East Anatolian Fault

The East Anatolian Fault (Turkish: Doğu Anadolu Fay Hattı) is a ~700 km long major strike-slip fault zone running from eastern to south-central Turkey. It forms the transform type tectonic boundary between the Anatolian Plate and the northward-moving Arabian Plate.[1] The difference in the relative motions of the two plates is manifest in the left lateral motion along the fault. The East and North Anatolian faults together accommodate the westward motion of the Anatolian Plate as it is squeezed out by the ongoing collision with the Eurasian Plate.

East Anatolian Fault
The East Anatolian and neighbouring faults cover most of Turkey
LocationEastern and south-central Turkey
CountryTurkey
Tectonics
PlateAnatolian Plate
Arabian Plate
Earthquakes1893, 1998, 2010, 2020, 2023
Typestrike-slip, transform-type tectonic boundary

The East Anatolian Fault runs in a northeasterly direction, starting from the Maras Triple Junction at the northern end of the Dead Sea Transform, and ending at the Karlıova Triple Junction where it meets the North Anatolian Fault.

Seismicity

The fault produced large earthquakes in 1789 (M 7.2), 1795 (M 7.0), 1872 (M 7.2), 1874 (M 7.1), 1875 (M 6.7), 1893 (M 7.1) and 1905 (Mw  6.8).[1] The Ms 7.1 earthquake in 1893 killed over 800 people.[2]

From 1939 to 1999, a series of earthquakes progressed westwards along the North Anatolian Fault. But since 1998, there have been a series on or near the East Anatolian Fault. These started with the 1998 Adana–Ceyhan earthquake and include the 2003 Bingöl earthquake, the 2010 Elâzığ earthquake, the 2020 Elâzığ earthquake and the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake.[3][4][5] The 2003 earthquake did not rupture along the East Anatolian Fault; it ruptured a perpendicular strike-slip fault. The 1971 Bingöl earthquake produced surface ruptures along the fault.[6] The 2023 earthquake produced up to 400 km (250 mi) of surface rupture along the fault.[7]

References
  1. Güvercin, S.E.; Karabulut, H.; Konca, A.O.; Doğan, U.; Ergintav, S. (2022). "Active seismotectonics of the East Anatolian Fault". Geophysical Journal International. 230 (1): 50–69. doi:10.1093/gji/ggac045. Archived from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  2. Hubert-Ferrari, Aurélia; Lamair, Laura; Hage, Sophie; Schmidt, Sabine; Çagatay, M. Namık; Avşar, Ulaş (15 May 2020). "A 3800 yr paleoseismic record (Lake Hazar sediments, eastern Turkey): Implications for the East Anatolian Fault seismic cycle" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 538. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116152.
  3. Zukerman, Wendy (24 October 2011). "Turkey earthquake reveals a new active fault zone". New Scientist. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
  4. USGS (24 January 2020). "M 6.7 – 4km ENE of Doganyol, Turkey". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  5. Belam, Martin; Abdul, Geneva; Beazley, Jordyn; Lock, Samantha; Abdul, Martin Belam (now); Geneva; Lock (earlier), Samantha (2023-02-06). "Turkey and Syria: more than 1,700 people confirmed dead after two large earthquakes strike – latest updates". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
  6. Milkereit, C.; Grosser, H.; Wang, R.; Wetzel, H.-U.; Woith, H.; Karakisa, S.; Zünbül, S.; Zschau, J. (2004). "Implications of the 2003 Bingöl Earthquake for the Interaction between the North and East Anatolian Faults". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 94 (6): 2400–2406. Bibcode:2004BuSSA..94.2400M. doi:10.1785/0120030194.
  7. "Yer kabuğundaki kayma 7 metre 30 santimetreye kadar çıktı" [The slip in the earth's crust was up to 7 meters 30 centimeters] (in Turkish). Gazete Zebra. 15 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.

Further reading
  • Chorowicz, Jean; Luxey, Pascal; Lyberis, Nikos; Carvalho, José; Parrot, Jean-François; Yürür, Tekin; Gündogdu, Niyazi (1994). "The Maras Triple Junction (southern Turkey) based on digital elevation model and satellite imagery interpretation". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 99 (B10): 20225–20242. doi:10.1029/94jb00321. ISSN 0148-0227.
  • Duman, Tamer Y.; Emre, Ömer (2013). "The East Anatolian Fault: geometry, segmentation and jog characteristics". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 372 (1): 495–529. doi:10.1144/sp372.14. ISSN 0305-8719.
  • Güvercin, Sezim Ezgi; Karabulut, Hayrullah; Konca, A Özgün; Doğan, Uğur; Ergintav, Semih (2022). "Active seismotectonics of the East Anatolian Fault". Geophysical Journal International. 230 (1): 50–69. doi:10.1093/gji/ggac045. ISSN 0956-540X.


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