Intermarium (region)

The Intermarium Region includes a group of geographically contiguous Central and Eastern European countries that share a common historical, social and cultural identity. Many were buffer socialist republics, either having been Soviet republics or otherwise subordinate to the USSR. As a region, the countries form a land buffer from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea[1] which may balance future Russian influence in Europe.[2][3]

Intermarium
Region
Map of the Three Seas Initiative
Map of the Three Seas Initiative

The term has gained use in the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine[4][5] as humanitarian and military aid have been offered to Ukraine, thereby increasing its defence resources (GDP). [6][7] Support for Ukraine also included numerous countries condemning Russian actions and imposing sanctions, including Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia. Other support includes: accelerated and expanded energy projects, communication projects, and various NATO defence projects including NATO Enhanced Forward Presence.[8]

Etymology

The definition of the Intermarium Region as a geopolitical centre does not refer to the similarly named concept put forward by Józef Piłsudski for the federalisation of European states. The term "Intermarium Region" refers to close cooperation within the European Union.[9] The formation of the Eastern Partnership, as well as Benelux and the Visegrád Group, and later the Three Seas Initiative created a regional dialogue on questions affecting the member states.[10][11][12] The Lublin Triangle was established to strengthen mutual military, cultural, economic and political cooperation and to support Ukraine's integration into the European Union and NATO.

Geopolitics

Countries close to the border with Ukraine and Russia are exposed to the impact of Russian energy blackmail and economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The Intermarium region, together with the countries of the European Union accelerated energy, communications, defence projects[13] and will participate in the reconstruction of Ukraine.[14] Which has become an official candidate for membership of the European Union. This will enable these countries to form a buffer from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea in the future, balancing Russian imperial influence in Europe.[15] The American geopolitician George Friedman refer of the Intermarium region in their works or speeches.[16][17]

See also

References
  1. "The Role of Poland and Polonia in the Current Global Balance of Power" (PDF).
  2. Davydenko, Denys. "Denys Davydenko, Book Review, 'The Intermarium as the Polish-Ukrainian Linchpin of Baltic-Black Sea Cooperation' by Ostap Kushnir (ed.), Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2019, pp. 210". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. "Principles of War and Operational Art in the Context of the Future Security" (PDF). Retrieved 2022-09-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. "The economic and geostrategic significance of the Black Sea region and the imperialist proxy war against Russia in Ukraine". World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved 2022-09-17.
  5. "Standoff Between Old and New Europe - Kyiv Post - Ukraine's Global Voice". Kyiv Post. Retrieved 2022-09-17.
  6. "Russia underestimated the possible support from Poland and the Baltic States to Ukraine [interview]". defence24.com (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-09-17.
  7. "Greece, Romania, Poland, Lithuania call for special treatment of defence in EU debt rules | eKathimerini.com". www.ekathimerini.com. Retrieved 2022-09-17.
  8. Umland, Andreas (2022-01-01). "The Intermarium Idea in the Post-Soviet Period: Ideas and Institutions for a Security Alliance between the Baltic and Black Seas". Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society.
  9. Ištok, Robert; Kozárová, Irina; Polačková, Anna (2021-01-05). "The Intermarium as a Polish Geopolitical Concept in History and in the Present". Geopolitics. 26 (1): 314–341. doi:10.1080/14650045.2018.1551206. ISSN 1465-0045. S2CID 150017817.
  10. "Comparing strategic cultures of selected member states of the Three Seas Initiative" (PDF).
  11. "Trimarium is not Intermarium". New Eastern Europe - A bimonthly news magazine dedicated to Central and Eastern European affairs. 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2022-09-17.
  12. "Intermarium in the 21st Century". The Institute of World Politics. 2020-12-24. Retrieved 2022-09-17.
  13. "Inauguration of the gas interconnector between Poland and Slovakia". European Commission - European Commission. Retrieved 2022-09-17.
  14. Ptak, Alicja (2022-07-07). "Hundreds of Polish companies sign up for scheme to rebuild Ukraine after war". Notes From Poland. Retrieved 2022-09-17.
  15. The Intermarium What is it? Poland Ukraine Baltics | George Friedman, retrieved 2022-09-17
  16. "From the Intermarium to the Three Seas". Geopolitical Futures. 2017-07-07. Retrieved 2023-01-03.
  17. Redakcja (2015-09-22). "George Friedman o Intermarium". Portal Międzymorza JAGIELLONIA.ORG (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-01-03.
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