Pan-Slavic colors

The pan-Slavic colors— red, blue and white—were defined by the Prague Slavic Congress, 1848, based on the flag of Russia, which was introduced in the late 17th century. The tricolor flag of Russia was itself inspired by the flag of the Netherlands.[1] Historically, many Slavic nations and states adopted flags and other national symbols that used some combination of those three colors. Slavic countries that use or have used the colors include: Russia, Yugoslavia,[2] Czechoslovakia,[3] Czech Republic,[3] Montenegro, Slovakia,[4] Croatia,[4] Serbia[4] and Slovenia.[4] On the other hand, Belarus, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Poland[lower-alpha 1] and Ukraine have never adopted all the colors.

The pan-Slavic flag approved at the Prague Slavic Congress, 1848. It also used to be the Yugoslav flag from 1918 until 1945.
Illustration of the wedding procession of Sigismund III Vasa in Krakow from the Stockholm Scroll (circa 1605).

Yugoslavia, both the Kingdom (Kingdom of Yugoslavia, 1918–1943) and the Republic (SFR Yugoslavia, 1943–1992) was a union of several Slavic nations, and therefore not only sported the pan-Slavic colors but adopted the pan-Slavic flag as its own (later adding a red star). The later Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003); a federation of Serbia and Montenegro, and its successor state, the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006) also used the pan-Slavic flag until the final dissolution of Yugoslavia in 2006. Serbia continues to use a flag with all three Pan-Slavic colors, along with Russia, Croatia, Slovakia and Slovenia.

Most flags with pan-Slavic colors have been introduced and recognized by Slavic nations following the first Slavic Congress of 1848. Ethnic flag of Sorbs (blue-red-white) had already been designed in 1842. Czech Moravians proclaimed their flag (white-red-blue) at the very congress. The flag of Croatia with its modern tricolor (red-white-blue) was first designed by Croatian viceroy Josip Jelačić for the then-concepted Triune Kingdom (officially adopted by the Kingdom of Croatia) in 1848. The flag of Slovenia (white-blue-red) was created in 1848 by a group of Slovenian intellectuals in Vienna, Austria. The first Slovak flag (in reverse layout – red-blue-white) was also introduced in 1848 and flown by Slovak revolutionaries.[5] The flag of Czech Republic adopted its three national colors in 1920 with the founding of Czechoslovakia.

Examples of flags with Pan-Slavic colors



See also

Notes
  1. The flag of Poland is red and white, but has different roots that pre-date the pan-Slavic colors.
  2. Although the majority of the population of Transnistria is Slavic (Russian and Ukrainian), the largest single ethnic group are the Romanians.[12]

References
  1. Gabriella Elgenius (2007). Thomas Hylland Eriksen (ed.). Flag, Nation and Symbolism in Europe and America. Richard Jenkins. Routledge. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-134-06696-4. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  2. The Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 11. Americana Corporation. 1972. p. 357. ISBN 9780717201044.
  3. Flag Wars and Stone Saints: How the Bohemian Lands Became Czech. Harvard University Press. 2007. p. 135. ISBN 978-0674025820.
  4. Shelley, Fred M. (2013). Nation Shapes: The Story behind the World's Borders. ABC-CLIO. pp. xvi. ISBN 9781610691062.
  5. Вилинбахов, Георгий Вадимович (2003). "Государственная геральдика в России: Теория и практика" (in Russian). Retrieved 2 June 2021. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. Crampton, William G (1997). Flags. Dorling Kindersley Publishing, DK Publishing. ISBN 0789442248.
  7. Kamath, Anjali. Flag Book. Popular Prakashan. p. 27. ISBN 9788179915127.
  8. Bulletin on Constitutional Case-law. Secretariat of the Venice Commission. 2007. p. 395.
  9. Obok Orła znak Pogoni, poszli nasi w bój bez broni...
  10. Polska Biało Granatoewo Czerwoni
  11. "Transnistria frozen conflict zone recognizes Russian tricolor as second "national" flag". Euromaidan Press. 13 April 2017.
  12. Statie, Mihai-Cristian (2013). "Transnistria: the "hot" nature of a "frozen" conflict". Kansas: School of Advanced Military Studies: 35. S2CID 151006048. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  13. Znamierowski, Alfred (2003). Illustrated Book of Flags. Southwater. p. 237.
  14. "Academy of Rusyn Culture in the Slovak Republic: Rusyn Symbols".
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