National-revolutionary movement

The national-revolutionary movement, sometimes called national-revolutionary , is a nebula made up of nationalisms that are strongly distinct from traditional nationalism, in the sense that they are more involved in the social question, involved geopolitically.[1] The political references are multiple and sometimes selective, strongly characterized by eclecticism . We then speak of a national-revolutionary movement, of nationalism-revolutionary or of NR.

Not to be confused with Revolutionary Nationalism.

A heterogeneous movement, its tendencies are not uniform and do not necessarily have the same ideological heritage, as their intra-NR differences can be marked. There is therefore no orthodoxy specific to this movement but a multitude of tendencies. The national-revolutionary movement is not an ideology but a grouping of tendencies based on similar principles.

The term national-revolutionary includes movements characterized by neo-nationalism, anti-bourgeois, rejecting foreign influences, with a marked socialism, a catch-all populism, a deep hostility to liberalism, a total rejection of globalization, strong anti-Zionism and anti-Americanism. Generally the term includes so-called "Third Way", nationalist and anti-capitalist movements.

National-revolutionary movements are characterized by their common positions and not by their internal antagonisms, nor by their positioning on the political spectrum, in fact, according to the countries and their positions on certain issues, they are classified on the right-wing/far-right[2][3] or on the left-wing/far-left[4] but above all they are ideologically syncretic.

Appelation and term

The term national-revolutionary (Nationalrevolutionäre) appeared in Germany in the 1920s.[5]

Common denominators

The term national-revolutionary broadly denotes a form of populist and socializing nationalism with an identitarianism linked to the idea of localism, protectionism, self-sufficiency, anti-imperialism (pushed towards anti-Zionism, anti-Americanism and opposition to globalization), protection of traditions and customs and also emphasizes the idea of preserving the nation-state concept as an antidote to the globalist outpost, to guarantee in all countries the maximum social well-being of the population and absolute respect for the integrity of the environment. Proponents of revolutionary nationalisms see liberalism, materialism, consumer society, mass immigration and globalization as the main causes of the nation's social decline and cultural identity, they reject capitalism, classical conservatism, social-liberalism, orthodox Marxism and more generally, the right-wing and left-wing in general. They emphasize the Third Way.

If these movements are sometimes extremely different, they are recognized by similar principles:

• Their nationalism is linked to the idea of Revolution.

• This nationalism is linked to the idea of populism.

• He defends social justice and the poorest.

Common main ideas are:

• Social-nationalism with a populist variant.[6]

• The defense of the nation-state or the foundation of a new one.[7]

• Communitarianism, the nation is based on a shared destiny, which is opposed to individualism.

• The rejection of what can be perceived as societal excesses of modernity.

• Application of proper socialism in the homeland.

• The protection of the country's culture, religion and traditions.

• Rejection of anything that represents or supports liberal internationalism (NATO, supposed plutocracy, World Economic Forum, Centrism, Outsourcing.)

• Support for Ethno-differentialism as a defense of ethno-cultural identities on an ancestral land which would belong to them "by right". Differentialism is thus an idea that defends Opposition to immigration, anti-colonialism and anti-globalism.

• A desire to clearly distinguish themselves from the Right considered to be bourgeois and/or reactionary (rejection of Francoism, Salazarism, Petainism, etc.)

• A rejection of Nazism, Americanism, Marxism[5] as well as a large part of the counter-revolutionary philosophical school (notably Joseph de Maistre, Louis de Bonald or Edmund Burke)

• These movements and ideologues are more politicized and more extremist than other nationalist movements.

• The ideological references are multiple in these movements.

• Anti-globalism as a refusal to accept the world hegemony of an external power and the rejection of ideologies aimed at extending and standardizing the world (Americanism, Marxism, Liberalism etc...)

• Anti-Americanism and anti-Zionism based on the rejection of “American-Zionist imperialism" and the imposition of world hegemony, as well as by rejection of the values advocated by the United States and support for nationalist movements in the Third World.[5] Also, American values supporting liberalism, capitalism, and individualism are contrary to national-revolutionary communitarian, socialist, and illiberal ideas.

• Sometimes syncretism with other ideologies like Religious Nationalism, Pan-nationalism or Democratic Socialism, it depends on the line of the organisation/movement/party.

• The use of untimely vocabulary such as capitalism, reactionary, leftism, bourgeois, lobby, American-Zionist, new world order etc.

However, national-revolutionary movement is not a uniform movement, if we notice that national-revolutionaries all share in their ideological DNA anti-capitalism, identitarianism, social-nationalism as well as anti-Americanism and anti-Zionism and that they have common references, they may differ on other points, in particular the form of socialism or solidarism to be adapted and the religious question. Although ranked far righton the political spectrum, most of these movements are historically unclassifiable because they are characterized by increased ideological syncretism. It is therefore not a uniform movement, since it differs according to the countries and continents.

Ethno-differentialist and anti-colonialist positions generate among these movements much sympathy for Ibero-American populist regimes, Palestinian nationalism, Third World (including Arab) nationalist regimes (such as Argentine Peronism, Nicaraguan Sandinism, Nasserism, Syrian Baathism, Libyan Ghadafism and even Venezuelan Chavismo)

When the Syrian Civil War broke out, nationalist-revolutionary movements of all tendencies around the world unanimously supported the Baathist regime of Bashar al-Assad

Description

The national-revolutionary movement being in essence eclectic, they cannot be described as a single block but rather as a nebula in their own right.

According to various political experts, the definition of revolutionary nationalism diverges, partly due to the history of these movements in different countries.

Philippe Baillet writes that the term national-revolutionary movement actually designates a very broad current, characterized above all by a desire to overcome the right-left divide. Baillet, who was close to this type of movement notes:

Their hostility to capitalism and the world of finance is more marked, at least expressed more virulently [...] They viscerally hate the United States of America, in the context of a criticism that goes beyond the political fight against "American imperialism" to extend to a global and systematic rejection of American civilization [...] often, they feed in connection with this Americanophobia [...] A detestation of the State of Israel.[8]

Patrick Edery notes that if the National Revolutionaries have no electoral weight, they have a non-negligible ideological influence on right-wing and left-wing movements which means that they have catch-all ideas.[9]

Opinions, criticisms and repressions

Criticisms

The French translator Philippe Baillet, neo-rightist, who was long associated with the traditionalist-revolutionary movement becomes a virulent critic of these ideologies, in 2016 his book was published: The Other Third-Worldism: from the origins to radical Islamism / Between defense of race and anti-imperialist solidarity where he criticizes the national-revolutionary and certain tendencies of the far-right, in particular considering that these only deal with political and geopolitical subjects, for this one, the "defense of the race" would take a back seat in these circles[5]

French conservative columnist Patrick Edery notes:

The galaxy, with often shady customs, of national-revolutionaries, left-wing nationalists, right-wing nationalists, national socialists, national-socialists and national bolsheviks has almost no electoral weight, but is very influential ideologically among militants and leaders of the right and the left. [...] The convergence of the struggles of this nebula is based on the identification of a common enemy, for various reasons: the US[9]

Repressions

Under the Third Reich, persecutions affected the German national-revolutionaries who, in the German nationalist movement, refused to ally themselves with the regime of Adolf Hitler and condemned the regime, causing arrests and murders of national-revolutionaries by the Nazis[10]

In Peru, National-Revolutionary supporters of Juan Velasco Alvarado were purged from the Peruvian Army by order of Francisco Morales Bermúdez

In Poland, several Falanga members were charged in 2019 with committing a terrorist act in Ukraine in a court in Kraków

In 2019, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) presented recommendations to the Republic of Poland on the implementation of the provisions of the International Convention on Racial Discrimination of 1966, in which it demanded that Poland ban and criminalize Falanga[11]

National-revolutionary symbols

See also

References
  1. "Ribelli e borghesi". Ariannaeditrice.it (in Italian).
  2. « Front historique », Année Zéro, mai 1976.
  3. Joseph Algazy (1989). L'extrême-droite en France de 1965 à 1984. Éditions L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-7384-0229-5. BNF: 36638062b.
  4. Marcel Niedergang, "Revolutionary Nationalism in Peru" in Foreign Affairs, April 1971, vol. 49, no. 3, p. 454
  5. Baillet, Philippe (2016). L'autre tiers-mondisme: des origines à l'islamisme radical (in French). pp. 161–193. ISBN 978-2-913612-61-7. OCLC 961035695.
  6. Thomas Pfeiffer, Die Neue Rechte in Deutschland, p. 108.
  7. Uwe Sauermann: Ernst Niekisch. Zwischen allen Fronten. Mit einem bio-bibliographischen Anhang von Armin Mohler. München, Berlin: Herbig, 1980, 236 S., ISBN 3-7766-1013-1 S. 219 – 236)
  9. Patrick Edery (February 2023). "Le Nid D'Agents Russes en France Est-Il Dangereux? Les Réseaux De La Droit Et La Désinformation Russe". deliberatio.eu (in French).
  10. Birgit Rätsch-Langejürgen: Das Prinzip Widerstand. Leben und Wirken von Ernst Niekisch Dissertation Universität München, 1994/95. Bonn: Bouvier, 1997, 392 S., ISBN 3-416-02608-X
  11. "ONZ apeluje do Polski o delegalizację Młodzieży Wszechpolskiej i ONR-u". wyborcza.pl.
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