Order of Christ (Kongo)

Order of Christ
*Ordem de Cristo*
Order of Christ; Ordem de Cristo ;
Type	Dynastic Order
Established	1607 (National Order); 1914–present (House Order)
Status	Discontinued as a national order in 1914. Since 1914 order is part of the dynastic house.
Grades	Grand Cross; Commander; Knight; Companion;
	; ;

The Order of Christ, is an order of chivalry continued by King Álvaro I of Kongo in 1607 after the Portuguese brought the Order of Christ to the Kingdom of Kongo.[1][2] Álvaro I formed and granted knighthoods for the Order of Christ, with the Vatican ruling that Álvaro I and his successors held the fons honorum for the Order of Christ, thus being able to grant the order.[3][4][5]

The Soba (Chief) is a member of the order in 1965 wearing the mantle of the Order of Christ (Kongo).

The Soba (Chief) in 1914 wearing the mantle of the Order of Christ (Kongo) in a group photo.

Historically, those who were awarded a knighthood in the Order of Christ wore mantles with an embroidered cross.[6] The Order of Christ became a central part of the military life of the Kingdom of Kongo, including many members of the aristocracy.[3][7] A number of local rulers underwent investiture into the Order of Christ. The Order of Christ continues to be granted by pretenders to the throne of the Kingdom of Kongo.[8]

References

Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Gates, Henry Louis Gates (2 February 2012). Dictionary of African Biography. Oxford University Press. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5.
Bostoen, Koen; Brinkman, Inge (15 November 2018). The Kongo Kingdom: The Origins, Dynamics and Cosmopolitan Culture of an African Polity. Cambridge University Press. p. 237-238. ISBN 978-1-108-47418-4.
Heywood, Linda M.; Thornton, John K. (10 September 2007). Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-77065-1.
Ilo, Stan Chu (13 July 2022). Handbook of African Catholicism. Orbis Books. ISBN 978-1-60833-936-5.
R.A.U. Juchter van Bergen Quast, "The common origin of the five Orders of Christ", Nobiliary law – Adelsrecht – Droit nobiliaire 2 June 2021, accessed 4 March 2023
Dewulf, Jeroen (20 December 2016). The Pinkster King and the King of Kongo: The Forgotten History of America's Dutch-Owned Slaves. Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-4968-0882-0. In the Kingdom of Kongo, the use of shirts with an embroidered cross was a prerogative of those who had been granted knighthood in the Order of Christ.
Newitt, Malyn (28 June 2010). The Portuguese in West Africa, 1415–1670: A Documentary History. Cambridge University Press. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-139-49129-7.
Miller, Joseph C.; Havik, Philip J.; Birmingham, David (15 November 2011). A Scholar for All Seasons: Jill Dias: Portuguese Studies Review, Vol. 19, Nos. 1 and 2 (Special Volume in Memory of Jill Dias, 1944-2008) (ISSN 1057-1515). Baywolf Press. p. 122.

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[Gates2012-1] Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Gates, Henry Louis Gates (2 February 2012). Dictionary of African Biography. Oxford University Press. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5.

[BostoenBrinkman2018-2] Bostoen, Koen; Brinkman, Inge (15 November 2018). The Kongo Kingdom: The Origins, Dynamics and Cosmopolitan Culture of an African Polity. Cambridge University Press. p. 237-238. ISBN 978-1-108-47418-4.

[HeywoodThornton2007-3] Heywood, Linda M.; Thornton, John K. (10 September 2007). Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-77065-1.

[4] Ilo, Stan Chu (13 July 2022). Handbook of African Catholicism. Orbis Books. ISBN 978-1-60833-936-5.

[freiherrvonquast-5] R.A.U. Juchter van Bergen Quast, "The common origin of the five Orders of Christ", Nobiliary law – Adelsrecht – Droit nobiliaire 2 June 2021, accessed 4 March 2023

[Dewulf2016-6] Dewulf, Jeroen (20 December 2016). The Pinkster King and the King of Kongo: The Forgotten History of America's Dutch-Owned Slaves. Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-4968-0882-0. In the Kingdom of Kongo, the use of shirts with an embroidered cross was a prerogative of those who had been granted knighthood in the Order of Christ.

[Newitt2010-7] Newitt, Malyn (28 June 2010). The Portuguese in West Africa, 1415–1670: A Documentary History. Cambridge University Press. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-139-49129-7.

[MillerHavik2011-8] Miller, Joseph C.; Havik, Philip J.; Birmingham, David (15 November 2011). A Scholar for All Seasons: Jill Dias: Portuguese Studies Review, Vol. 19, Nos. 1 and 2 (Special Volume in Memory of Jill Dias, 1944-2008) (ISSN 1057-1515). Baywolf Press. p. 122.