Oxalobacter aliiformigenes

Oxalobacter aliiformigenes is a Gram negative, non-spore-forming, oxalate-degrading anaerobic bacterium that was first isolated from human fecal samples.[1] O. aliiformigenes is believed to have roles in calcium oxalate kidney stone disease because of its unique ability to utilize oxalate as its primary carbon source.[2]

Oxalobacter aliiformigenes
Scientific classification edit
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Betaproteobacteria
Order: Burkholderiales
Family: Oxalobacteraceae
Genus: Oxalobacter
Species:
O. aliiformigenes
Binomial name
Oxalobacter aliiformigenes
Chmiel et al, 2022
Type strain
Oxalobacter aliiformigenes Va3T

Taxonomy

Oxalobacter aliiformigenes was originally thought to be a subgroup of Oxalobacter formigenes based on fatty acid profile, 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, and DNA probes specific to the oxc (oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase) gene and frc (formyl-CoA transferase).[1][3][4][5]. However, full genomes were sequenced and based on average nucleotide identity calculation, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, and phylogenetic tree analyses, O. aliiformigenes was determined to be a distinct species.[6]

Antibiotic resistance and susceptibility

Oxalobacter aliiformigenes demonstrates in vitro resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cephalexin, streptomycin, and vancomycin; and in vitro sensitivity to clarithromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, gentamicin, and tetracycline.[7][8]

Genome

The genome of O. formigenes has been sequenced by multiple researchers and is revealed to be 2.2 – 2.4 Mb with a G+C content of 50.9 - 51.5%.[6]

References
  1. Allison MJ, Dawson KA, Mayberry WR, Foss JG (February 1985). "Oxalobacter formigenes gen. nov., sp. nov.: oxalate-degrading anaerobes that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract". Archives of Microbiology. 141 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1007/BF00446731. PMID 3994481. S2CID 10709172.
  2. Duncan, Sylvia H.; Richardson, Anthony J.; Kaul, Poonam; Holmes, Ross P.; Allison, Milton J.; Stewart, Colin S. (2002). "Oxalobacter formigenes and Its Potential Role in Human Health". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 68 (8): 3841–3847. doi:10.1128/AEM.68.8.3841-3847.2002. ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 124017. PMID 12147479.
  3. Jensen, N.S.; Allison, M.J. (1994). "Studies on the diversity among anaerobic oxalate-degrading bacteria now in the species Oxalobacter formigenes, abstr. I-12". Abstracts of the 94th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 1994. Washington, D.C., USA: American Society for Microbiology. p. 255.
  4. Sidhu, H; Allison, M; Peck, A B (1997). "Identification and classification of Oxalobacter formigenes strains by using oligonucleotide probes and primers". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 35 (2): 350–353. doi:10.1128/jcm.35.2.350-353.1997. ISSN 0095-1137. PMC 229578. PMID 9003594.
  5. Garrity, George M.; Bell, Julia A.; Lilburn, Timothy (2005), Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T. (eds.), "Class II. Betaproteobacteria class. nov.", Bergey’s Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 575–922, doi:10.1007/978-0-387-29298-4_2, ISBN 978-0-387-24145-6, retrieved 2022-11-10
  6. Chmiel, John A.; Carr, Charles; Stuivenberg, Gerrit A.; Venema, Robertson; Chanyi, Ryan M.; Al, Kait F.; Giguere, Daniel; Say, Henry; Akouris, Polycronis P.; Domínguez Romero, Sergio Ari; Kwong, Aaron; Tai, Vera; Koval, Susan F.; Razvi, Hassan; Bjazevic, Jennifer (2022-12-21). "New perspectives on an old grouping: The genomic and phenotypic variability of Oxalobacter formigenes and the implications for calcium oxalate stone prevention". Frontiers in Microbiology. 13: 1011102. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1011102. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 9812493. PMID 36620050.
  7. Duncan SH, Richardson AJ, Kaul P, Holmes RP, Allison MJ, Stewart CS (August 2002). "Oxalobacter formigenes and its potential role in human health". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 68 (8): 3841–3847. Bibcode:2002ApEnM..68.3841D. doi:10.1128/AEM.68.8.3841-3847.2002. PMC 124017. PMID 12147479.
  8. Lange JN, Wood KD, Wong H, Otto R, Mufarrij PW, Knight J, et al. (June 2012). "Sensitivity of human strains of Oxalobacter formigenes to commonly prescribed antibiotics". Urology. 79 (6): 1286–1289. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2011.11.017. PMC 3569510. PMID 22656407.
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