Nature Index

The Nature Index attempts to objectively measure the scientific output of institutions and countries, taking into account differences in quality. Therefore, only articles published in 82[note 1] selected high-quality journals are counted. These journals are selected by an independent committee. If authors from several institutions and/or countries are involved in a scientific article, it is divided accordingly, assuming that all researchers were equally involved in the article. For example, this “fractional count” (FC) received by each author would be 0.1 for an article with 10 authors. If an author is affiliated with more than one institution, that author’s FC is then subdivided equally across their affiliated institutions. The process is similar for countries and regions, though the fact that some institutions have overseas labs makes the process more complicated, with such labs being counted towards their appropriate host countries.[3][4]

The top 25 institutions with the highest share of articles published in scientific journals according to the Nature Index 2022, which is valid for the calendar year 2021:[5]

Rank	Institution	Country	Total share
1	Chinese Academy of Sciences	China	1.963%
2	Harvard University	United States	0.911%
3	Max Planck Society	Germany	0.782%
4	French National Centre for Scientific Research	France	0.675%
5	Stanford University	United States	0.606%
6	Helmholtz Association	Germany	0.565%
7	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	United States	0.533%
8	University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences	China	0.530%
9	University of Science and Technology of China	China	0.502%
10	Peking University	China	0.492%
11	Tsinghua University	China	0.472%
12	Nanjing University	China	0.464%
13	University of Oxford	United Kingdom	0.452%
14	University of Tokyo	Japan	0.447%
15	Zhejiang University	China	0.417%
16	University of Cambridge	United Kingdom	0.416%
17	National Institutes of Health	United States	0.406%
18	ETH Zurich	Switzerland	0.395%
19	University of California, Berkeley	United States	0.373%
20	Fudan University	China	0.366%
21	University of California, San Diego	United States	0.347%
22	Shanghai Jiao Tong University	China	0.343%
23	Sun Yat-sen University	China	0.339%
24	University of Michigan	United States	0.337%
25	Yale University	United States	0.335%

The top 25 countries with the highest share of articles published in scientific journals according to the Nature Index 2022, which is valid for the calendar year 2021.[6]

Rank	Country	Total share
1	United States	19.857%
2	China	16.753%
3	Germany	4.845%
4	United Kingdom	3.755%
5	Japan	3.185%
6	France	2.153%
7	Canada	1.597%
8	South Korea	1.593%
9	Switzerland	1.457%
10	Australia	1.297%
11	India	1.226%
12	Italy	1.177%
13	Spain	1.144%
14	Netherlands	0.939%
15	Sweden	0.688%
16	Israel	0.673%
17	Singapore	0.618%
18	Russia	0.553%
19	Denmark	0.436%
20	Belgium	0.429%
21	Taiwan	0.418%
22	Austria	0.388%
23	Brazil	0.312%
24	Poland	0.288%
25	Finland	0.221%