Parrot's sign

Parrot's sign,[1] also known as Parrot's nodes[2][3] or Parrot's bosses,[4][5] is an old-fashioned term,[4] referring to the bony prominence noted by Marie Jules Parrot and Jonathan Hutchinson on the skulls of children with congenital syphilis in the 19th century.[6][7]

References
  1. Harper, Kristin N.; Zuckerman, Molly K.; Harper, Megan L.; Kingston, John D.; Armelagos, George J. (2011). "The origin and antiquity of syphilis revisited: An Appraisal of Old World pre-Columbian evidence for treponemal infection". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 146 (S53): 99–133. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21613.
  2. Stedman, Thomas Lathrop (2005). Stedman's Medical Eponyms. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 544. ISBN 0-7817-5443-7.
  3. Bhat M, Sriram (2019). "33. Miscellaneous". SRB's Manual of Surgery (6th ed.). Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. p. 1174. ISBN 978-93-5270-907-6.
  4. Thomson, Alexis; Miles, Alexander. Manual of Surgery Volume One. Libronomia Company. p. 207, 536. ISBN 978-1-4499-9483-9.
  5. Fiumara, Nicholas J.; Appel, Bernard; Hill, William; Mescon, Herbert (21 June 1956). "Syphilis and Its Management: A Present-Day Problem". New England Journal of Medicine. 254 (25): 1173–1178. doi:10.1056/NEJM195606212542506. ISSN 0028-4793.
  6. Power, Sir D'Arcy (1895). "VII. Tumours of syphilitic disease of bone". The Surgical Diseases of Children: And Their Treatment by Modern Methods. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston. p. 155.
  7. Cole, Garrard; Waldron, Tony; Shelmerdine, Susan; Hutchinson, Ciaran; McHugh, Kieran; Calder, Alistair; Arthurs, Owen (October 2020). "The skeletal effects of congenital syphilis: the case of Parrot's bones". Medical History. 64 (4): 467–477. doi:10.1017/mdh.2020.41. PMID 3789442.

Further reading
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