348271234+37256–1––
16Persiwa5164742367250242+8245–11–
17Mitra Kukar6164702668255262−7236––1–
18PSIS6173544178176236−60203––––
19Persik6159534165200222−22200–––1
20Persita6159414375165251−86166––––
21Semen Padang5124423844149151–2164–––1
22Badak Lampung[lower-alpha 7]5124363157128182−54139––––
23PSPS4130392071147245−98134[lower-roman 5]––––
24Persijap4116342656121190−69128––––
25PSS4105322637121151–30122––––
26Gresik United5125322766129253−124120[lower-roman 6]––––
27PSMS3102262650134186−52104––––
28Bontang[lower-alpha 8]396242448129185−5696––––
29Deltras39625185398155−5793––––
30Persidafon26821133496126−3076––––
31Persepam2541812247086−1666––––
32Persitara26816163677107−3064––––
33Persema134136154352−945––––
34Persis1341111125047+344––––
35Dewa United13489173453–1933––––
36Kalteng Putra13487193354−2131––––
37PSAP13469193366−3327––––
38RANS Nusantara134310214080–4019––––
39Persiraja23739251969–5018––––
40Persiba Bantul12023151753−369––––

Notes:

  1. Include stats as Arema Indonesia and Arema Cronus.
  2. Include stats as Persisam, Persisam Putra Samarinda, and Putra Samarinda.
  3. Include stats as Pelita Jaya, Pelita Bandung Raya, and Persipasi Bandung Raya.
  4. Include stats as Persebaya ISL.
  5. Include stats as Persiram, PS TNI, PS TIRA, and TIRA-Persikabo.
  6. Include stats as Pusamania Borneo and Borneo.
  7. Include stats as Perseru.
  8. Include stats as PKT Bontang.

Point deductions:

  1. Persipura were deducted 3 points in 2021–22 season.
  2. Arema were deducted 3 points in 2013 season.
  3. Madura United were deducted 3 points in 2017 season.
  4. Bhayangkara were deducted 3 points in 2014 season.
  5. PSPS Riau were deducted 3 points in 2010−11 season.
  6. Gresik United were deducted 3 points in 2017 season.

League or status at 2022–23:

2022–23 Liga 1 teams
2022–23 Liga 2 teams
2022–23 Liga 3 teams
Defunct teams

Players

Foreign players

Foreign players policy has changed multiple times since the league inception.

  • 2008–2013: 5 foreign players including 2 Asian quota.[43]
  • 2014: 4 foreign players including 1 Asian quota and only 3 can be on the field at a time.[44]
  • 2015: 3 foreign players. All 3 players can be on the field.[45]
  • 2017: 4 foreign players including 1 Asian quota and 1 marquee player quota. All 4 players can be on the field.[46]
  • 2018–2023: 4 foreign players including 1 Asian quota. All 4 players can be on the field.[47]
  • Scheduled for 2023: 6 foreign players including 1 ASEAN quota. Only 5 can be on the field at a time.[48]

Awards

Top scorers
Main article: List of Indonesian football competitions all-time top scorers
Season Player Nationality Club Goals Games Rate
2008–09 Boaz Solossa  Indonesia Persipura 28 31 0.90
Cristian Gonzáles[lower-alpha 1]  Uruguay Persik/Persib 28 1.00
2009–10 Aldo Barreto  Paraguay Bontang 19 32 0.59
2010–11 Boaz Solossa  Indonesia Persipura 22 27 0.81
2011–12 Alberto Gonçalves[lower-alpha 1]  Brazil Persipura 25 34 0.74
2013 Boaz Solossa  Indonesia Persipura 25 32 0.78
2014 Emmanuel Kenmogne  Cameroon Persebaya ISL 25 25 1.00
2017 Sylvano Comvalius  Netherlands Bali United 37 34 1.09
2018 Aleksandar Rakić  Serbia PS TIRA 21 34 0.62
2019 Marko Šimić  Croatia Persija 28 32 0.88
2021–22 Ilija Spasojević  Indonesia Bali United 23 34 0.68
2022–23 Matheus Pato  Brazil Borneo Samarinda 25 32 0.78

Notes:

  1. Had not been naturalized as an Indonesian citizen that time.

Best players
Season Player Position Nationality Club
2008–09 Boaz Solossa Forward  Indonesia Persipura
2009–10 Kurnia Meiga Goalkeeper  Indonesia Arema
2010–11 Boaz Solossa Forward  Indonesia Persipura
2011–12 Keith Gumbs Forward  Saint Kitts and Nevis Sriwijaya
2013 Boaz Solossa Forward  Indonesia Persipura
2014 Ferdinand Sinaga Forward  Indonesia Persib
2017 Paulo Sérgio Midfielder  Portugal Bhayangkara
2018 Rohit Chand Midfielder    Nepal Persija
2019 Renan Silva Midfielder  Brazil Borneo
2021–22 Taisei Marukawa Midfielder  Japan Persebaya
2022–23 Wiljan Pluim Midfielder  Netherlands PSM

Best coaches
Season Coach Nationality Club
2013 Jacksen F. Tiago  Brazil Persipura
2018 Stefano Cugurra  Brazil Persija
2019 Stefano Cugurra  Brazil Bali United
2021–22 Aji Santoso  Indonesia Persebaya
2022–23 Bernardo Tavares  Portugal PSM

Best goals
Season Player Nationality Club Opponent Date
2017 Septian David  Indonesia Mitra Kukar Persiba 10 November 2017
2019 David da Silva  Brazil Persebaya Arema 12 December 2019
2021–22 Carlos Fortes  Portugal Arema Persija 5 February 2022
2022–23 Matheus Pato  Brazil Borneo Samarinda Bali United 3 April 2023

Sponsorship
Period Sponsor(s) Name Ref.
2008–2012 Djarum Djarum Indonesia Super League [49][50]
2013–2014 No sponsor Indonesia Super League –
2015 QNB Group QNB League [51]
2017 Go-Jek and Traveloka Go-Jek Traveloka Liga 1 [52]
2018 Go-Jek Go-Jek Liga 1 [53]
2019–2020 Shopee Shopee Liga 1 [54][55]
2021–current Bank Rakyat Indonesia BRI Liga 1 [56][1]

Media coverage

Current
Broadcaster Coverage Year Summary Ref.
Indonesia Emtek Pay TV 2019, 2021–present Matches available for Nex Parabola customers. [57]
Free-to-air (FTA) 2018–present Up to five matches per week, live on Indosiar. Most big matches only available via analogue/digital terrestrial antenna. [58]
Up to three matches per week, live on Moji or Mentari TV. [59]
Streaming Live on Vidio Premier (pay) and Free (FTA). Up to five live matches per week (including big matches) must require a subscription (live coverage only available for Indonesia viewers) and non-Vidio Premier live matches (excluding big matches) available for free, with free highlights and free full coverage of 306 matches available in Indonesia and other countries via on demand (through Indosiar, Moji, Mentari TV, and Liga 1 official Vidio channels). [60]
Indonesia Telkom Indonesia All 306 matches live, available for IndiHome and Telkomsel customers. [61]
Pay TV

Former
Year Broadcaster
Free-to-air (FTA) Pay TV Streaming
2008–2012[62][63] Indonesia ANTV — —
2013[64] Indonesia VIVA[lower-alpha 1]
2014[65][66][67][68] Indonesia Kompas TV[lower-alpha 2] and MNC Media[lower-alpha 3] Indonesia K-Vision Indonesia Domikado[lower-alpha 4]
2015[69][70] Indonesia MNC Media[lower-alpha 3] and NET. Indonesia Lippo Group[lower-alpha 5] and Matrix Garuda
2017[71][72][73][74] Indonesia tvOne Indonesia Orange TV Malaysia iflix and SportsFlix
2018[75][76][77] Indonesia Orange TV and Matrix Garuda Malaysia SportsFlix
2019[78] — Indonesia Matrix Garuda —
2020–2022[79] Indonesia MVN[lower-alpha 6] Indonesia Vision+

Notes:

  1. ANTV and tvOne
  2. First round only
  3. RCTI, MNCTV, and GTV
  4. Second round to final in 2014
  5. First Media and Big TV
  6. K-Vision, MNC Vision, and MNC Play

Commercial partners
Year Partner
2013–2015[80][81] BV Sports

See also

References
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  2. "PSSI Ubah ISL Jadi Liga 1" (in Indonesian). Bola.net. 20 January 2017. Archived from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
  3. Kusdaroji, Reno (5 March 2023). Melati, Metta Rahma (ed.). "PSSI: Liga 1 dan Liga 2 Berubah Nama Musim Depan". Bolasport.com (in Indonesian).
  4. "Go-Jek Traveloka Liga 1". PSSI – Football Association of Indonesia (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 8 November 2017.
  5. Putra, Gerry (29 September 2016). "Sejarah Kompetisi Sepakbola di Indonesia: Dari Masa Pra-Kemerdekaan Hingga (Menuju) Liga Profesional". FourFourTwo (in Indonesian). p. 4. Archived from the original on 25 October 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  6. "ISL, Premier League Rasa Indonesia". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Kompas Cyber Media. 10 July 2008.
  7. Sihombing, Andrew (24 March 2018). Fitra, Aidina (ed.). "Mengejutkan, Boaz Selalu Cetak Gol Pertama Kompetisi Sejak Era ISL". superball.bolasport.com (in Indonesian).
  8. Ruslan, Heri, ed. (19 March 2012). "Inilah Kronologi Lengkap Perseteruan PSSI dan KPSI". Republika.co.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 21 March 2012.
  9. Anamisme, Mugiwara. "IPL, ISL dan Dampak Dualisme Sepakbola Nasional". Kompasiana.com (in Indonesian).
  10. Widiastuti, Rina (8 January 2011). "Liga Super Indonesia Menantang Liga Primer Indonesia". Tempo.co (in Indonesian).
  11. Yosia, Ario (3 April 2020). "Flashback Liga Indonesia: Noda Hitam Dualisme Kompetisi 2010–2012, Jangan Sampai Terulang Lagi!". Bola.com (in Indonesian).
  12. Adiyaksa, Muhammad (16 October 2020). "Kisah 4 Kali Matinya Kompetisi di Indonesia, Bagaimana Nasib Shopee Liga 1 2020?". Bola.com (in Indonesian).
  13. Al-Yamani, Zaky (30 September 2011). "Penentang Liga Super 24 Tim Bertambah". VIVA.co.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2011.
  14. "14 Klub Liga Indonesia Ancam Gelar Liga Tandingan". Detik.com (in Indonesian). 13 October 2011. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011.
  15. Karami, Luzman Rifqi (8 January 2013). "Pernyataan Djohar Dikecam Klub-klub ISL". VIVA.co.id (in Indonesian).
  16. Sammy, Abdullah (13 October 2011). Akhmad, Chairul (ed.). "Liga Indonesia Musim Depan Bernama Indonesia Premier League". Republika.co.id (in Indonesian).
  17. Afroni, Donny (17 March 2013). "Liga tetap bernama Indonesia Super League" (in Indonesian). Goal. Archived from the original on 20 March 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  18. a.yani (6 May 2013). "Enam Anggota Exco PSSI Dihukum 10 Tahun". Liputan6.com (in Indonesian).
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