Crenshaw House (Gallatin County, Illinois)

The Crenshaw House (also known as the Crenshaw Mansion, Hickory Hill or, most commonly, The Old Slave House) is an historic former residence and alleged haunted house located in Equality Township, Gallatin County, Illinois. The house was constructed in the 1830s.[2] It was the main residence of John Crenshaw, his wife, and their five children.

Crenshaw House
Front and side of the house
Crenshaw House (Gallatin County, Illinois) is located in Illinois
Crenshaw House (Gallatin County, Illinois)
Crenshaw House (Gallatin County, Illinois) is located in the United States
Crenshaw House (Gallatin County, Illinois)
LocationOff Rt. 1, Equality, Illinois
Coordinates37°43′49″N 88°17′33″W
Area2 acres (0.81 ha)
Built1834
ArchitectWilliam Gavin
Architectural styleGreek Revival architecture, Vernacular Greek Revival
NRHP reference No.85001164[1]
Added to NRHPMay 29, 1985

In 2004, the National Park Service named the mansion as a "station" on the Reverse Underground Railroad to acknowledge Crenshaw's practice of kidnapping free blacks in Illinois and selling them in the Slave States.[3][4]

The Old Slave House is a historic site in Southern Illinois that has been the subject of many ghost stories and legends. This mysterious and eerie building was once used as a slave auction house and is said to be one of the most haunted places in the United States.

The Old Slave House, also known as the Hickory Hill Mansion, was built in 1834 by John Hart Crenshaw, a wealthy Kentucky businessman. Crenshaw used the house as a place to buy and sell slaves, which was a common practice in the 19th century. It is estimated that as many as 1,000 slaves were bought and sold at the Old Slave House during its time as a slave auction house.

The house was also used as a station on the Underground Railroad, a network of secret routes and safe houses used by slaves to escape to freedom in the North. However, it is believed that Crenshaw used the house to capture and sell runaway slaves as well.

The Old Slave House has a dark and tragic history, and it is no surprise that it has become a popular site for ghost hunters and paranormal enthusiasts. Many visitors to the house have reported strange and unexplainable occurrences, such as cold spots, strange noises, and ghostly apparitions.

One of the most famous ghost stories associated with the Old Slave House is the legend of the "Demon Room." This room is said to be haunted by the ghost of a slave who was kept there in isolation for years. Visitors have reported feeling a strong sense of unease and dread when entering the room, and some have even claimed to have seen the ghostly figure of the slave.

Another ghostly legend associated with the Old Slave House is the story of the "Whispering Gallery." This is a narrow passageway on the third floor of the house that is said to be haunted by the voices of slaves who were kept there. Visitors have reported hearing whispers and murmurs as they walk through the passageway, even when no one else is around.

So, why is the Old Slave House haunted? There are many theories and explanations, but it is likely that the house's dark history and the trauma inflicted upon the slaves who were kept there have left a lasting spiritual imprint on the building. Some believe that the ghosts of the slaves who were bought and sold at the house are trapped there, unable to rest until their suffering is acknowledged and recognized.

Despite its haunted reputation, the Old Slave House is an important historical site that serves as a reminder of the brutal legacy of slavery in the United States. While the stories of ghostly encounters may be intriguing, it is important to remember the human cost of the atrocities committed at places like the Old Slave House. Visiting the house can be a powerful and moving experience, but it is important to approach it with respect and reverence for the lives that were lost and the pain that was inflicted there.

Early history
John Hart Crenshaw and his wife, Francine. Crenshaw carried a crutch because of his maimed leg.

Landowner and illegal slave trader John Hart Crenshaw leased the state-owned salt works[5] located at the Illinois Salines, two saline springs along the Saline River near Equality that were important sources of salt since prehistory.[5] Salt was vital to the early American frontier economy, both as a nutrient and as a means to preserve food. Illinois was a free state, and the Illinois State Constitution bans slavery. However, the law permitted the use of slaves at the salt works since the labor was so arduous that no free men could be found to do it. As the lessee of the salt works, Crenshaw was one of a small minority of Illinois residents legally entitled to keep slaves, and Crenshaw became remarkably wealthy. At one point, Crenshaw's taxes amounted to one-seventh of the revenue of the entire state. Crenshaw owned thousands of acres of land, in addition to the 30,000 acres (120 km2) he leased from the state, and more than 700 slaves.[6] In 1838, Crenshaw and his brother Abraham used this wealth to build the mansion on Hickory Hill, a few miles from the salt works near the town of Junction.

Abraham Lincoln's visit

In September 1840, Abraham Lincoln, a state representative, was in Gallatin County for over a week attending debates in Shawneetown and Equality.[7] The Crenshaws hosted a ball in honor of the debates. The ball was held on the second floor. The second floor of the house was designed to be easily converted into a ballroom because the hall and two of the rooms were made from moveable partitions particularly for such events.[7] Mr. Lincoln along with other male guests spent the night in the Southeast bedroom of the Crenshaw House. The furniture in the room consisted of one bed and two chairs. Mr. Lincoln either slept on the bed, which was shorter than he was, or he could have spread out over the two chairs, or possibly slept on the floor.[7]

In 1850, Crenshaw and his family moved to the nearby town of Equality, and hired a German family to live in the house and operate the farm. Crenshaw sold the house in 1864. Crenshaw died in 1871 and was buried in the Hickory Hill Cemetery. By 1913, the house was owned by the Sisk family.

Kidnapping and the Reverse Underground Railroad

The Crenshaw House was a "station" on the Reverse Underground Railroad that transported escaped slaves and kidnapped free blacks back to servitude in slave states. The home's third floor attic contains 12 rooms long believed to be where Crenshaw operated a secret slave jail for kidnapped free black and captured runaway slaves. A grand jury indicted Crenshaw for kidnapping, once in the mid-1820s (the outcome unknown) and again in 1842 when a trial jury acquitted him. The case's victims, Maria Adams and her seven or eight children, ended up as slaves in Texas. In 1828, Crenshaw took Frank Granger and 15 others downriver to Tipton Co., Tennessee, and sold them as slaves. Crenshaw also kidnapped Lucinda and her children in 1828. She ended up in Barren Co., Kentucky. Contemporary letters identifying Crenshaw's role back both cases. Crenshaw also kidnapped Peter White and three others in the 1840s. They were sold into slavery in Arkansas, but later rescued. Stories of strange noises upstairs coming from victims, date to 1851. Despite accounts that the rooms were slave quarters, Crenshaw family stories indicate a distinction between the plantation's household servants and field hands, and the victims of Crenshaw's criminal activities.[3][4][8][9]

In 2004, the National Park Service named the Crenshaw Mansion, referred to as "The Old Slave House", as part of the Underground Railroad National Network to Freedom program to acknowledge its importance in the reverse underground railroad and the role John Crenshaw played in condemning free blacks to slavery.[3][4]

The terrible fates of both the kidnapped free blacks and the slaves forced to labor in the salt works are the foundation for persistent tales that the mansion is haunted.[4][8][9]

Historic site

In 1913, the house was purchased by the Sisk family, who began charging for public tours offering "a thrilling experience".[10]

In 1996 George Sisk, Jr. retired and closed the museum.[10] In December 2000 the Sisk family sold the house to the state of Illinois. The state paid $500,000 for the house and 10 acres.[10] It is currently closed to the public as the state determines its ultimate fate.[6] Re-opening the house to the public would require renovations, repairs, a new road and parking lot, and a separate structure with a bathroom, all estimated to cost at least $7 million.[10]

Notes
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. "McLeansboro.com "A piece of history fading out - by Spencer Cramer"". Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2009-11-30.
  3. "The Old Slave House." National Park Service Network to Freedom Database. National Park Service. Accessed online May 23, 2010. "Explore the Network: NTF Candidate Application". Archived from the original on 2011-06-07. Retrieved 2010-05-23.
  4. Musgrave, Jon. 2005. Slaves, Salt, Sex & Mr. Crenshaw: The Real Story of the Old Slave House and America's Reverse Underground R.R. Published by Illinoishistory.com. 608 pages.
  5. http://www.illinoishistory.org/Markers/old_markers/240.htm%5B%5D
  6. "McLeansboro.com "A piece of history fading out - by Spencer Cramer"". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
  7. "Old Slave House".
  8. Taylor, Troy. 2008. Haunted Illinois: Ghosts and Strange Phenomena from the Prairie State. Published by Stackpole Books.
  9. Taylor, Troy. "Hickory Hill." www.prairieghosts.com, accessed May 23, 2010. Archived 2007-01-12 at the Wayback Machine
  10. Parker, Molly (22 February 2016). "Future of Crenshaw House, or Old Slave House, in question". Retrieved 29 February 2016.

References

This article includes public domain text from the National Park Service website

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