Klawdziy Duzh-Dushewski

Kłaŭdziy Stsiapanavich Duzh-Dusheŭski (Belarusian: Клаўдзій Сцяпанавіч Дуж-Душэўскі, Lithuanian: Klaudijus Dušauskas-Duž; 27 March 1891 – 25 February 1959) was a Belarusian civil engineer, architect, diplomat and journalist. He is believed to be the creator of the Flag of Belarus in 1917.

Kłaŭdziy Stsiapanavich Duzh-Dusheŭski
Клаўдій Сцяпанавіч Дуж-Душэўскій
Klaŭdziy Duzh-Dusheŭski
Born(1891-03-27)27 March 1891
Hlybokaye, Vilna Governorate, Russian Empire
Died25 February 1959(1959-02-25) (aged 67)
Vilnius, Lithuanian SSR, Soviet Union
Resting placePetrašiūnai Cemetery, Kaunas
NationalityBelarusian
EducationPetersburg Mining Institute
Civil Engineer: University of Lithuania (faculty reorganized in Kaunas University of Technology)
Occupation(s)civil engineer, architect, diplomat and journalist
Known forDesigning Flag of Belarus
Protecting Jews in World War II
The flag of Belarus presumably designed by Duzh-Dusheŭski
Kłaŭdziy Duzh-Dusheŭski with Konstantin Ezavitov, December 1919 in Riga
Grave of Kłaŭdziy Duzh-Dusheŭski in Kaunas

Life

Duzh-Dusheŭski was born into an impoverished family of the Lithuanian nobility. In 1912 he graduated the Vilna non-classical secondary school where he had joined the Belarusian national movement. In 1912–1918 Duzh-Dusheŭski studied in the Saint Petersburg Mining Institute. Being in St. Petersburg, he also took part in Belarusian social life. For instance, he was editor of the Belarusian magazine Ranica.

In 1917 he joined the Belarusian Socialist Assembly. In 1918 he worked at the Refugee Assistance Department of the Belarusian National Committee in St. Petersburg. At that time, according to his own memories, he created the draft of the white-red-white Flag of Belarus that was very quickly adopted by the Belarusian national movement throughout the European part of the former Russian Empire and later adopted as the state flag of the Belarusian Democratic Republic.

In 1919 Duzh-Dusheŭski moved to Vilna. In autumn 1919 he was appointed diplomatic representative of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in the Baltic states. In early 1921 Duzh-Dusheŭski was arrested by Polish authorities.

After that he emigrated to Lithuania and settled in Kaunas. In the 1920s–1930s he worked for several ministries there. In 1927 he graduated from the University of Lithuania in Kaunas as Civil Engineer. Duzh-Dusheŭski also edited several Belarusian newspapers in Lithuania.

In 1940 Duzh-Dusheŭski was arrested by the Soviets who had occupied Lithuania. In August 1943 he was arrested by the Nazis for hiding Jews. He was put into the Pravieniškės death camp.[1] On April 13, 2004, Duzh-Dusheŭski because of the salvation of Jews was posthumously awarded the Cross of Rescue of the Perishing by the President of Lithuania. This happened at the request of the Jewish community of Lithuania.[2][3]

In 1944–1946 Kłaŭdziy Duzh-Dusheŭski worked at the Kaunas University.[4]

In 1952 Duzh-Dusheŭski was arrested and sentenced to 25 years of concentration camps for being an "active Belarusian nationalist".[5] He was freed in 1955 and has worked for an architectural institute.[6]

References
  1. Клавдий-строитель
  2. Apdovanotų asmenų duomenų bazė
  3. «Мы заўсёды будзем яму ўдзячныя». Як стваральнік бел-чырвона-белага сьцяга ўратаваў габрэйскую дзяўчынку ад Галакосту
  4. Душэўскі (Дуж-Душэўскі) Клаўдзій Сцяпанавіч (in Belarusian)
  5. RFE/RL, Імёны Свабоды. Клаўдзі Дуж-Душэўскі
  6. Иоффе, Эммануил Григорьевич (2018). "К. С. Душевский о белорусско-польских отношениях в 1920—1921 гг" (PDF). Белорусско-российские отношения на современном этапе: состояние и перспективы развития (in Russian): 148–151. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
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