Newton-second

The newton-second (also newton second; symbol: N⋅s or N s)[1] is the unit of impulse in the International System of Units (SI). It is dimensionally equivalent to the momentum unit kilogram-metre per second (kg⋅m/s). One newton-second corresponds to a one-newton force applied for one second.

newton-second
For objects moving with the same velocity (v), each object's momentum (p) is proportional to its mass (m).
General information
Unit systemSI
Unit ofimpulse and momentum
SymbolN⋅s
Named afterIsaac Newton
In SI base units:kg⋅m/s

It can be used to identify the resultant velocity of a mass if a force accelerates the mass for a specific time interval.

Definition

Momentum is given by the formula:

  • is the momentum in newton-seconds (N⋅s) or "kilogram-metres per second" (kg⋅m/s)
  • is the mass in kilograms (kg)
  • is the velocity in metres per second (m/s)

Examples

This table gives the magnitudes of some momenta for various masses and speeds.

Mass
(kg)		 Speed
(m/s)		 Momentum
(N⋅s)		 Explanation
0.42 2.4 1 A 420-gram (15 oz) football (FIFA specified weight for outdoor size 5) kicked to a speed of 8.6 km/h (5.3 mph).
0.42 38 16 The momentum of the famous football kick of the Brazilian player Roberto Carlos in the match against France in 1997. The football had a speed of 137 km/h (85 mph), making it one of the hardest kicks measured.
1300 10 13000 A four-door car weighing 1300 kg (2900 lb) crashing at 36 km/h (22 mph).
2000 10 20000 A mid-size SUV weighing 2000 kg (4400 lb) crashing at 36 km/h (22 mph).
6 1 6 The total impulse of a class C model rocket engine, which can be found in amateur fireworks.
10 2 20 The total impulse of a class D model rocket engine, which also can be found in amateur fireworks.
2030000 8050 1.63×1010 Space Shuttle launched from earth to orbit
45702 10834 4.95×108 Apollo 11 launched from earth to orbit
0.0075 350 2.6 A 7.5-gram (0.26 oz) handgun bullet (e.g. 9mm Parabellum) fired at 350 m/s (1100 ft/s).
0.004 945 3.8 A 4-gram (0.14 oz) assault rifle bullet (e.g. 5.56×45mm NATO) fired at 945 m/s (3100 ft/s).
0.05 860 43 A 50-gram (1.8 oz) anti-material bullet (e.g. .50 BMG) fired at 860 m/s (2800 ft/s).

See also

References
  1. International Bureau of Weights and Measures (2006), The International System of Units (SI) (PDF) (8th ed.), ISBN 92-822-2213-6, archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-04, retrieved 2021-12-16


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