Mobile driver's license

A mobile driving licence (also mobile driver's license or mDL) is a mobile app that replaces a physical driver's license. An International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard for the mobile driving licence (ISO 18013-5) was approved on August 18, 2021 and published on 30 September 2021.[1]

History

The first instance of an electronic driver's license was deployed in Mexico as early as 2007, using the Gemalto smart-card platform. In 2016, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) partnered with Gemalto to pilot the "digital driver's license" in Washington D.C., Idaho, Colorado, Maryland and Wyoming.[2]

Colorado was the first state to deploy a production version of a digital license, primarily based on QR codes stored in a digital wallet, which it claims is accepted by police officers throughout the state.[3] After going through the standard process at the state Department of Motor Vehicles, volunteers installed the "DigiDL" app on their phones and then downloaded the license. Volunteers tested the digital driver's license in stores, the Colorado Lottery claim center, and an art fair.[4]

The first mDL that claims compliance with ISO 18013-5 is Louisiana's, developed in part by Envoc, a software firm in Baton Rouge, whose president claimed that most drivers under 40 won't go back home if they forget their physical laminated license, "but if they forget their phone, they always turn around."[5] Ontario in 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, announced a "Digital Identity Program," including a mobile driver's license.[6] Denmark in 2020 introduced a mobile driver's license which uses a QR code.[7] According to the standard, the holder's privacy is protected since they do need to hand over their phone to provide proof of identity.

Operating system support

Smartphone operating systems are adapting to the new standard. For example, Android's JetPack suite comes with specific support for ISO 18013–5 from version API 24.[8][9] On September 1, 2021, Apple provided details about its implementation of the standard in iOS 15. Arizona and Georgia became the first two states to announce that IDs were supported. On March 23, 2022, Arizona officially launched their program which includes the first TSA checkpoint to support Apple’s mobile driver’s license, Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport.[10][11]

Conformance and testing

Safety organization UL has a product to help test an app's conformance with the ISO 18013-5 standard.[12] The Kantara Initiative created a "Privacy & Identity Protection in Mobile Driving License Ecosystems Discussion Group" to issue a report on the need for conformance specifications around identity and privacy.[13]

References
  1. "ISO/IEC 18013-5:2021". ISO.
  2. "Gemalto Wins U.S. Government Grant for DDL Pilot in Four Jurisdictions". Thales Group. Retrieved 2021-09-16.
  3. Award-winning myColorado™ App Offers Residents a Contactless Digital ID MyColorado https://mycolorado.state.co.us/
  4. Veronica Coombs, Mobile driver's license would replace the physical card with a digital identity Tech Republic (2020-04-15)
  5. What new digital driver's licenses mean for motorists, police NBC News (2018-05-24) https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/what-new-digital-driver-s-licenses-mean-motorists-police-ncna875576
  6. Lauren O'Neil blogTO (2020-11) https://www.blogto.com/tech/2020/10/ontario-phones-physical-id/
  7. Javad Jarrahi Denmark introduces mobile driver’s license in latest digital ID push Biometric (2020-11-27) https://www.biometricupdate.com/202011/denmark-introduces-mobile-drivers-license-in-latest-digital-id-push
  8. Work with data more securely Google (2021-01-13) https://developer.android.com/topic/security/data
  9. Security (2020-08-19) Google https://developer.android.com/jetpack/androidx/releases/security
  10. "Apple launches the first driver's license and state ID in Wallet with Arizona".
  11. "Apple Wallet limits users to one Touch ID finger profile when authenticating state IDs". AppleInsider. 2021-09-21. Retrieved 2021-09-02.
  12. "Mobile Driver's License (mDL) – Issuer implementation". UL.
  13. "Privacy & Identity Protection in mobile Driving License ecosystems Discussion Group".
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