'Ali-Sultan

Ali Sultan
Ali Sultan
	The Martyrdom of the Franciscans, painted by Ambrogio Lorenzetti in 1342, took place in Almaliq in 1339. The central ruler who ordered the killing was Ali-Sultan.[1][2]
Khan of Chagatai Khanate
Reign	1339-1342
Predecessor	Yesun Temur
Successor	Muhammad I ibn Pulad
Born	unknown
Died	1342

'Ali Khalil, also known as Ali-Sultan , was the khan (r.1339-1342)[3] of the Chagatai Khanate. He was a descendant of Qadan, son of the second Great Khan Ögedei.

'Ali attacked the ordo (palace) of Yesun Temur and usurped the throne. He was the first and last one who had restored the Ögedeid authority over the Chagatai Khanate since the reigns of Kaidu and his son Chapar. During his reign, Islam fully absorbed the Chagatai Mongols and 'Ali persecuted non-Muslim religions. He is the one who ordered the killing of six Franciscan monks at Almalik in 1339, as depicted in The Martyrdom of the Franciscans, by Ambrogio Lorenzetti.[1]

Ali Sultan, as depicted by Ambrogio Lorenzetti in 1342
Mongol tumen commander.
Franciscan monks awaiting execution

References

Prazniak, Roxann (31 March 2019). Sudden Appearances: The Mongol Turn in Commerce, Belief, and Art. University of Hawaii Press. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-8248-7808-5.
Camps, Arnulf (15 February 2000). Studies in Asian Mission History, 1956-1998. BRILL. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-474-0031-8.
Baumer, Christoph (30 May 2016). The History of Central Asia: The Age of Islam and the Mongols. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 319. ISBN 978-1-83860-940-5.

Ц.Энхчимэг - "Монголын цагаадайн улс" 2006 он
THE SHAJRAT UL ATRAK,OR GENEALOGICAL TREE OF THE TURKS AND TATARS; TRANSLATED AND ABRIDGED translated by Col. Miles.

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[RP-1] Prazniak, Roxann (31 March 2019). Sudden Appearances: The Mongol Turn in Commerce, Belief, and Art. University of Hawaii Press. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-8248-7808-5.

[2] Camps, Arnulf (15 February 2000). Studies in Asian Mission History, 1956-1998. BRILL. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-474-0031-8.

[3] Baumer, Christoph (30 May 2016). The History of Central Asia: The Age of Islam and the Mongols. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 319. ISBN 978-1-83860-940-5.