Mercedes V6 Hybrid Formula One engine

The Mercedes V6 Hybrid Formula One engine, is a series of 1.6-liter, hybrid turbocharged V6 racing engines which features both a kinetic energy recovery system (MGU-K) and a heat energy recovery system (MGU-H), developed and produced by Mercedes-AMG High Performance Powertrains for Formula One. These engines were in use since 2014 by the Mercedes works team. Over years of development, the engine power managed to increase, from 840 horsepower at 15,000 rpm, to 1,070 horsepower at 15,000 rpm. Customer engines were used by Williams, McLaren, Lotus, Manor Racing, Force India, Racing Point Force India, Racing Point and Aston Martin.

Mercedes V6 Hybrid F1 engine[1]
Mercedes PU106 Hybrid Power Unit
Overview
ManufacturerMercedes-AMG High Performance Powertrains
Production2014–present
Layout
ConfigurationV-6 single hybrid turbocharged engine, 90° cylinder angle
Displacement1.6 L (98 cu in)
Cylinder bore80 mm (3.15 in)
Piston stroke53 mm (2.09 in)
Block materialAluminum alloy
Head materialAluminum alloy
Valvetrain24-valve (four-valves per cylinder), DOHC
Compression ratiounder 18:1
RPM range
Idle5,000 rpm
Redline15,000 rpm
Combustion
TurbochargerHybrid turbocharger with 3.5–5.0 bar boost pressure
Fuel system500 bar (7,252 psi) gasoline direct injection
ManagementMcLaren TAG-320 (2014-2018) later TAG-320B (2019-present)
Fuel typePetronas Primax unleaded gasoline 94.25% + 5.75% biofuel[2] and Mobil (McLaren only in 2014)
Oil systemDry sump
Cooling systemSingle water pump
Output
Power output840–1,070 hp (626–798 kW)
Torque outputApprox. 600–822 N⋅m (443–606 ft⋅lb)
Dimensions
Dry weight145–150 kg (320–331 lb) overall including headers, clutch, ECU, spark box or filters
Chronology
PredecessorMercedes-Benz FO engine
Mercedes PU106 Hybrid Power Unit on display at the Silverstone Experience

Since the 2014 season, the Mercedes V6 Hybrid engine was proved to be one of the most successful Formula One engines of all time.[3] Breaking the record for most wins in a season in 2016, as well as among many other major constructor and driver F1 records. Notably, Lewis Hamilton became one of the most successful Formula One drivers by winning six Driver's Championships and Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team won a record breaking eight consecutive Constructor's Championships in F1 cars, which were powered by these Mercedes V6 Hybrid engines.

List of Formula One engines
Engine specifications from the Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team's F1 cars
Season Name Format Peak power @ rpm
Including hybrid system where applicable		 Notes
2014 Mercedes-Benz PU106A 1.600 L 90° V6 turbo hybrid 630 kW (840 hp) @ 15,000 rpm[4]
2015 Mercedes-Benz PU106B 649 kW (870 hp) @ 15,000 rpm[5] Used in Mercedes-AMG ONE[6]
2016 Mercedes-Benz PU106C 670 kW (900 hp) @ 15,000 rpm[7]
2017 Mercedes-AMG M08 EQ Power+ 708 kW (949 hp) @ 15,000 rpm[8]
2018 Mercedes-AMG M09 EQ Power+ 750 kW (1,000 hp) @ 15,000 rpm[5][9]
2019 Mercedes-AMG M10 EQ Power+ Badged as "BWT Mercedes" for Racing Point
2020 Mercedes-AMG M11 EQ Performance 764 kW (1,025 hp) @ 15,000 rpm[10]
2021 Mercedes-AMG M12 E Performance 780 kW (1,050 hp) @ 15,000 rpm[10]
2022 Mercedes-AMG M13 E Performance 800 kW (1,070 hp) @ 15,000 rpm[11]

Statistics
Lewis Hamilton 2020 Tuscan Grand Prix - race day (cropped)
Mercedes-AMG W11 F1 car, powered by a Mercedes V6 Hybrid engine, became one of the most successful F1 cars of all time

The Formula One regulations in 2014 saw Mercedes produce a hybrid 1.6-liter turbocharged V6 engine, which features a kinetic energy recovery system (MGU-K) and a heat energy recovery system (MGU-H). The engine started the season with a clear advantage, with these Mercedes engined cars scoring the majority of the points.[12] Since the introduction of this engine formula, Mercedes powered cars have achieved pole position in 121 and won 114 of the 187 races (as of the 2023 Miami Grand Prix), and won 7 Drivers' Championships and 8 Constructors' Championships.

Season statistics of Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team

Season Chassis Races Wins Pole positions 1–2 finishes Podiums Fastest laps Average winning margin Points Percentage of available points WDC WCC
2014 Mercedes F1 W05 Hybrid 19 16 18 11 31 12 23.2 seconds 701 82% 1st, 2nd 1st
2015 Mercedes F1 W06 Hybrid 19 16 18 12 32 13 19.7 seconds 703 86% 1st, 2nd 1st
2016 Mercedes F1 W07 Hybrid 21 19 20 8 33 9 14.6 seconds 765 85% 1st, 2nd 1st
2017 Mercedes-AMG F1 W08 EQ Power+ 20 12 15 4 26 9 13.1 seconds 668 78% 1st, 3rd 1st
2018 Mercedes-AMG F1 W09 EQ Power+ 21 11 13 4 25 10 6.8 seconds 655 73% 1st, 5th 1st
2019 Mercedes-AMG F1 W10 EQ Power+ 21 15 10 9 32 9 11.8 seconds 739 80% 1st, 2nd 1st
2020 Mercedes-AMG F1 W11 EQ Performance 17 13 15 5 25 9 15.6 seconds 573 77% 1st, 2nd 1st
2021 Mercedes-AMG F1 W12 E Performance 22 9 9 0 28 10 19.5 seconds 613.5 64% 2nd, 3rd 1st
2022 Mercedes-AMG F1 W13 E Performance 22 1 1 1 17 6 4.1 seconds 515 51% 4th, 6th 3rd
2023* Mercedes-AMG F1 W14 E Performance 5 0 0 0 1 1 0 seconds 96 41% 4th, 6th 3rd

Other applications

Mercedes-AMG ONE
Mercedes-AMG One at the 2022 Goodwood Festival of Speed
The Mercedes-AMG ONE at the 2022 Goodwood Festival of Speed

The Mercedes-AMG ONE production hypercar features a similar powertrain as in modern Formula One cars. Production version of the car is based on a modified version of the 1.6 L (98 cu in) Mercedes-Benz PU106B Hybrid E-turbo V6 engine, used in the Mercedes F1 W06 Hybrid Formula One car.[13][14] Some modifications were done to the engine due to the engine's illegality in RPM idle and redline. The modified internal combustion engine (ICE) produces a maximum power output of 422 kW (574 PS; 566 hp). Torque figures are unknown due to the complex powertrain.[15]

The internal combustion engine works in conjunction with four electric motors: a 120 kW (163 PS; 161 hp) Motor Generator Unit-Kinetic (MGU-K) coupled to the crankshaft, a 90 kW (122 PS; 121 hp) Motor Generator Unit-Heat (MGU-H) coupled to the turbocharger, and two electric motors in the front axle producing 240 kW (326 PS; 322 hp).[16] The ONE has a total combined power output of 782 kW (1,063 PS; 1,049 hp). The MGU-K and MGU-H are similar as in use in Formula One cars, which were responsible for recovering energy and improving efficiency during operation of the car.[17] More specifically, the MGU-K serves to generate electricity during braking, while the MGU-H serves to eliminate turbocharger lag and improve throttle response by keeping the turbine spinning at high speeds.[18] The final two electric motors drive the front wheels to allow for an all-wheel drive drivetrain, and the sum of these four electric motors contributes 360 kW (489 PS; 483 hp) effective power to the total power output figure of the AMG ONE.

The head of Mercedes-AMG, Tobias Moers, states that the engine will be at 1,280 rpm when in idle, and at 11,000 rpm when at its redline limit. However, the engine will only last for 50,000 km (31,000 mi) and the owners will have to return their cars for engine refurbishment. This Formula One inspired powertrain helps the car to attain a top speed of 219 mph (352 km/h). According to Mercedes-AMG, the car can accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 2.9 seconds, 0 to 200 km/h (120 mph) in 7.0 seconds and 0 to 300 km/h (190 mph) in 15.6 seconds.[19]

References
  1. "Formula 1 Engine Facts « Mercedes AMG HPP". mercedes-amg-hpp.com. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  2. "Mercedes-Benz International: News, Pictures, Videos & Livestreams". mercedesamgf1.com. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  3. Watson, Jack (2021-02-26). "Formula 1's 5 Most Iconic Engines ever". Sportlight. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
  4. Petric, Darjan (2021-04-29). "Mercedes didn't use full F1 engine power in 2014". MAXF1. Retrieved 2022-07-28.
  5. "How Long Do F1 Engines Last? | F1 Chronicle". 2020-06-17. Retrieved 2021-05-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. "New Mercedes-AMG One revealed: price, specs and release date". carwow.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-09-22.
  7. "Mercedes producing over 900bhp with more to come". ESPN. 2016-02-06. Retrieved 2022-07-28.
  8. Petric, Darjan (2018-01-05). "How much power F1 engines have?". MAXF1net. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  9. Saward, Joe (2018-05-10). "Mercedes F1 engine is a true modern marvel". Autoweek. Retrieved 2022-07-28.
  10. "Mercedes New Engine in 2021 with More 25 Horsepower – 'Party Mode Whole Race'!". F1Lead.com. 2021-01-05. Retrieved 2021-05-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  11. "Mercedes enters 2022 with extra horsepower through improved turbocharger". www.gpblog.com. Retrieved 2022-07-28.
  12. Benson, Andrew (9 April 2014). "F1: McLaren can catch Mercedes says race chief Eric Boullier". BBC Sport. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
  13. "Watch Mercedes-Benz AMG's One hit the Hockenheimring racetrack". Motor Authority. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
  14. "New Mercedes-AMG One revealed: price, specs and release date". carwow.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
  15. "The Mercedes-AMG Project One Hypercar Will Have 1,020 HP". CarBuzz. 2017-04-24. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
  16. Csere, Csaba (2017-09-11). "Mercedes-AMG Project One". Car and Driver. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
  17. "Power unit and ERS". Formula1.com. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  18. Csere, Csaba (2017-09-17). "Mercedes-AMG Project One Photos and Info | News | Car and Driver". Car and Driver. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  19. "Mercedes-AMG ONE". www.mercedes-amg.com. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
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