Katsina

Katsina, likely from "Tamashek" (meaning son or blood) or mazza (men) with "inna" (mother)[1] is a Local Government Area and the capital city of Katsina State, in northern Nigeria.[2] Katsina is located some 260 kilometres (160 mi) east of the city of Sokoto and 135 kilometres (84 mi) northwest of Kano, close to the border with Niger, Republic.

This article is about the Nigerian city. For the village in Estonia, see Katsina, Estonia. For the Hopi Spirit, see Kachina.

Katsina
Emir's Palace in Katsina
Emir's Palace in Katsina
Nickname(s): 
KT, KT 1T, Katsina ta Korau ɗakin kara.
Katsina is located in Nigeria
Katsina
Katsina
Location in Nigeria
Coordinates: 12°59′20″N 07°36′03″E
Country Nigeria
State Katsina State
Government
 • ChairmanHamisu Gambo
 • EmirAbdulmumini Kabir Usman
Area
 • Total142 km2 (55 sq mi)
Population
 (2006)
 • Total318,459
Time zoneWest Africa Time
3-digit postal code prefix
820
ISO 3166 codeNG.KT.KA
ClimateBSh

In 2016, Katsina's estimated population was 429,000.[3]

The city is the centre of an agricultural region production of groundnuts, cotton, hides, millet and guinea corn[2] and also has mills for producing peanut oil, and steel, it was also a center for large scale poultry farming of cows, goats, sheep and chickens.

The city has a largely Muslims population mainly from the Hausa and Fulani ethnics group.

Former Nigerian late President Umaru Yar'adua was a nobleman of Katsina.[4]

The incumbent Governor of Katsina State is Aminu Bello Masari,[5] who was sworn in as the executive Governor of the State on 29 May 2015, who had succeeded Barrister Ibrahim Shema.[6]

Emirs palace entrance
Katsina Emirate "Gidan Korau"

Katsina Emirate

The Katsina Royal Palace known as 'Gidan Korau' is a huge complex located in the centre of the ancient city. It is a symbol of culture, history and traditions of 'Katsinawa'. According to historical account, it was built in 1348 CE by Muhammadu Korau, who is believed to have been the first Muslim King of Katsina. This explains why it is traditionally known as 'Gidan Korau' (House of Korau). It is one of the oldest and among the first generation palaces, along with Daura, Kano and Zazzau. The palace was encircled with a rampart, 'Ganuwar Gidan Sarki' (which is now gone). The main gate which leads to the palace is known as 'Kofar Soro', while the gate at the backyard is called 'Kofar Bai' (now gone). The Emir's residential quarters at the epicenter of the Palace is a large compound built in the typical traditional architectural style.[7] The current Emir of Katsina is Alhaji Abdulmumini Kabir Usman, a Fulani legacy.

Other local governments

Katsina State has 34 local governments. The local governments area of Katsina is an area of 142 km2, with a population of 318,459 at the 2006 census. The local government are as follows:

Source: Katsina culture and history board, office of the surveyor of Katsina State

The postal code of the area is 820.[8]

History

Surrounded by city wall 21 kilometres (13 mi) in length, Katsina is believed to have been founded circa 1100.[2] In pre-Islamic times, Katsina's semi-divine ruler was known as the Sarki, who faced a summary death-sentence if found to be ruling incompetently. From the 17th to the 18th century, Katsina was the commercial heart of Hausaland and became the largest of the seven Hausa city-states. Katsina was conquered by the Fulani during the Fulani War in 1807. In 1903, the Emir, Abubakar dan Ibrahim, accepted British rule, which continued until Nigerian independence from Britain in 1960.

During sub-Saharan trade, the city of Katsina was known to be one of the most vibrant and strong commercial centres, and was believed to be the strongest with the Hausa kingdoms in terms of commerce, trade and craft. The German explorer Friedrich Hornemann reached Katsina, the first Westerner to do so, at the beginning of the 19th century.

The city's history of western-style education dates back to the early 1950s, when the first middle school in northern Nigeria was established (Katsina Teachers College). There are now several institutions of higher learning, including two universities: Umaru Musa Yar'adua University and the private Alqalam University, a polytechnic Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic and a Federal College of Education, Katsina. The city of Katsina is also home to an 18th-century mosque featuring the Gobarau Minaret, a 15-metre (50 ft) tower made from mud and palm branches.[2]

2020 Boko Haram incident

In December, 2020, over 300 schoolboys were kidnapped from their boarding school in Katsina.[9] 344 of the boys were returned safely within a week.[9] Boko Haram took credit for the incident,[9] but local officials expressed skepticism about the claim, noting that Boko Haram had not been previously active in the region.[10]

  • The Emir of Katsina, Muhammad Dikko dan Gidado, and other officials, 1911
    The Emir of Katsina, Muhammad Dikko dan Gidado, and other officials, 1911
  • Livestock market in Katsina, 1911
    Livestock market in Katsina, 1911
  • Aerial view of Katsina
    Aerial view of Katsina

Higher education institutions in the city of Katsina

Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Katsina has a hot semi-arid climate, abbreviated BSh on climate maps.[16]

Climate data for Katsina
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 36.7
(98.1)		 39.4
(102.9)		 41.7
(107.1)		 42.2
(108.0)		 42.2
(108.0)		 41.1
(106.0)		 36.1
(97.0)		 33.3
(91.9)		 35.0
(95.0)		 37.2
(99.0)		 37.2
(99.0)		 36.7
(98.1)		 42.2
(108.0)
Average high °C (°F) 30.1
(86.2)		 32.8
(91.0)		 36.4
(97.5)		 38.6
(101.5)		 37.8
(100.0)		 34.6
(94.3)		 30.8
(87.4)		 28.8
(83.8)		 30.9
(87.6)		 34.0
(93.2)		 33.1
(91.6)		 30.2
(86.4)		 33.2
(91.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 21.1
(70.0)		 23.6
(74.5)		 27.8
(82.0)		 30.8
(87.4)		 31.0
(87.8)		 28.6
(83.5)		 25.9
(78.6)		 24.6
(76.3)		 25.8
(78.4)		 26.7
(80.1)		 24.1
(75.4)		 21.2
(70.2)		 25.9
(78.6)
Average low °C (°F) 12.0
(53.6)		 14.3
(57.7)		 19.1
(66.4)		 23.1
(73.6)		 24.2
(75.6)		 22.7
(72.9)		 21.1
(70.0)		 20.6
(69.1)		 20.7
(69.3)		 19.3
(66.7)		 15.1
(59.2)		 12.1
(53.8)		 18.7
(65.7)
Record low °C (°F) 5.0
(41.0)		 5.6
(42.1)		 4.4
(39.9)		 11.7
(53.1)		 18.3
(64.9)		 16.7
(62.1)		 15.0
(59.0)		 16.7
(62.1)		 16.7
(62.1)		 8.3
(46.9)		 5.6
(42.1)		 5.6
(42.1)		 4.4
(39.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 0.5
(0.02)		 0.5
(0.02)		 0.5
(0.02)		 5.0
(0.20)		 56.0
(2.20)		 84.0
(3.31)		 185.0
(7.28)		 274.0
(10.79)		 127.0
(5.00)		 10.0
(0.39)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 742.0
(29.21)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.3 mm) 0 0 0 1 5 8 15 17 13 2 0 0 61
Average relative humidity (%) (at 07:00 LST) 39 32 28 41 62 77 88 93 92 76 49 44 60
Mean monthly sunshine hours 279.0 257.1 257.3 261.0 288.3 267.0 244.9 220.1 246.0 285.2 285.0 275.9 3,166.8
Mean daily sunshine hours 9.0 9.1 8.3 8.7 9.3 8.9 7.9 7.1 8.2 9.2 9.5 8.9 8.6
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst[17]

Rainfall

Katsina State usually record zero average rainfall from November to March, 1 millimetre (0.04 in), 9 millimetres (0.35 in) and 41 millimetres (1.61 in) in April, May and June respectively, and 85 millimetres (3.35 in), 119 millimetres (4.69 in), 40 millimetres (1.57 in) and 8 millimetres (0.31 in) for the months of July, August, September and October.[18]

The table below shows record of rainfall from 1990 to 2019 obtained from Nimet Katsina.

Rainfall Record of Katsina City
S/N Code Years January February March April May June July August September October November December
1. 65028 1990 0 0 0 0 29.9 57.9 198.8 220.2 34.7 0 0 0
2. 65028 1991 0 0 10.8 12.2 73.5 58.8 71.5 109.7 21.1 1.4 0 0
3. 65028 1992 0 0 0 0 33.6 19.9 89.3 119.4 70.7 0.2 0 0
4. 65028 1993 0 0 0 0 4.5 42.3 69 94.5 51.7 0 0 0
5. 65028 1994 0 0 0 3.1 12.3 42.3 107.9 174.2 113.1 20.3 0 0
6. 65028 1995 0 0 0 10 30 70 80 120 80 10 0 0
7. 65028 1996 0 0 0 0 42.6 44.5 38.1 66.8 67.8 0 0 0
8. 65028 1997 0 0 7.2 9.5 89.5 30.4 91.1 153.7 56.5 8.3 0 0
9. 65028 1998 0 0 0 10.1 11.4 43.4 114.1 116.6 135.2 0.8 0 0
10. 65028 1999 0 0 0 0 4.2 22.4 149.2 89.8 132.3 18.4 0 0
11. 65028 2000 0 0 0 0 1.6 106.8 299.9 160.2 62.1 45 0 0
12. 65028 2001 0 0 0 16.9 83.9 110.8 176 240.9 70.6 0 0 0
13. 65028 2002 0 0 0 0 2.9 141.3 170.4 71.3 199.1 9.8 0 0
14. 65028 2003 0 0 0 4 52.8 57.2 118.2 275.5 75.1 16.4 0 0
15. 65028 2004 0 0 0 0 74.9 151.2 161.1 268.8 42 0 0 0
16. 65028 2005 0 0 0 14.8 18.4 83.2 173.7 216.1 194 50.4 0 0
17. 65028 2006 0 0 0 0 26.1 69.9 170.9 314.9 129.7 15 0 0
18. 65028 2007 0 0 0 6.2 84.9 135.2 117.4 314.9 45.5 0 0 0
19. 65028 2008 0 0 0 16.6 8.5 63.3 182.9 213.9 67.7 4.2 0 0
20. 65028 2009 0 0 0 0 95 57.9 96.5 123.3 38.3 29 0 0
21. 65028 2010 0 0 0 85.6 8.1 118.8 226.1 448.9 76.6 48.6 0 0
22. 65028 2011 0 0 0 0 38 149.2 116.6 180.6 67.3 8 0 0
23. 65028 2012 0 0 0 0 59.5 135.2 117.4 314.9 129.7 15 0 0
24. 65028 2013 0 0 0 42.4 36.7 103.2 89 274.7 107.6 10.2 0 0
25. 65028 2014 0 0 0 0 38.1 39.5 178.9 178.7 46.3 0 0 0
26. 65028 2015 0 0 0 0 0 89.1 178.9 274.7 46.3 9 0 0
27. 65028 2016 0 0 0 0 4.5 42.3 69 94.5 59.5 0 0 0
28. 65028 2017 0 0 0 10.1 11.4 62 114.1 16.6 135.2 0.8 0 0
29. 65028 2018 0 0 0 0 2.9 141.3 170.4 149.7 199.1 63.8 0 0
30. 65028 2019 0 0 0 11.6 8.1 118.8 232.7 359.1 98.6 26.6 0 0

Source: Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Katsina 2021.

Temperature

Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or place.

Maximum temperatures

The temperature of Katsina is usually high, with April having the hottest average high temperature of 40.8 °C or 105.4 °F while December having the mildest average high temperature of 31.4 °C or 88.5 °F.[18]

The table below contains the highest temperature each month from 1985 to 2017.

S/N Code Year January February March April May Juni July August September October November December
1. 65028 1985 31.7 29.7 36.5 36.5 38.6 35.9 31.6 31.3 33.2 35.5 33.9 28.2
2. 65028 1986 38.9 34.7 37 40.2 39.2 37 31.5 31.4 32.2 35.4 33.3 37.4
3. 65028 1987 30.4 33.6 36 37.6 40.1 36.6 35.1 32.6 34.4 35.7 34.1 30.1
4. 65028 1988 28.4 32 36.7 39 39.2 35.3 31.9 29.5 31.9 34.3 33.7 28.5
5. 65028 1989 26 28.4 35.2 39.3 38.3 36.2 32.4 30.9 32.6 33.6 33.6 29.6
6. 65028 1990 32.2 30.1 33.5 39.9 38.1 36.7 31.7 31.4 33.9 36.7 35.5 34
7. 65028 1991 29.4 35.9 35.9 39 35.3 35.1 31 30.5 34.4 36.4 33.3 28.9
8. 65038 1992 29.1 30.1 36.4 39 36.5 35.6 31 30.3 32.4 35.7 31.5 30.2
9. 65028 1993 36.5 32.5 36.5 39.3 39.3 36.5 33.3 31.5 33.1 36.9 35.5 29.5
10. 65028 1994 29.5 31.6 38.2 38.7 38.9 35.4 31.8 29.5 31.4 34.1 32.3 27.4
11. 65028 1995 27.7 31 38.1 38.8 38.3 36.1 32.9 30.9 32.6 35.4 32.2 31.7
12. 65028 1996 32.1 34.8 37.6 39.3 38.3 34.5 33.6 30.3 32.3 35.3 31.2 31.8
13. 65028 1997 31.3 28.5 34.8 38.3 36.5 35.1 32.4 31.7 33.6 36.5 35.6 30.4
14. 65028 1998 29.4 33.5 33.9 40.2 39.3 35.6 32.1 30.8 31.6 34.9 34.9 30.6
15. 65028 1999 30.8 34 39 39.5 39.3 38.1 31.7 29.5 31.4 33.4 33.2 29.7
16. 65028 2000 31 28.6 35.2 40.5 39.6 35.3 31 31 32.9 33.8 33.8 29.6
17. 65028 2001 29.3 30.4 36.9 38 37.8 34.3 31.3 30 32 34.8 33.6 31.9
18. 65028 2002 26.3 31.6 37 39.8 40.8 36 32.5 31.1 32.2 32.4 33.8 31
19. 65028 2003 34.7 35.3 39.6 39.4 34.4 35.6 31.3 30.8 32.8 33.8 33.5 31.7
20. 65028 2004 32 29.9 40 39 36.5 32 30 33 36 34 33.9 31.9
21 65028 2005 13.4 19.4 22 24 25.2 24.2 22.7 21.6 22.3 20 16.2 14
22. 65028 2006 15 18.1 20 21.4 26 25 23.2 22 22.2 22 15 11.8
23. 65028 2007 12.8 13.6 18.3 22.7 24.4 23.8 21.5 20.3 20.5 17.6 13.3 10.7
24. 65028 2008 9.5 14.4 20 21.2 23.2 22.8 21.1 19.5 19.8 17.5 13.3 11.5
25. 65028 2009 11.1 14.2 19.2 23.4 24.2 22.4 22.4 21.1 22.1 21.5 14.6 13.6
26. 65028 2010 14.5 17 19.7 23.8 23.7 23.8 22 20.7 21.9 19.6 14.3 14.1
27. 65028 2011 13.3 17.9 17.5 22.3 24.7 23.8 20.6 20.5 21.2 21.2 16.1 12.2
28. 65028 2012 12.6 16.4 18.6 25.4 26.3 23.4 21.3 20.4 21.8 22.1 19.0 14.6
29. 65028 2013 30.7 34.3 39.8 37.8 38.8 35.6 32.5 29.9 32.8 34.9 34.9 31.1
30. 65028 2014 30.8 32.2 37.5 39.7 37.6 36.6 33.4 30.7 32.5 35.9 34.8 30.7
31. 65028 2015 28.2 35.1 36.1 37.5 40.3 37.4 33.4 33.1 32.5 35.9 33.3 36.1
32. 65028 2016 28.2 32.5 38.5 40.5 39 35.1 32.2 30.9 32.3 36.5 35.5 30.7
33. 65028 2017 27.8 31.6 37.5 39.5 39 34.7 31.9 31 32.9 35.7 34.1 30.2

Source: Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Katsina, 2021

Lowest temperatures

January is usually the coldest month of the year in Katsina having the lowest average low temperatures of 14.7 °C or 58.5 °F.[18]

S/N Code Year January February March April May June July August September October November December
1. 65028 1985 16 14.7 22.6 24.2 26.7 24.4 22.2 22.2 22.6 21 17.5 14.7
2. 65028 1986 12.7 18 23.4 26.2 26.6 25.2 21.9 21.8 22.2 20.8 17.9 12.8
3. 65028 1987 13.1 16.7 21.4 22.3 25.2 24.9 23.9 22.6 23.6 22.5 17.5 14.5
4. 65028 1988 14.4 16.4 21.6 26.6 24.5 24.5 22.7 21.2 22.3 19.6 16.2 13.5
5. 65028 1989 11.1 13.8 18.9 23.1 25.1 24.4 22.2 21.7 22.8 20.6 15.8 13.8
6. 65028 1990 15.5 14.3 17 25.7 25.7 25.1 22.4 25.8 23.4 21 18.1 17.4
7. 65028 1991 13.7 18.9 21.7 25.5 24.5 24.4 16.2 12.6
8. 65028 1992 12.5 13.9 21.9 24.4 25.1 23.7 21.4 21.1 21.6 20.3 16.5 12.7
9. 65028 1993 11.3 15 19.7 22.7 24.9 23.1 21.1 20.7 21.1 20.5 17.5 12.5
10. 65028 1994 12.5 13.5 19.5 23.7 24.2 22.1 20 19.1 19.6 20.7 13.5 10.5
11. 65028 1995 11.2 13 19.1 22.7 23.5 22.2 20.5 19.4 19.7 19.8 14 12.4
12. 65028 1996 11.4 14.2 18.7 20.8 22.3 20.6 20 18.8 19 18.7 11.8 12.2
13. 65028 1997 14 14.1 21.1 24.7 24.6 24 22.9 22.3 23.1 23.5 18.9 14.2
14. 65028 1998 13.7 17.5 18.6 25.8 27.7 24.5 23.1 21.8 22.3 21.3 16.9 13.3
15. 65028 1999 12.6 16 20.2 23.1 24.7 24.1 20.8 20.4 20.7 19 15.1 11.3
16. 65028 2000 13 11.2 16.7 19 24.3 23.5 21 21 21.9 19.9 14.1 11
17. 65028 2001 20.2 12.6 16.5 23 24.6 23.2 22 21 21.9 19.7 14.6 12.8
18. 65028 2002 11.7 13.5 20 25.6 26 24 22.1 21.9 22.3 19.8 13.9 12.8
19. 65028 2003 16.5 18.6 24.4 24 23.6 23.5 22.2 22.1 22.5 19.9 14.5 12.5
20. 65028 2004 16 17.5 25 25 24.2 22 21 22 20 17 14.7 12.3
21 65028 2005 13.4 19.4 22 24 25.2 24.2 22.7 21.6 22.3 20 16.2 14
22 65028 2006 15 18.1 20 21.4 26 25 23.2 22 22.2 22 15 11.8
23. 65028 2007 12.8 13.6 18.3 22.7 24.4 23.8 21.5 20.3 20.5 17.6 13.3 10.7
24. 65028 2008 9.5 14.4 20 21.2 23.2 22.8 21.1 19.5 19.8 17.5 13.3 11.5
25. 65028 2009 11.1 14.2 19.2 23.4 24.2 22.4 22.4 21.1 21.1 21.5 14.6 13.6
26. 65028 2010 14.5 17 19.7 23.8 23.7 23.8 22 20.7 21.9 19.6 14.3 14.1
27. 65028 2011 13.3 17.9 17.5 22.3 24.7 23.8 20.6 20.5 21.2 21.2 16.1 12.2
28. 65028 2012 12.6 16.4 18.6 25.4 26.3 23.4 21.3 20.4 21.8 22.1 19.0 14.6
29. 65028 2013 14.3 15.8 22.1 23.4 24.3 22.7 21.9 21 22.3 20.9 18.3 15.9
30. 65028 2014 14.3 16.7 21.7 25.8 25.8 26.7 24.2 22.1 22.3 20.7 18.2 14.2
31. 65028 2015 12.3 18.1 20.8 22.2 26.6 24.8 22.7 22.3 23.3 17.6 13.3
32. 65028 2016 13.5 16.5 24.2 27.1 26.8 24.9 23.2 22.2 22 22.3 18.7 13.1
33. 65028 2017 13.4 16.4 19.9 25 27.1 24.8 23.1 22.4 23.1 19.9 16.6 15.4

Source: Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Katsina 2021

Notable people

See also

References
  1. Palmer, H. R. (1927). "History of Katsina". Journal of the Royal African Society. 26 (103): 216–236. ISSN 0368-4016. JSTOR 716276.
  2. Katsina The Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved February 20, 2007.
  3. Katsina (State, Nigeria) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location, on March 21, 2016.
  4. "Umaru Musa Yar'Adua | president of Nigeria". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
  5. "Buhari, Katsina governor meet inside Aso Rock". Punch Newspapers. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
  6. "Biography of Katsina former Governor Ibrahim Shehu Shema". Katsina Post. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
  7. "KATSINA EMIRATE COUNCIL". Archived from the original on 2011-11-14. Retrieved 2015-08-06.. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
  8. "Post Offices- with map of LGA". NIPOST. Archived from the original on 2009-10-07. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
  9. "Nigeria school attack: Hundreds of boys". BBC News. 2020-12-17. Archived from the original on 2021-02-28. Retrieved 2021-02-28.
  10. Giles, Christopher (19 December 2020). "Nigeria school kidnappings: Is Boko Haram responsible?". BBC.
  11. "FG leases federal teaching hospital to UMYU for MBBS clinicals". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 2022-12-22. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  12. Kehinde, Opeyemi (2019-01-07). "None of our student is kidnapped, killed – Al-Qalam University". Daily Trust. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  13. "TETFund: Katsina poly gets N1 billion for petrol, engineering courses". 2022-11-16. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  14. "Teacher Arrested For Allegedly Poisoning Friend To Death In Katsina". Channels Television. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  15. http://katsinapost.com.ng/2018/05/17/7-institutions-currently-running-degree-programs-in-katsina/
  16. Climate Summary for Katsina
  17. "Klimatafel von Katsina / Nigeria" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  18. "Katsina, Nigeria - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast". Weather Atlas. Yu Media Group. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  • Media related to Katsina at Wikimedia Commons
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