Jatki language

Jatki, Jadgali, and other related terms have sometimes been used to refer to one or another of the Indo-Aryan languages spoken in Balochistan and neighbouring parts of Sindh and Punjab. These terms have their origin in the association (real or perceived) between speakers of those languages and either the Jats or, more broadly, other settled agriculturalist communities.

  • Jatki was used in 19th-century British sources for what would later be called Saraiki, as well as for Khetrani.[1] Jaṭkī is also attested in local use in Balochistan as a name for these two languages as well as for Sindhi.[2][3] Jataki was used by 19th-century British writer Richard Francis Burton for a variety of the Saraiki language.[4]
  • Jakati is a possibly spurious name used in the Ethnologue encyclopedia for either a Romani variety of Ukraine, or for the Inku language of Afghanistan.[5]
  • Jaḍgālī (IPA: [dʒaɖɡaːliː]) is the common name for the Jadgali language spoken in Iranian Balochistan and western parts of Pakistani Balochistan.[6] In eastern Balochistan, this term and the related Jagḍālī [2] have been attested among the Baloch as a name for Sindhi and Lahnda varieties, including Saraiki.[7] Related to the above are Jagdālī (جگدالی),[8] and Jaghdali,[9] in use among the Balochi speakers of Dera Ghazi Khan District of southwestern Punjab for the Saraiki variety spoken there. The Arabic terms az-Zighālī and az-Zijālī refer to speakers of the Jadgali language in the diaspora in Oman and the United Arab Emirates.[10]
  • Jatki is a dialect of Punjabi spoken in the Pakistani districts of Jhang, Sargodha, Mandi Bahauddin, Bahawalnagar, Toba Tek Singh, Chiniot, Khushab, Sahiwal, Okara, Pakpattan, Vehari, and Khanewal[11] in the area of 49,121 km2. The population of the above-mentioned districts is 26,374,221 [12] according to the 2017 census in which the Jatki language is local and in majority. It is an intermediate language between Punjabi and Saraiki. It is a combination of the Shahpuri dialect and the Jhangvi dialect. the glottolog codes for these dialects are:

These are not to be confused with Jatu, a variety of the Haryanvi language.[17]

References
  1. Wagha 1990, p. 6; an example is found in Jukes (1900, p. iii).
  2. Grierson 1919, p. 158.
  3. Elfenbein 1990, p. 74.
  4. Wagha 1990, p. 7.
  5. Hammarström, Forkel & Haspelmath 2020.
  6. Delforooz 2008.
  7. Grierson 1919, p. 158, Elfenbein 1990, p. 70. In Hughes-Buller, Minchin & Rai (1907, p. 48) it is reported to be used by the Brahuis of Lasbela District to refer to Sindhi.
  8. Abdul Haq 1967, p. 128; O'Brien 1903, p. i (in the latter it is anglicised as Jagdalli.)
  9. Wagha 1990, p. 6.
  10. Delforooz 2008, p. 25.
  11. Geo-political history of Punjab region The Nation (newspaper), Published 29 September 2015, Retrieved 3 September 2020
  12. 2017 Census district wise District wise population report of Punjab and other provinces according to census 2017
  13. "Glottolog 4.7 - Shahpuri". Glottolog.org. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  14. "Glottolog 4.7 - Jatki". Glottolog.org. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  15. "Glottolog 4.7 - Jhangi". Glottolog.org. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  16. "Glottolog 4.7 - Dhanni". Glottolog.org. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  17. Masica 1991, p. 430.

Bibliography
  • Abdul Haq, Mehr (1967). Multānī zabān aur us kā Urdū se taʻalluq (in Urdu). Bahāvalpūr: Urdū Akādamī.
  • Delforooz, Behrooz Barjasteh (2008). "A sociolinguistic survey among the Jagdal in Iranian Balochistan". In Jahani, Carina; Korn, Agnes; Titus, Paul Brian (eds.). The Baloch and others: linguistic, historical and socio-political perspectives on pluralism in Balochistan. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag. pp. 23–44. ISBN 978-3-89500-591-6.
  • Elfenbein, Josef H. (1990). An Anthology of classical and modern Balochi literature. Vol. II: Glossary. Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz. ISBN 3447030305.
  • Grierson, George A. (1919). Linguistic Survey of India. Vol. VIII, Part 1, Indo-Aryan family. North-western group. Specimens of Sindhī and Lahndā. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India.
  • Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin (2020). "Inku". Glottolog 4.2.1. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  • Hughes-Buller, R.; Minchin, C. F.; Rai, Jamiat (1907). Baluchistan district gazetteers. Vol. 8, Las Bela district. Allahabad: Pioneer Press.
  • Jukes, A. (1900). Dictionary of the Jatki or Western Panjabi language. Lahore: Religious Book and Tract Society.
  • Masica, Colin P. (1991). The Indo-Aryan languages. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-23420-7.
  • O'Brien, Edward (1903). Glossary of the Multani language, or south-western Panjabi ([Revised edition] ed.). Lahore: Punjab Government Press.
  • Wagha, Muhammad Ahsan (1990). The Siraiki language : its growth and development. Islamabad: Derawar Publications.
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