Ming Yuzhen

Ming Yuzhen (Chinese: 明玉珍; 2 October 1328 – 17 March 1366) was a peasant rebel leader who established the dynasty of Ming Xia during the late Yuan dynasty in China.

Ming Yuzhen
明玉珍
Emperor of Ming Xia
Reign1362–1366
SuccessorMing Sheng
Born2 October 1328
Tianli 2, 9th day of the 9th month
(天曆二年九月九日)
Died17 March 1366(1366-03-17) (aged 37)
Zhizheng 26, 6th day of the 2nd month
(至正二十六年二月六日)
Burial
Ruiling Mausoleum
Names
Ming Yuzhen
(明玉珍)
Era dates
  • Tianqi[1] (天啟): 1361–1362
  • Tiantong (天統): 1363–1366
Posthumous name
Emperor Qinwen Zhaowu
(欽文昭武皇帝)
Temple name
Taizu
(太祖)
DynastyMing Xia
FatherMing Xuewen
MotherLady Zhao
In this Chinese name, the family name is Ming.
Rebels and warlords at the end of Yuan Dynasty, including the territory controlled by Ming Yuzhen in 1363

The Ming Xia was destroyed by Zhu Yuanzhang, and Ming Yuzhen's son Ming Sheng was exiled to Korea.

Background

Ming was born in Suizhou (today Sui County, Hubei) in a farmer family. He changed the character of his surname to mean "Brilliance" later. In 1353 he joined the Red Turbans and was blinded in the right eye during a battle.

In 1360, Ming left his group and proclaimed himself King of Longshu (隴蜀王). Two years later, he proclaimed himself Emperor of Great Xia in Chongqing, with the era name of "Tiantong" (天統). In the Great Xia, he taxed the people, administered imperial examinations, and the state religion was Buddhism.

In 1363, Ming Yuzhen attacked Prince Liang, Basalawarmi, Bolud Temür (孛羅帖木兒) in Yunnan, but he failed. Ming died of illness at the age of 35. He was succeeded by his son Ming Sheng (明昇), who changed the era name to "Kaixi" (開熙).

However Ming Sheng was exiled to Korea when Longshu was destroyed by Zhu Yuanzhang in 1371. The Korean official Yun Hui-chong's daughter married Ming Sheng in March 1373. Ming Sheng was 17 and Chen Li was 21 when they were sent to Korea in 1372 by Zhu Yuanzhang.[2][3][4][5][6]

Also, Ming Yuzhen is the founder of the following Korean clans: the Yeonan Myeong clan, Seochok Myeong clan and Namwon Seung clan.[7][8]

References
  1. Adopted the era name of the Xu Song dynasty
  2. Goodrich, Luther Carringto (1976). Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368-1644, Volume 2 (illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press. p. 1072. ISBN 023103833X.
  3. Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting (illustrated ed.). Springer Science & Business Media. 2000. p. 1072. ISBN 3540656308.
  4. Farmer, Edward L., ed. (1995). Zhu Yuanzhang and Early Ming Legislation: The Reordering of Chinese Society Following the Era of Mongol Rule. BRILL. p. 22. ISBN 9004103910.
  5. Serruys, Henry (1959). The Mongols in China During the Hung-wu Period (1368-1398). Impr. Sainte-Catherine. p. 31.
  6. Serruys, Henry (1967). Sino-Mongol Relations During the Ming, Volume 1. Institut belge des hautes études chinoises. p. 31.
  7. Academy of Korean Studies 서촉명씨 西蜀明氏. Academy of Korean Studies.
  8. Jin Guanglin [in Japanese] (2014). "A Comparison of the Korean and Japanese Approaches to Foreign Family Names" (PDF). Journal of Cultural Interaction in East Asia. 5: 20 – via Society for Cultural Interaction in East Asia.
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