Malay local varieties

Malay local varieties is a local variety of the Malay language which is generally spoken in Peninsular Malaya, Kra Isthmus, Tanintharyi in Burma, Coastal Borneo, and Sumatra known as "Tanah Melayu" or "Alam Melayu".[1] The local Malay variety is different from the Malay creole which was originally spoken by traders, and immigrant Malay was later spoken by the local people, whereas Malay local varieties were formed because of the Malay culture that developed in the area, not because of the combination of two different cultures.[2][3]

Not to be confused with Malay trade and creole languages.

list of languages
Language Distribution Speakers
Bangka Malay Bangka Belitung Islands (Bangka and Pangkal Pinang) in Indonesia 340,000[4]
Bangkok Malay Bangkok in Thailand
Bengkulu Malay Bengkulu in Indonesia 66,000[5]
Berau Malay East Kalimantan (Berau) in Indonesia 11,200[6]
Brunei Malay Brunei Darussalam 270,000[7]
Binjai Malay North Sumatra (Binjai) in Indonesia
Deli Malay North Sumatra (Deli Serdang) in Indonesia
Dumai Malay Riau (Dumai) in Indonesia
Jambi Malay Jambi in Indonesia 1 million[8]
Johor Malay Johor in Malaysia
Kampar Malay Riau (Kampar) in Indonesia
Kedah Malay Malaysia (Kedah and Perlis), Thailand (Satun, Trang, Krabi, and Phuket), and Myanmar (Tanintharyi and Mergui Archipelago) 2.6 million[9]
Kelantan-Pattani Malay Malaysia (Kelantan), and Thailand (Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala) 3 million[10]
Kotawaringin Malay Central Kalimantan (East Kotawaringin and West Kotawaringin) in Indonesia
Kutai Malay East Kalimantan in Indonesia 300,000[11]
Natuna Malay Riau Islands (Natuna) in Indonesia
Negeri Sembilan Malay Negeri Sembilan in Malaysia 508,000[12]
Pahang Malay Pahang in Malaysia
Palembang Malay South Sumatra (Palembang, Banyuasin, Musi Banyuasin, Ogan Komering Ilir, and Ogan Ilir) in Indonesia 3.1 million[13]
Perak Malay Perak in Malaysia 1.4 million[14]
Pontianak Malay West Kalimantan (Pontianak, Ketapang, and Mempawah) in Indonesia
Reman Malay Malaysia (Kedah and Perak)
Riau Malay Indonesia (Riau and Riau Islands)
Siak Malay Riau (Siak and Pekanbaru) in Indonesia
Singapore Malay Singapore
Songkhla Malay Songkhla in Thailand
Tamiang Malay Aceh (Aceh Tamiang) in Indonesia
Terengganu Malay Terengganu in Malaysia

Debated and controversial

Debates about the Malay language and its varieties are often controversial. Sometimes in some areas in Indonesia, local culture that absorbs Malay elements is often referred to as an effort to Malayisation local culture.[15] Like the Sakai and Kubu in the interior of the forest Riau and Jambi whose ancestors are believed to came from Pagaruyung Kingdom belonging to the Minang then migrated and because of the arrival of the Malays to the area, the people followed Malay culture and the language was also spoken.[16][17]

References
  1. "Melayu Pengaruhi Perkembangan Religi dan Budaya Nusantara". ipsh.brin.go.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  2. "Pijin dan Kreol". narabahasa.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  3. "Perbedaan Bentuk Verba Pada Bahasa Melayu Tinggi dan Bahasa Melayu Rendah: Studi Kasus Injil Matius Terjemahan Klinkert". sirokbastra.kemdikbud.go.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  4. "Bangka Malay at Ethnologue". www.ethnologue.com. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  5. "Bengkulu Malay at Joshua Project". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  6. "Berau Malay at Ethnologue". www.ethnologue.com. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  7. "Brunei Malay at Ethnologue". www.ethnologue.com. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  8. "Jambi Malay at Ethnologue". www.ethnologue.com. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  9. "Kedah Malay at Ethnologue". www.ethnologue.com. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  10. "Kelantan-Pattani Malay at Ethnologue". www.ethnologue.com. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  11. "Kutai Malay at Ethnologue". www.ethnologue.com. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  12. "Negeri Sembilan Malay at Ethnologue". www.ethnologue.com. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  13. "Palembang Malay at Ethnologue". www.ethnologue.com. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  14. "Total population by ethnic group, mukim and state, Malaysia, 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  15. "Orang Melayu Enggan Berkonsolidasi Budaya". analisadaily.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  16. "Suku Sakai Dalam Tiga Kekuasaan di Riau" (PDF). media.neliti.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  17. "Mengenal Suku-suku Asli (Komunitas Adat Terpencil) di Provinsi Riau". dinsos.riau.go.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 1 November 2022.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.