New York's 3rd congressional district

New York's 3rd congressional district
New York's 3rd congressional district
	Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
Representative
	George Santos; R–Queens
Distribution	99.44% urban; 0.56% rural;
Population (2021)	781,920[1]
Median household; income	$119,185[2]
Ethnicity	69.5% White; 14.6% Asian; 10.6% Hispanic; 3.1% Black; 1.5% Two or more races; 0.7% other;
Cook PVI	D+2[3]

New York's 3rd congressional district is a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in the State of New York. It is represented by Republican George Santos, who was elected to represent the district in 2022.[4] It was one of 18 districts that voted for Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election while being won or held by a Republican in 2022.

NY-03 is the wealthiest congressional district in New York, and in 2022, was the fourth-wealthiest nationally.[5]

Composition

The district includes part of the North Shore of Long Island. It expands across northern Nassau County and into far northeastern Queens. Long Island communities in the district include Oyster Bay Cove, Old Brookville, Levittown, Glen Cove, Roslyn, Manhasset, Plainview, Bethpage, Port Washington, Hicksville, Jericho, Syosset, Mineola, Farmingdale, Massapequa Park, and Great Neck. Queens neighborhoods in the district include Little Neck, Whitestone, Glen Oaks, Floral Park, and Queens Village.

Recent statewide election results

Year	Office	Results
1992	President	Clinton 44–42%
1996	President	Clinton 53–38%
2000	President	Gore 52–44%
2004	President	Bush 52–47%
2008	President	Obama 54–46%
2012	President	Obama 51–48%[6]
2016	President	Clinton 51–45%
2020	President	Biden 54–44%

List of members representing the district

1789–1805: one seat

Representative	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history
Egbert Benson	Pro- Administration	March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1793	1st 2nd	Elected in 1789. Re-elected in 1790. Retired.
Philip Van Cortlandt	Anti- Administration	March 4, 1793 – March 3, 1795	3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th	Elected in 1793. Re-elected in 1794. Re-elected in 1796. Re-elected in 1798. Re-elected in 1800. Redistricted to the 4th district.
Philip Van Cortlandt	Democratic- Republican	March 4, 1795 – March 3, 1803	3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
Samuel L. Mitchill	Democratic- Republican	March 4, 1803 – November 22, 1804	8th	Redistricted from the 2nd district and re-elected in 1802. Resigned when elected U.S. Senator.
Vacant		November 22, 1804 – February 14, 1805
George Clinton Jr.	Democratic- Republican	February 14, 1805 – March 3, 1805		Elected to finish Mitchill's term. Also elected in the combined 2nd and 3rd districts, see below.

1805–1809: Two seats on general ticket with 2nd district

Gurdon S. Mumford is usually listed as member from the 2nd district, and George Clinton Jr. from the 3rd district, because Clinton was elected to fill the vacancy caused by the election of Mitchill to the U.S. Senate, and Mitchill had been elected previously in the 3rd district. However, in 1804 Mitchill was already re-elected on the 2nd/3rd general ticket, and both Clinton and Mumford were elected in special elections, receiving votes in both districts.

Years	Cong ress		Seat A				Seat B
Years	Cong ress		Representative	Party	Electoral history		Representative	Party	Electoral history
March 4, 1805 – March 3, 1809	9th 10th		Gurdon S. Mumford	Democratic-Republican	Daniel D. Tompkins was elected in 1804 but declined the seat when appointed to the New York Supreme Court. Elected to begin Tompkins's term. Re-elected in 1806.		George Clinton Jr.	Democratic-Republican	Samuel L. Mitchill (of the 3rd district) was re-elected in 1804 but resigned November 22, 1804 when elected U.S. Senator. Elected to begin Mitchill's term. Re-elected in 1806.

The districts were separated in 1809.

1809–1823: one seat

Representative	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history
Jonathan Fisk	Democratic- Republican	March 4, 1809 – March 3, 1811	11th	Elected in 1808. [data unknown/missing]
Pierre Van Cortlandt Jr.	Democratic- Republican	March 4, 1811 – March 3, 1813	12th	Elected in 1810. Lost re-election.
Peter Denoyelles	Democratic- Republican	March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1815	13th	Elected in 1812. [data unknown/missing]
Jonathan Ward	Democratic- Republican	March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1817	14th	Elected in 1814. [data unknown/missing]
Caleb Tompkins	Democratic- Republican	March 4, 1817 – March 3, 1821	15th 16th	Elected in 1816. Re-elected in 1818. [data unknown/missing]
Vacant		March 4, 1821– December 3, 1821	17th	Elections were held in April 1821. It is unclear when results were announced or credentials issued.
Jeremiah H. Pierson	Democratic- Republican	December 3, 1821 – March 3, 1823	17th

1823–1843: three, then four, seats

Starting in 1823, three seats were elected at-large district-wide on a general ticket. In 1833, a fourth seat was apportioned to the district, also elected district-wide at-large on the same general ticket.

Cong ress	Years	Seat A			Seat B			Seat C			Seat D
Cong ress	Years	Representative	Party	Electoral history	Representative	Party	Electoral history	Representative	Party	Electoral history	Representative	Party	Electoral history
18th	March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825	Churchill C. Cambreleng	Democratic-Republican	Redistricted from the 2nd district and re-elected in 1822. Re-elected in 1824. Re-elected in 1826. Re-elected in 1828. Re-elected in 1830. Re-elected in 1832. Re-elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Lost re-election.	Peter Sharpe	Democratic-Republican	Elected in 1822. Lost re-election.	John J. Morgan	Jackson Democratic-Republican	Redistricted from the 2nd district and re-elected in 1822.	4th seat added in 1833
19th	March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1827		Jacksonian		Jeromus Johnson	Jacksonian	Elected in 1824.	Gulian C. Verplanck	Jacksonian	Elected in 1824.
20th	March 4, 1827 – March 3, 1829				Jeromus Johnson	Jacksonian	Elected in 1824.
21st	March 4, 1829 – March 3, 1831				Campbell P. White	Jacksonian	Elected in 1828. Re-elected in 1830. Re-elected in 1832. Re-elected in 1834. Resigned.
22nd	March 4, 1831 – March 3, 1833
23rd	March 4, 1833 – May 14, 1834							Dudley Selden	Jacksonian	Elected in 1832. Resigned.	Cornelius Lawrence	Jacksonian	Elected in 1832. Resigned to become Mayor of New York City.
	May 15, 1834 – July 2, 1834							Dudley Selden	Jacksonian	Elected in 1832. Resigned.	Vacant
	July 3, 1834 – December 1, 1834							Vacant			Vacant
	December 1, 1834 – March 3, 1835							John J. Morgan	Jacksonian	Elected to finish Selden's term. [data unknown/missing]	Charles G. Ferris	Jacksonian	Elected to finish Lawrence's term. [data unknown/missing]
24th	March 4, 1835 – October 2, 1835							Ely Moore	Jacksonian	Elected in 1834. Re-elected in 1836.	John McKeon	Jacksonian	Elected in 1834. Lost re-election.
	October 3, 1835 – December 6, 1835				Vacant
	December 7, 1835 – March 3, 1837				Gideon Lee	Jacksonian	Elected to finish White's term. Retired.
25th	March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1839		Democratic		Edward Curtis	Whig	Elected in 1836.		Democratic		Ogden Hoffman	Whig	Elected in 1836. Re-elected in 1838. [data unknown/missing]
26th	March 4, 1839 – March 3, 1841	Moses H. Grinnell	Whig	Elected in 1838. Lost re-election.	Edward Curtis	Whig	Elected in 1836.	James Monroe	Whig	Elected in 1838. Lost re-election.	Ogden Hoffman	Whig
27th	March 4, 1841 – March 3, 1843	Charles G. Ferris	Democratic	Elected in 1840. [data unknown/missing]	Fernando Wood	Democratic	Elected in 1840. Lost re-election.	James I. Roosevelt	Democratic	Elected in 1840. Retired.	John McKeon	Democratic	Elected in 1840. Lost re-election.

1843–present

Representative	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history
The single-seat district was restored in 1843
Jonas P. Phoenix	Whig	March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1845	28th	Elected in 1842. [data unknown/missing]
William S. Miller	American	March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1847	29th	Elected in 1844. [data unknown/missing]
Henry Nicoll	Democratic	March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849	30th	Elected in 1846. [data unknown/missing]
Jonas P. Phoenix	Whig	March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1851	31st	Elected in 1848. [data unknown/missing]
Emanuel B. Hart	Democratic	March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853	32nd	Elected in 1850. [data unknown/missing]
Hiram Walbridge	Democratic	March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855	33rd	Elected in 1852. [data unknown/missing]
Guy R. Pelton	Opposition	March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857	34th	Elected in 1854. [data unknown/missing]
Daniel Sickles	Democratic	March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1861	35th 36th	Elected in 1856. Re-elected in 1858. [data unknown/missing]
Benjamin Wood	Democratic	March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863	37th	Elected in 1860. Redistricted to the 4th district.
Moses F. Odell	Democratic	March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1865	38th	Redistricted from the 2nd district and re-elected in 1862. [data unknown/missing]
James Humphrey	Republican	March 4, 1865 – June 16, 1866	39th	Elected in 1864. Died.
Vacant		June 16, 1866 – December 4, 1866
John W. Hunter	Democratic	December 4, 1866 – March 3, 1867		Elected to finish Humphrey's term. [data unknown/missing]
William E. Robinson	Democratic	March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1869	40th	Elected in 1866. [data unknown/missing]
Henry Warner Slocum	Democratic	March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1873	41st 42nd	Elected in 1868. Re-elected in 1870. [data unknown/missing] Retired.
Stewart L. Woodford	Republican	March 4, 1873 – July 1, 1874	43rd	Elected in 1872. Resigned.
Vacant		July 1, 1874 – November 3, 1874	43rd
Simeon B. Chittenden	Independent Republican	November 3, 1874 – March 3, 1877	43rd 44th 45th 46th	Elected to finish Woodford's term. Re-elected in 1874. [data unknown/missing]
Simeon B. Chittenden	Republican	March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1881	43rd 44th 45th 46th	Re-elected in 1876. Re-elected in 1878. [data unknown/missing]
J. Hyatt Smith	Independent	March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1883	47th	Elected in 1880. [data unknown/missing]
Darwin R. James	Republican	March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1887	48th 49th	Elected in 1882. Re-elected in 1884. [data unknown/missing]
Stephen V. White	Republican	March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1889	50th	Elected in 1886. [data unknown/missing]
William C. Wallace	Republican	March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1891	51st	Elected in 1888. [data unknown/missing]
William J. Coombs	Democratic	March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1893	52nd	Elected in 1890. Redistricted to the 4th district.
Joseph C. Hendrix	Democratic	March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1895	53rd	Elected in 1892. [data unknown/missing]
Francis H. Wilson	Republican	March 4, 1895 – September 30, 1897	54th 55th	Elected in 1894. Re-elected in 1896. Resigned to become Postmaster of Brooklyn.
Vacant		September 30, 1897 – December 6, 1897	55th
Edmund H. Driggs	Democratic	December 6, 1897 – March 3, 1901	55th 56th	Elected to finish Wilson's term. Re-elected in 1898. [data unknown/missing]
Henry Bristow	Republican	March 4, 1901 – March 3, 1903	57th	Elected in 1900. [data unknown/missing]
Charles T. Dunwell	Republican	March 3, 1903 – June 12, 1908	58th 59th 60th	Elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Died.
Vacant		June 12, 1908 – November 3, 1908	60th
Otto G. Foelker	Republican	November 3, 1908 – March 3, 1911	60th 61st	Elected to finish Dunwell's term. Re-elected in 1908. [data unknown/missing]
James P. Maher	Democratic	March 4, 1911 – March 3, 1913	62nd	Elected in 1910. Redistricted to the 5th district.
Frank E. Wilson	Democratic	March 4, 1913 – March 3, 1915	63rd	Redistricted from the 4th district and re-elected in 1912.
Joseph V. Flynn	Democratic	March 4, 1915 – March 3, 1919	64th 65th	Elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. [data unknown/missing]
John MacCrate	Republican	March 4, 1919 – December 30, 1920	66th	Elected in 1918. Resigned to become justice of the New York Supreme Court.
Vacant		December 30, 1920 – March 3, 1921	66th
John Kissel	Republican	March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1923	67th	Elected in 1920. Lost re-election.
George W. Lindsay	Democratic	March 4, 1923 – January 3, 1935	68th 69th 70th 71st 72nd 73rd	Elected in 1922. Re-elected in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Lost renomination.
Joseph L. Pfeifer	Democratic	January 3, 1935 – January 3, 1945	74th 75th 76th 77th 78th	Elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Re-elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Re-elected in 1942. Redistricted to the 8th district.
Henry J. Latham	Republican	January 3, 1945 – January 3, 1953	79th 80th 81st 82nd	Elected in 1944. Re-elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Redistricted to the 4th district.
Frank J. Becker	Republican	January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1963	83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th	Elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Redistricted to the 5th district.
Steven Derounian	Republican	January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1965	88th	Redistricted from the 2nd district and re-elected in 1962. [data unknown/missing]
Lester L. Wolff	Democratic	January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1973	89th 90th 91st 92nd	Elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Redistricted to the 6th district.
Angelo D. Roncallo	Republican	January 3, 1973 – January 3, 1975	93rd	Elected in 1972. Lost re-election.
Jerome A. Ambro Jr.	Democratic	January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1981	94th 95th 96th	Elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Lost re-election.
Gregory W. Carman	Republican	January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1983	97th	Elected in 1980. Retired.
Robert J. Mrazek	Democratic	January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1993	98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd	Elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Retired to the run for U.S. Senator.
Peter T. King	Republican	January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2013	103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th 112th	Elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Redistricted to the 2nd district.
Steve Israel	Democratic	January 3, 2013 – January 3, 2017	113th 114th	Redistricted from the 2nd district and re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Retired.
Thomas Suozzi	Democratic	January 3, 2017 – January 3, 2023	115th 116th 117th	Elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Retired to run for governor of New York.
George Santos	Republican	January 3, 2023 – Present	118th	Elected in 2022.

Recent election results

In New York State there are numerous parties at various points on the political spectrum. Certain parties will invariably endorse either the Republican or Democratic candidate for every office, hence the state electoral results contain both the party votes, and the final candidate votes (Listed as "Recap").

U.S. House of Representatives election, 1996: New York District 3
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Peter T. King (incumbent)	127,972	55.3
	Democratic	Dal LaMagna	97,518	42.1
	Right to Life	John J. O'Shea	4,129	1.8
	Liberal	John A. DePrima	1,807	0.8
Majority			30,454	13.2
Turnout			231,426	100

U.S. House of Representatives election, 1998: New York District 3
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Peter T. King (incumbent)	117,258	64.3	+9.0
	Democratic	Kevin N. Langberg	63,628	34.9	−7.2
	Liberal	Thomas R. DiLavore	1,497	0.8	+0.0
Majority			53,630	29.4	+16.2
Turnout			182,383	100	−21.2

U.S. House of Representatives election, 2000: New York District 3
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Peter T. King (incumbent)	143,126	59.5	−4.8
	Democratic	Dal LaMagna	95,787	39.8	+4.9
	Liberal	Selma Olchin	1,515	0.6	−0.2
Majority			47,339	19.7	−9.7
Turnout			240,428	100	+31.8

U.S. House of Representatives election, 2002: New York District 3
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Peter T. King (incumbent)	121,537	71.9	+12.4
	Democratic	Stuart L. Finz	46,022	27.2	−12.6
	Liberal	Janeen DePrima	1,513	0.9	+0.3
Majority			75,515	44.7	+25.0
Turnout			169,072	100	−29.7

U.S. House of Representatives election, 2004: New York District 3
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Peter T. King (incumbent)	171,259	63.0	−8.9
	Democratic	Blair H. Mathies, Jr.	100,737	37.0	+9.8
Majority			70,522	25.9	−18.8
Turnout			271,996	100	+60.9

U.S. House of Representatives election, 2006: New York District 3
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Peter T. King (incumbent)	101,787	56.0	−7.0
	Democratic	Dave Mejias	79,843	44.0	+7.0
Majority			21,944	12.1	-13.8
Turnout			181,630	100	−33.2

U.S. House of Representatives election, 2008: New York District 3
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Peter T. King (incumbent)	135,648	64.0	+8.0
	Democratic	Graham Long	76,918	36.0	−7.0
Turnout			212,566	100	−33.2

U.S. House of Representatives election, 2010: New York District 3
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Peter T. King (incumbent)	126,142	72.0	+8.0
	Democratic	Howard Kudler	48,963	28.0	−8.0
Turnout			175,105	100	−33.2

U.S. House of Representatives election, 2012: New York District 3[7]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Steve Israel	146,271	53.5
	Working Families	Steve Israel	6,506	2.4
	Independence	Steve Israel	5,103	1.9
	Total	Steve Israel (incumbent)	157,880	57.8
	Republican	Stephen LaBate	98,614	36.1
	Conservative	Stephen LaBate	14,589	5.4
	Total	Stephen LaBate	113,203	41.5
	Libertarian	Michael McDermott	1,644	0.6
	Constitution	Anthony Tolda	367	0.1
Total votes			273,094	100
	Democratic gain from Republican

U.S. House of Representatives election, 2014: New York District 3[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Steve Israel	80,393	48.9
	Working Families	Steve Israel	5,191	3.2
	Independence	Steve Israel	4,448	2.7
	Total	Steve Israel (incumbent)	90,032	54.8
	Republican	Grant Lally	63,219	38.5
	Conservative	Grant Lally	11,050	6.7
	Total	Grant Lally	74,269	45.2
Total votes			164,301	100.0
	Democratic hold

U.S. House of Representatives election, 2016: New York District 3[9]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Thomas Suozzi	167,758	52.9
	Republican	Jack Martins	131,534	41.4
	Conservative	Jack Martins	16,134	5.1
	Reform	Jack Martins	1,909	0.6
	Total	Jack Martins	149,577	47.1
Total votes			317,335	100.0
	Democratic hold

U.S. House of Representatives election, 2018: New York District 3
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Tom Suozzi (incumbent)	157,456	59.0	+6.6
	Republican	Dan DeBono	109,514	41.0	−6.6
Turnout			266,970	100	+13.2
	Democratic hold

U.S. House of Representatives election, 2020: New York District 3[10][11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Thomas Suozzi (incumbent)	195,927	52.6
	Working Families	Thomas Suozzi	9,193	2.5
	Independence	Thomas Suozzi	3,292	0.9
	Total	Thomas Suozzi (incumbent)	208,412	56.0
	Republican	George Santos	147,437	39.6
	Conservative	George Santos	14,470	3.9
	Total	George Santos	161,907	43.5
	Libertarian	Howard Rabin	2,154	0.5
Total votes			372,473	100.0
	Democratic hold

New York's 3rd congressional district, 2022[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Rob Zimmerman	115,677	42.62%
	Working Families	Rob Zimmerman	5,060	1.86%
	Total	Rob Zimmerman	120,737	44.48%
	Republican	George Santos	130,814	48.19%
	Conservative	George Santos	11,658	4.30%
	Total	George Santos	142,472	52.49%
Total votes			271,431	100%
	Republican gain from Democratic

Historical District Boundaries

2003–2013

2013–2023

This district historically has been centered in northeast Nassau County, but has added other areas from time to time. In the 1960s the district encompassed the northern half of Nassau County and a small corner of Queens. In the 1970s North Hempstead town was added to the 6th District and the 3rd moved into Huntington in Suffolk County and parts of southeast Nassau County. In the 1980s most of eastern Nassau was added to the 4th District, and the 3rd was composed of northwest Nassau, a narrow corridor along the Long Island Sound, and northwest Suffolk. After the 1992 redistricting the North Shore was transferred to the new 5th District and the 3rd consisted of inland areas of northern and eastern Nassau County, and the Nassau County south shore. An even narrower corridor linked the northwest Nassau and northwest Suffolk portion of the 5th District, leaving most of Oyster Bay in the 3rd. The 2002 remap removed some areas of eastern Nassau but added south shore towns in Suffolk County and the shore areas of northeast Nassau. In 2012, the district moved from the South Shore to the North Shore and re-entered Queens for the first time since the 1960s.

References

"New York congressional districts by urban and rural population and land area". United States Census Bureau. June 8, 2017. Archived from the original on November 21, 2019. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov.
"2022 Cook PVI℠: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
"New York State Board of Elections - Elected Officials". www.elections.ny.gov. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
DePietro, Andrew. "The Wealthiest Congressional Districts Of 2022". Forbes. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
"Swing State Project:: Presidential Results by Congressional District, 2000-2008". Archived from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
"New York State Official Election Night Results" (PDF). New York Board of Elections. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
"NYS Board of Elections" (PDF). NYS Board of Elections. November 4, 2014. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
"New York State Official Election Night Results" (PDF). New York Board of Elections. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
"November 3, 2020 General Election Certification" (PDF). New York State Board of Elections. September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
"2020 Election Results". New York State Board of Elections. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
"2022 General Election Results — Certified December 15, 2022". New York State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on December 30, 2022. Retrieved December 30, 2022.

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
National atlas congressional maps

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[1] "New York congressional districts by urban and rural population and land area". United States Census Bureau. June 8, 2017. Archived from the original on November 21, 2019. Retrieved November 21, 2019.

[2] Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov.

[Cook-3] "2022 Cook PVI℠: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. Retrieved January 10, 2023.

[4] "New York State Board of Elections - Elected Officials". www.elections.ny.gov. Retrieved October 22, 2022.

[5] DePietro, Andrew. "The Wealthiest Congressional Districts Of 2022". Forbes. Retrieved December 2, 2022.

[6] "Swing State Project:: Presidential Results by Congressional District, 2000-2008". Archived from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved March 27, 2010.

[NYGeneral-7] "New York State Official Election Night Results" (PDF). New York Board of Elections. Retrieved March 8, 2021.

[results-8] "NYS Board of Elections" (PDF). NYS Board of Elections. November 4, 2014. Retrieved January 23, 2017.

[NYGeneral2016-9] "New York State Official Election Night Results" (PDF). New York Board of Elections. Retrieved December 28, 2016.

[Federal_Certification-10] "November 3, 2020 General Election Certification" (PDF). New York State Board of Elections. September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 25, 2020.

[NYgenr-11] "2020 Election Results". New York State Board of Elections. Retrieved December 3, 2020.

[generalresults-12] "2022 General Election Results — Certified December 15, 2022". New York State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on December 30, 2022. Retrieved December 30, 2022.