List of French scientists
This is a list of notable French scientists.
A
- José Achache, geophysicist and ecologist
- Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717–1783), mathematician, mechanician, physicist and philosopher
- Claude Allègre (born 1937), geochemist
- Lucile Allorge (born 1937), botanist
- André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836), physicist and mathematician
- Françoise Ardré (1931–2010), phycologist, marine scientist
B
- Louis Bachelier (1870–1946), mathematician
- Antoine Jérôme Balard (1802–1876), chemist
- Éliane Basse (1899–1985), paleontologist and geologist
- Pierre-Dominique Bazaine (1786–1838), mathematician and engineer
- Jean de Beaurain (1696–1771), geographer
- Antoine César Becquerel (1788–1878), electrochemist
- Edmond Becquerel (1820–1891), physicist
- Henri Becquerel (1852–1908), physicist and Nobel laureate
- Jean Becquerel (1878–1953), physicist
- Léon Bence (1929–1987), physician
- Jacques Benoit (1896–1982), physician, biologist and neuroendocrinologist
- Claude Bernard (1813–1878), physiologist
- Marcellin Berthelot (1827–1907), chemist, opponent of vitalism
- Claude Louis Berthollet (1748–1822), chemist
- Julien Bessières (1777–1840), physician, diplomat, and member of the Egyptian Institute of Sciences and Arts
- Alfred Binet (1857–1911), psychologist who invented the first practical IQ test
- Prosper-René Blondlot (1849–1930), physicist
- Pierre Boiteau (1911–1980), botanist
- Jean Bosler (1878–1973), astronomer
- Claude Bourgelat (1712–1779), veterinary surgeon
- Thomas Bourgeron (born 1965), neuroscientist
- Jean-Baptiste Boussingault (1801–1887), chemist
- Gerard Brachet (born 1944), space scientist
- Paul Broca (1824–1880), physician, surgeon, anatomist, and anthropologist
- Bernard Brunhes (1867–1910), physicist
- Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (1707–1788), naturalist and mathematician
C
- Bernard Cabane (born 1945), physicist and chemist
- Pierre Jean George Cabanis (1757–1808), physiologist
- Albert Calmette (1863–1933), physician, bacteriologist and immunologist
- Georges Canguilhem (1904–1995), physician and philosopher
- Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796–1832), physicist and military engineer
- Élie Cartan (1869–1951), mathematician
- Henri Cartan (1904–2008), mathematician
- Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789–1857), mathematician and physicist
- Jean-François Champollion (1790–1832), philologist
- Georges Charpak (1924–2010), physicist, Nobel prize winner 1992
- Georges Charpy (1865–1945), physicist and metallurgist
- Henry Louis Le Chatelier (1850–1936), chemist known for Le Chatelier's principle
- Albert Châtelet (1883–1960), mathematician
- Émilie du Châtelet (1706–1749), mathematician and physicist
- Jean Mathieu de Chazelles (1657–1710), professor of hydrography
- Michel Che (1941–2019), chemist
- Daniel Choquet (born 1962), neuroscientist
- Gustave Choquet (1915–2006), mathematician
- Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat (born 1923), mathematician
- Charles Pierre Claret de Fleurieu (1738–1810), explorer, hydrographer and politician
- Alain Connes (born 1947), mathematician; Fields Medalist 1982
- Louis Couffignal (1902–1966), mathematician and cybernetician
- Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (1736–1806), physicist, discoverer of Coulomb's law
- Vincent Courtillot (born 1948), geophysicist
- Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1910–1997), oceanographer
- Philippe Cousteau (1940–1979), oceanographer
- Jean-Marie-Joseph Coutelle (1748–1835), engineer, scientist and pioneer of ballooning
- Adam de Craponne (1526–1576), engineer who implemented the Canal de Craponne in 1559
- Jean Cruveilhier (1791–1874), anatomist and pathologist
- Marie Curie (1867–1934), physicist and chemist, two Nobel Prizes, in physics (1903) and chemistry (1911)
- Pierre Curie (1859–1906), physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize in physics (1903)
- Georges Cuvier (1769–1832), regarded as the founding father of palaeontology
- Boris Cyrulnik (born 1937), ethologist, neurologist, and psychiatrist
D
- Thomas-François Dalibard (1709–1778), physicist and botanist
- Henry Darcy (1803–1858), hydraulic engineer
- Michel Darluc (1717–1783), naturalist
- Raymond Daudel, quantum chemist
- Jean Dausset, biologist, Nobel prize winner 1980
- André-Louis Debierne, chemist
- Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre, mathematician and astronomer
- Marcel Deprez, electrical engineer
- John Theophilus Desaguliers, natural philosopher (physicist)
- Guillaume Delisle, cartographer
- Girard Desargues, mathematician
- René Descartes (1596–1650), scientist and philosopher
- Robert Debré, physician
- Roland Douce (1939–2018), plant biologist
- Georges Duby, historian
- Jean-Baptiste du Hamel, natural philosopher (physicist)
- Émilien Dumas, paleontologist, and geologist
- Jean-Baptiste Dumas (1800–1884), chemist
- Charles François Dupuis, polymath and theologian
F
- Pierre Fauchard, dentist
- Hervé Faye, astronomer
- Pierre de Fermat (1607–1665), mathematician
- Louis Feuillée, explorer, astronomer, geographer, and botanist
- Bernard Foing, astronomer
- Léon Foucault (1819–1868), physicist
- Pierre Fourmanoir, ichthyologist
- Joseph Fourier (1768–1830), mathematician and physicist
- Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788–1827), physicist known for work on optics
G
- Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (1932–2007), mathematician and physicist, Nobel Prize in physics 1991
- Paul Gervais, palaeontologist and entomologist
- Jacques Géry, ichthyologist
- Mirko Grmek, historian of medicine
- Camille Guérin, biologist
- Alexander Grothendieck, mathematician; Fields Medalist 1966 (German-born)
- André Guinier, physicist
H
- Jacques Hadamard, mathematician
- Armand Havet, botanist
- Victor Henri (1872–1940), physical chemist and physiologist
- Charles Hermite (1822–1901), mathematician
- Étienne Hubert d'Orléans, Arabist
J
- François Jacob (1920–2013), biologist, Nobel prize winner 1965
- Charles Janet (1849–1932), chemist and biologist
- Paul Janet (1823–1899), philosopher
- Irène Joliot-Curie (1897–1956), physicist, Nobel Prize winner 1935
- Frédéric Joliot-Curie (1900–1958), physicist, Nobel Prize winner 1935
- Jean Jouzel, glaciologist and climatologist
- Gaston Julia (1893–1978), mathematician
K
- Nicole El Karoui, mathematician
- Robert Kühner, mycologist
L
- Michel de La Vigne, physician
- Yves Lacoste, geographer and geopolitician
- Laurent Lafforgue, mathematician; Fields Medalist 2002
- Frédéric de Lafresnaye, ornithologist
- Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736–1813), mathematician
- Jean Laherrère, consultant and petroleum engineer
- Claude François Lallemand, physician and pathologist
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829), evolutionary biologist
- Paul Langevin (1872–1946), physicist
- Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749–1827), mathematician and physicist
- François-de-Paule Latapie, botanist
- Lucien Laubier, oceanographer
- René Lavocat, paleontologist
- Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794), chemist
- Michel Lazdunski (born 1938), biochemist
- Xavier Le Pichon, geophysicist
- Jean-Marie Lehn (born 1939), chemist, Nobel prize 1987
- Jean-Marc Lévy-Leblond, physicist
- Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908–2009), anthropologist
- Arnoult de Lisle, Arabist and physician
- Pierre-Louis Lions, mathematician; Fields Medalist 1994
- Edmond Locard, pioneer of forensic science
- André Lwoff (1902–1994), biologist, Nobel prize 1965
M
- Jean-Michel Macron, neurologist
- Charles Madic, radiochemist
- Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan, geophysicist, astronomer and chronobiologist
- Benoit Mandelbrot (1924–2010), mathematician
- Jacques Masquelier, phytochemist
- Albert Mathiez, historian
- Pierre Louis Maupertuis, mathematician and philosopher
- Prosper Ménière, doctor concerned with hearing loss and tinnitus
- Marin Mersenne (1588–1648), mathematician
- André Michaux, botanist and explorer
- François André Michaux, botanist
- Jean-Louis Michel, oceanographer and engineer
- Jules Michelet, historian
- Alphonse Milne-Edwards, mammalologist and ornithologist
- Abraham de Moivre (1667–1754), mathematician
- Jacques Monod (1910–1976), biologist, Nobel prize winner 1965
- Théodore Monod (1902–2000), naturalist and theologian
- Gabriel Mouton, mathematician and astronomer
N–O
- Adolphe-Simon Neboux, surgeon and naturalist
- Louis Néel (1904–2000), physicist, Nobel Prize 1970
- André Niederlender, archaeologist
- Jean de Noailles, chemist
- Jean-Baptiste Noulet, archaeologist
- Hélène Olivier-Bourbigou, chemist
P–Q
- Henri Padé, mathematician
- Paul Painlevé, mathematician
- Denis Papin, physicist, mathematician, and inventor
- Blaise Pascal (1623–1662), mathematician and philosopher
- Étienne Pascal, mathematician
- Louis Pasteur (1822–1895), microbiologist and chemist
- Jean Pecquet, psychologist
- Jean-Marie Pelt, botanist
- Jocelyne Pérard, geographer
- Jean Robert Petit, paleoclimatologist
- Alphonse Pinart, philologist
- Gilles Pisier, mathematician
- Hippolyte Pixii, inventor
- Henri Poincaré (1854–1912), mathematician and physicist
- Lucien Poincaré (1862–1920), physicist
- Siméon Poisson (1781–1840), mathematician and physicist
- Pierre Poivre, horticulturist and botanist
- Albéric Pont, dentist and pioneer in maxillofacial surgery
- Alberte Pullman (1920–2011), quantum chemist
- Bernard Pullman (1919–1996), quantum chemist
- Lucien Quélet, naturalist and mycologist
R
- Petrus Ramus, mathematician and logician
- Louis-Antoine Ranvier, physician, pathologist, anatomist and histologist
- Didier Raoult (born 1952), microbiologist and virologist
- René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (1683–1757), entomologist
- Jean-Baptiste Robinet, naturalist
- Paul Rohmer, physician
- Michel Rolle, mathematician
- Henri Romagnesi, mycologist
- Joël de Rosnay, scientific administrator
- Jean Rostand, biologist and philosopher
- Louis Rougier, mathematician, physicist, and philosopher
S
- Nicolas Sarrabat, mathematician concerned with many aspects of science
- Henri Émile Sauvage, ichthyologist, paleontologist, and herpetologist
- Conrad Schlumberger (1878–1936), geophysicist
- Marcel Schlumberger (1884–1953), geophysicist
- Laurent Schwartz, mathematician; Fields Medalist 1950
- Géraud Sénizergues, computer scientist and 2002 Gödel Prize recipient.
- Jean-Pierre Serre, mathematician; Fields Medalist 1954
T
- Michel Talagrand, mathematician
- Jules Tannery, mathematician
- Auguste Ambroise Tardieu, forensic medical scientist
- Haroun Tazieff (1914–1998), volcanologist and geologist
- Daniel Tauvry, physician
- Fabiola Terzi, physician-scientist
- Melchisédech Thévenot, inventor of the spirit level
- Adrien-Jean-Pierre Thilorier, discovered dry ice
- Françoise Thom, historian
- René Thom (1923–2002), mathematician; Fields Medal 1958
- Muriel Thomasset physicist
- Pierre-Marie-Jérôme Trésaguet, engineer and road builder
- François Trèves, mathematician
V–Y
- Georges Valiron, mathematician
- Jean-Pierre Vernant, historian
- Jean-Christophe Victor (1947–2016), geographer
- Paul-Émile Victor, ethnologist
- François Viète, mathematician
- Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot, ornithologist
- Charles Athanase Walckenaer, geographer
- Wendelin Werner, mathematician; Fields Medalist 2006 (German-born)
- Rachid Yazami, engineer and inventor
- Jean-Christophe Yoccoz, mathematician; Fields Medalist 1994
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