List of Indian Nobel laureates

First instituted in 1901, the Nobel Prize has been awarded to a total of 904 individuals (852 men and 52 women) and 24 organizations as of 2018.[1] Among the recipients, 11 are Indians (four Indian citizens and seven of Indian ancestry or residency). Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian citizen to be awarded and also first Asian to be awarded in 1913. Mother Teresa is the only woman among the list of recipients.[2] Sri Aurobindo, the Indian poet, philosopher, nationalist and developer of Integral yoga, was nominated unsuccessfully for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1943 and for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950.[3][4]

The Nobel Prize

On 1 December 1999, the Norwegian Nobel Committee confirmed that Mahatma Gandhi was nominated unsuccessfully for the Peace Prize five times (from 1937 to 1939, in 1947 and a few days before he was assassinated in January 1948).[5] In 2006, Geir Lundestad, the Secretary of Norwegian Nobel Committee, cited it as "the greatest omission in our 106-year history".[6][7][8]

Laureates

Two of the Nobel laureates (Tagore and Raman) were citizens of British India at the time they were awarded while two also were of foreign origin (Ross and Kipling). Three of the laureates were citizens of the Republic of India (Mother Teresa, Sen, and Satyarthi) and four were Indian by birth (Khorana, Chandrasekhar, Ramakrishnan, and Banerjee) but subsequently non-citizens of India.

YearImageLaureateBornDiedFieldCitation
1902 Ronald Ross 13 May 1857
Almora, Uttarakhand		 16 September 1932
London, United Kingdom		 Physiology or Medicine "for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it."[9]
1907 Joseph Rudyard Kipling 30 December 1865
Malabar Hill, South Mumbai, Maharashtra		 18 January 1936
London, United Kingdom		 Literature "in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author."[10]
1913 Rabindranath Tagore 7 May 1861
Kolkata, West Bengal		 7 August 1941
Kolkata, West Bengal		 Literature "because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West."[11]
1930 Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman 7 November 1888
Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu		 21 November 1970
Bangalore, Karnataka		 Physics "for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him."[12]
1968 Har Gobind Khorana 9 January 1922
Raipur, Punjab		 9 November 2011
Concord, Massachusetts, United States		 Physiology or Medicine "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis."[13]
(awarded together with American biochemists Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley)
1979 Teresa Bojaxhiu, M.C. 26 August 1910
Skopje, North Macedonia		 5 September 1997
Kolkata, West Bengal		 Peace "for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity."[14]
1983 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar 19 October 1910
Lahore, Punjab		 21 August 1995
Chicago, Illinois, United States		 Physics "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars."[15]
(awarded together with American astrophysicist William Alfred Fowler)
1998 Amartya Kumar Sen 3 November 1933
Santiniketan, Bolpur, West Bengal		 Economics "for his contributions to welfare economics."[16]
2009 Venkatraman "Venki" Ramakrishnan 1 April 1952
Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu		 Chemistry ""for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome."[17]
(awarded together with American biochemist Thomas A. Steitz and Israeli crystallographer Ada Yonath)
2014 Kailash Satyarthi 11 January 1954
Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh		 Peace "for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education."[18]
(awarded together with Pakistani activist Malala Yousafzai)
2019 Abhijit Banerjee 21 February 1961
Mumbai, Maharashtra		 Economics "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty"
(awarded together with his wife Esther Duflo and American economist Michael Kremer)

Nominees
ImageLaureateBornDiedYears NominatedCitationNominator(s)
Peace
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi 2 October 1869
Porbandar, Gujarat		 30 January 1948
New Delhi, Delhi		 1937, 1938, 1939, 1947, 1948 [19]
Physics
Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman 7 November 1888
Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu		 21 November 1970
Bangalore, Karnataka		 1929, 1930 "for his work in the field of light scattering and the discovery of a modified scattering called Raman effect."[20]
Meghnad Saha 6 October 1893
Dhaka, Bangladesh		 16 February 1956
New Delhi		 1930, 1937, 1939, 1940, 1951, 1955 "for developing the Saha ionization equation, used to describe chemical and physical conditions in stars."[21]
Arthur Edwin Kennelly* 17 December 1861
Colaba, Mumbai, Maharashtra		 18 June 1939
Boston, Massachusetts, United States		 1935 "for his contributions to the theory of electrical transmission and to the development of international electrical standards."[22]
Homi Jehangir Bhabha 30 October 1909
Mumbai, Maharashtra		 24 January 1966
Mont Blanc, Alps, France		 1951, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956 "for his discovery of the cascade process of cosmic radiation and Bhabha Scattering in quantum electrodynamics."[23] Jacques Hadamard (1865–1963)
Satyendra Nath Bose 1 January 1894
Kolkata, West Bengal		 4 February 1974
Kolkata, West Bengal		 1956, 1959, 1962, 1968, 1969 "for developing the foundation for Bose statistics and the theory of the Bose condensate in quantum mechanics."[24]
Robert Hanbury Brown* 31 August 1916
Aruvankadu, Tamil Nadu		 16 January 2002
Andover, Hampshire, United Kingdom		 1965, 1966 "for developing the Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect leading to the creation of intensity interferometers."[25][26]
Richard Quinn Twiss* 24 August 1920
Shimla, Himachal Pradesh		 20 May 2005
Sydney, Australia
Chemistry
Roger John Williams* 14 August 1893
Ooty, Tamil Nadu		 20 February 1988
Austin, Texas, United States		 1960 "for his work on vitamins, particularly on discovering and isolating vitamin B6, lipoic acid, and avidin."[27]
Gopalasamudram Narayanan Ramachandran 8 October 1922
Ernakulam, Kerala		 7 April 2001
Chennai, Tamil Nadu		 1964 "for developing the Ramachandran plot for understanding peptide structure."[28] Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (1888–1970)
Thiruvengadam Rajendram Seshadri 3 February 1900
Kulithalai, Tamil Nadu		 27 September 1975
New Delhi		 1966, 1968 "for his research on oxygen heterocyclic compounds."[29]
  • N. Subba Rao (?)
  • B. Jain (?)
Literature
Joseph Rudyard Kipling* 30 December 1865
Malabar Hill, South Mumbai, Maharashtra		 18 January 1936
London, United Kingdom		 1903, 1904, 1905,
1907		 [30]
Rabindranath Tagore 7 May 1861
Kolkata, West Bengal		 7 August 1941
Kolkata, West Bengal		 1913 [31] Thomas Sturge Moore (1870–1944)
Rabindranath Datta 1 October 1883
Kolkata, West Bengal		 6 July 1917
Kolkata, West Bengal		 1916 [32]
  • Mano Gangedy (?)
  • Raya Yatindra Chondhury (?)
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 5 September 1888
Thiruttani, Tamil Nadu		 17 April 1975
Chennai, Tamil Nadu		 1933, 1934, 1935,
1936, 1937, 1952,
1956, 1957, 1958,
1960, 1961, 1962,
1963		 [33]
James Cousins* 22 July 1873
Belfast, Northern Ireland		 20 February 1956
Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh		 1935 [34] Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941)
Hari Mohan Banerjee 1936 [35] Devadatta Ramakrishna Bhandarkar (1875–1950)
Bensadhar Majumdar 1937, 1939 [36]
  • Sen Satyendranath (1909–?)
  • Mukundadeb Chatterjee (?)
Mohammad Hosain Khan
(probably Mohammad Habib (1895–1971))		 1938 [37] Per Hallström (1866–1960)
Sanjib Chaudhuri 1938, 1939 [38]
Sri Aurobindo Ghose 15 August 1872
Kolkata, West Bengal		 5 December 1950
Pondicherry, Union Territory of Puducherry		 1943 [39] Francis Younghusband (1863–1942)
Sachidananda Routray 13 May 1916
Gurujang, Odisha		 21 August 2004
Cuttack, Odisha		 1959 [40] Radhakamal Mukerjee (1889–1968)
Lawrence Durrell* 27 February 1912
Jalandhar, Punjab		 7 November 1990
Sommières, Gard, France		 1961, 1962, 1963,
1964, 1965, 1966,
1967, 1969, 1971		 [41]
Gopal Singh 29 November 1917
Panaji, Goa		 8 August 1990
Panaji, Goa		 1965 [42]
Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay 27 July 1898
Labhpur, West Bengal		 14 September 1971
Kolkata, West Bengal		 1971 [43] Krishna Kripalani (1907–1992)

See also

Notes

    References
    1. Media, Nobel (22 November 2018). "Nobel Prize facts". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
    2. "From 1913 to 2014: Indian Nobel Prize winners". The Hindu. 10 October 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
    3. Rajinder Singh (September 2012). "Aurobindo Gosh's Nobel nomination". Science and Culture. p. 442. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
    4. Media, Nobel (22 November 2018). "Aurobindo Ghosh Nomination archive". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
    5. Levinovitz, Agneta Wallin (2001). The Nobel Prize: The First 100 Years. London: Imperial College Press, London. pp. 181–186. ISBN 9789810246655.
    6. Tønnesson, Øyvind (1 December 1999). "Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureate". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
    7. Ghosh, Avijit (17 October 2006). "We missed Mahatma Gandhi". The Times of India. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
    8. Wolchover, Natalie (10 May 2011). "No Peace for Gandhi". NBCNews. Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
    9. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902 nobelprize.org
    10. The Nobel Prize in Literature 1907 nobelprize.org
    11. The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913 nobelprize.org
    12. The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930 nobelprize.org
    13. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968 nobelprize.org
    14. The Nobel Peace Prize 1979 nobelprize.org
    15. The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983 nobelprize.org
    16. The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1998 nobelprize.org
    17. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 nobelprize.org
    18. The Nobel Peace Prize 2014 nobelprize.org
    19. https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=3320
    20. Nomination archive – Sir Chandrasekhara V Raman nobelprize.org
    21. Nomination archive – Meghnad N Saha nobelprize.org
    22. Nomination archive – Arthur E Kennelly nobelprize.org
    23. Nomination archive – Homi J Bhabha nobelprize.org
    24. Nomination archive – Satyendra Nath Bose nobelprize.org
    25. Nomination archive – Robert Hanbury Brown nobelprize.org
    26. Nomination archive – Richard Q Twiss nobelprize.org
    27. Nomination archive – Roger J Williams nobelprize.org
    28. Nomination archive – Gopalasamudram Narayanan Ramachandran nobelprize.org
    29. Nomination archive – T R Seshadri nobelprize.org
    30. Nomination archive – Rudyard Kipling nobelprize.org
    31. Nomination archive – Rabindranath Tagore nobelprize.org
    32. Nomination archive – Roby Datta nobelprize.org
    33. Nomination archive – Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan nobelprize.org
    34. Nomination archive – James H Cousins nobelprize.org
    35. Nomination archive – Hari Mohan Banerjee nobelprize.org
    36. Nomination archive – Bensadhar Majumdar nobelprize.org
    37. Nomination archive – Mohammad H Khan nobelprize.org
    38. Nomination archive – Sanjib Chaudhuri nobelprize.org
    39. Nomination archive – Sri Aurobindo nobelprize.org
    40. Nomination archive – Sochi Raut Roy nobelprize.org
    41. Nomination archive – Lawrence Durrell nobelprize.org
    42. Nomination archive – Gopal Singh nobelprize.org
    43. Nomination archive – Tarashankar Bandyopadhyay nobelprize.org

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