Mohamed Hamad Satti

Mohamed Hamad Satti (Arabic: محمد حمد ساتي, 1913, Shendi – 15 March 2005) was a Sudanese physician who championed tropical medical research in Sudan to the extent that he is remembered as The father of Medical research in Sudan. Satti did not have a private clinic throughout his career and had a very philanthropic approach to medicine. He was known for being an entertaining educator who linked scientific information with stories from his fieldwork. Satti received the Shousha Prize from the World Health Organization, and the Order of the Two Niles, the highest award in Sudan. Satti Foundation for medical research was created in his honour.

Mohamed Hamad Satti
محمد حمد ساتي
Born1913
Shendi, Sudan
Died15 March 2005(2005-03-15) (aged 91–92)
Khartoum, Sudan
Resting placeFaroug Cemetery, Khartoum
EducationKitchener School of Medicine
Johns Hopkins
AwardsShousha Prize, WHO
Order of the Two Niles
Scientific career
FieldsBacteriology
Zoological medicine
Epidemiology
Forensic medicine
Pathology
InstitutionsUniversity of Khartoum
World Health Organization

Life and career

Early life and education

Satti was born in Shendi, Sudan, in 1913. His father passed away when he was 15.[1][2] He attended the Elementary and Intermediate schools in Atbara, before joining the Old Gordon Memorial College (Secondary school) in 1927.[2] He graduated with a Diploma of Kitchener School of Medicine (DKSM) from Kitchener School of Medicine (now Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum), in 1935 where he met El Tigani El Mahi.[1]

Satti in the centre in ca. 1952, UK

Satti then started his medical training working as a medical officer in areas endemic to Leishmaniasis between 1936 and 1946 including Singa and Port-Sudan.[2] He joined Stack Medical Research Laboratories in 1946, before moving to the United Kingdom and completing a postgraduate degree in internal medicine (1952–1954) where he was also the President of the Sudanese Student Society in the UK.[3] Once he was back in Sudan, he was appointed as a Medical Zoologist, where he started with a study on a Visceral leishmaniasis outbreak, in 1956, before going to the US and completing a master's degree in Public Health at Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore.[1]

Career

Satti was elected member of the World Health Organization Advisory Panel of parasitic diseases (1962–1980). He also became the Director of Stack Medical Research Laboratories (1963–1968), succeeding Mansour Ali Haseeb who left the position to become the first Sudanese Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum.[1]

Satti occupied several posts in the Sudanese Ministry of Health. He was an educator at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, (1946–1948, 1963–1969) and a researcher of bacteriology, medical zoology, epidemiology, forensic medicine, and pathology.[4] He laid the foundation of several laboratories and tropical medicine research centres in Sudan which include the National Health Laboratories, the Cancer Institute for Tropical Diseases Research, the Medical Research Council (1966), the School of Tropical Medicine (1966), the National Council for Research (1970), and the Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology.[5][6][2] Director of the Institute of Tropical Medicine Research at the Medical Research Council, Sudan.[2]

Once he retired in 1969, he became an advisor to the Sudanese Medical Research Association.[7] He worked with WHO as a consultant epidemiologist and public health advisor to study the environmental effects of Lake Nasser caused by Aswan High Dam, United Arab Republic in 1970, and the Democratic Republic of Yemen in 1972.[8] He was the Vice Chairman of the WHO Onchocerciasis Expert Committee in 1986.[9]

Satti did not have a private clinic throughout his career. He was known for being an entertaining educator who linked scientific information with stories from his fieldwork. Satti had a very philanthropic approach to medicine as he once repurposed his private car as an ambulance.[2]

Personal life and death
Satti with his great-grandchild, Ahmad. ca. 1994

Satti was married to Dr Fatma Hassan el Nor and with her, they had thirteen children. He passed away from natural causes on Tuesday, 15 March 2005, and was buried in Faroug Cemetery, Khartoum.[10]

Research
1st row from left, Mansour Haseeb, HV Morgan and Satti. 2nd row, far left, Ahmed M. El Hassan. ca. 1965

Satti carried out extensive field and laboratory work on leishmaniasis in eastern and southern Sudan, yellow fever in the Nuba Mountains and Kurmuk,[11] Klumpke paralysis and cutaneous larva migrans in Kordofan, onchocerciasis in Bahr el Ghazal,[8] malaria in Shendi, Hepatitis C, cholera, Leptospirosis on Nuer people,[10] schistosomiasis in Gezira, typhoid in Western Sudan, smallpox on the Beni Halba tribe in Singa, jaundice in Al Qadarif,[12] presbycusis in the Mabans tribe living southern Funj,[6] filariasis in Geneina,[13] the adverse effects of the consumption of high nitrates well water in two villages in North Kordofan, and health aspects of Rahad Irrigation Project.[14] He presented his research at the 1st Italian Conference of Tropical Medicine in East Africa, Asmara,[15] in 1952, and the International Congress of Tropical Medicine and Malaria (1958–1986).[16] He left a legacy of scientific excellence that earned him the name The father of Medical research in Sudan.[1][17]

Awards and honours

Satti received the Shousha Prize from the World Health Organization in 1985,[18][4] the University of Khartoum awarded him the Honorary Doctor of Science in 1980, and the Supreme Council of State in Sudan bestowed upon him the El Neelain Order, the highest award in the country in 1989.[10] In 2011, a foundation, Dr Satti Foundation, for medical research was created in his honour.[19][20]

See also

References
  1. Safi, Ahmed El (2019-04-30). Mohamed Hamad Satti: Milestones in Field Research in Tropical Disease Pathology, Bacteriology and Epidemiology. Independently Published. ISBN 978-1-0964-3574-7. Archived from the original on 2022-12-05. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  2. "محمد حمد ساتي (شيخ العلماء السودانيين)" [Mohamed Hamad Satti (1913-2005), The Father of Medical Research in Sudan, His life and work: Milestones in Field Research in Tropical Disease Pathology, Bacteriology and Epidemiology]. محمد حمد ساتي (شيخ العلماء السودانيين). Archived from the original on 2022-11-28. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  3. Madey, Scott F.; VonDras, Dean D. (2021-10-21). Music, Wellness, and Aging: Defining, Directing, and Celebrating Life. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-84469-7. Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  4. "Medical News". British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition). 290 (6482): 1667–1669. 1985. ISSN 0267-0623. JSTOR 29519416. Archived from the original on 2022-11-28. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  5. lil-Burhūth, Sudan Majlis al-Qawmī (1973). Science Policy and Annual Report For... of the National Council for Research. National Council for Research. Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  6. Haseeb, Mansour Ali (1973). Monograph on Biomedical Research in the Sudan. Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  7. WHO Chronicle. World Health Organization. 1985. Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  8. Squires, Herbert Chavasse (1958). The Sudan Medical Service: An Experiment in Social Medicine. Heinemann Medical Books. Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  9. The Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. Annals Publishing Company. 1962. Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  10. Safi, Ahmed El (2019). Mohamed Hamad Satti: The Father of Medical Research in Sudan : His Life and Work (1913-2005) : Milestones in Field Research in Tropical Disease Pathology, Bacteriology and Epidemiology. Sudan Medical Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 2023-03-14. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  11. Safi, Ahmed El (2019-04-27). Traditional Sudanese Medicine: A Primer for Healthcare Providers, Researchers and Students. Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp Print Us. ISBN 978-1-0951-8247-5. Archived from the original on 2023-01-30. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  12. Safi, Ahmed El (1991). Women's Medicine: The Zar-Bori Cult in Africa and Beyond. Edinburgh University Press for the International African Institute. ISBN 978-0-7486-0261-2. Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  13. Satti, Mohammed Hamad; Satti, Gwiria Mohammed Hamad (2012). "Book Review". Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics. 12 (1): 115–122. ISSN 0256-4408. PMC 4949813.
  14. شيخ العلماء الدكتور محمد حمد ساتي: نذر العلم في خدمة بحوث الطب [Sheikh of Scientists, Dr. Muhammad Hamad Sati: A vow of science in the service of medical research] (in Arabic). Dār Madārik lil-Nashr. 2013. Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  15. Kenya, Library of Congress Library of Congress Office, Nairobi (1981). Accessions List, Eastern Africa. Library of Congress Office.
  16. Nelson, Kenrad E.; Williams, Carolyn Masters (2007). Infectious Disease Epidemiology: Theory and Practice. Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-0-7637-2879-3. Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  17. Hughes, Charles Campbell (1969). Diseases and "development" in Africa. Michigan State University. Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  18. "Public health prizes and awards". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 2023-02-19. Retrieved 2022-11-20.
  19. "Dr Satti Foundation". Archived from the original on 2022-11-28. Retrieved 2022-11-28 – via YouTube.
  20. "Dr.Satti Foundation". Archived from the original on 2022-11-28. Retrieved 2022-11-28 – via Facebook.

Further reading

Ahmed El Safi (2019-04-03). Mohamed Hamad Satti (1913-2005), The Father of Medical Research in Sudan, His life and work: Milestones in Field Research in Tropical Disease Pathology, Bacteriology and Epidemiology. Independently Published. ISBN 978-1-0964-3574-7.

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