Slavic honorifics

Look up Appendix:Polish pronouns in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Pan is used to varying degrees in a number of Slavic languages – the West Slavic languages Polish, Czech, Slovak, East Slavic languages Ukrainian and Belarusian, and the Balto-Slavic language Lithuanian (Ponas). Historically, Pan was equivalent to "Lord" or "Master" (ruler, suzerain).

Pan and its variations is most common in Poland. The male form is Pan, the feminine form is Pani.[1] Panna is sometimes used to refer to young women (comparable to Fräulein in German and Mademoiselle in French) but is becoming less common. It is often considered sexist.[2] The collective is Państwo for a group of men and women, Panowie for a group of men, and Panie for a group of women.[1] The use of Pan and its variations differs significantly from English honorifics. It is used as an honorific (roughly equivalent to Mr) before the name (first name and surname, only surname, or only first name) and as a form of address without the name (roughly equivalent to "Sir").

Use of Pan with the first name in Poland marks a combination of familiarity and respect. Unlike "Sir", Pan is used both ways between persons of both equal and unequal rank (a waiter will address a guest as Pan, and the customer reciprocates, much like using Monsieur in French). Using Pan with only the first name is regarded as a disrespectful way of addressing people, even somewhat condescending, when it is used to a superior. Using Pan with only the surname, however, is normally respectful if talking about somebody. Many people in Poland find it impolite to address somebody using Pan with the surname. Pan is never used about oneself (unlike "Mr").

"Pan" is also used as a kind of personal pronoun in a similar way as Usted in Spanish or Lei in Italian (unlike French 'Monsieur' or German 'Herr', which require the use of 'vous' and 'Sie' respectively).

Spadar appears in Belarusian. It is a simplified version of Haspadar, which is related to Gospodin or the Slovene Gospodar. Gaspadorius and gaspadinė for a woman appears in Lithuanian language. It is an archaic word and it is not used today in the general language, however it is not extinct and sometimes used in a countryside. It originated from Proto-Slavic, ultimately from *gospodь, compare Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian and Ukrainian господар (hospodar), which means householder, master of the house or head of a household.

Vladyka (literally, ruler/master), is used when referring to a bishop or patriarch in Eastern Orthodox churches.

Sudar, appearing without a personal name, was formerly used in Russian. It may be connected to the Russian title of a head of state, Gosudar. Its Ukrainian counterpart was (Pane) Dobrodiyu or (Pani) Dobrodiyko (pl. Dobrodiyi). Those titles became obsolete and are now found only in novels. Appeal of Shanovni Dobrodiyi ("Dear Goodwill") is still used solemnly to many people.

In Ukrainian, Panych was once used to refer to noble youngsters. It is spelled Panicz in Polish.

• Mr.
• Lord
• Hospodar
• Polish name
• East Slavic honorifics