List of political parties in Brazil

Brazil has a multi-party system since 1979, when the country's military dictatorship disbanded an enforced two-party system and allowed the creation of multiple parties.[1]

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Above the broad range of political parties in Brazilian Congress, the Workers' Party (PT), the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), Liberal Party (PL), the Progressives (PP) and the Brazil Union (UNIÃO) together control the absolute majority of seats in the Senate and Chamber of Deputies.[2] Smaller parties often make alliances with at least one of these five major parties.[3] The number of political parties reached 35 on its apex on 2018.[4][5][6] However, an Electoral threshold system introduced on 2017 has resulted in the culling and merger of many parties, as the threshold cuts access to party subsidies and the free party political broadcasts.[4][7]

Brazilian parties have access to party subsidies in form of the Fundo Partidário (lit. 'Party Fund') and the Fundo Eleitoral (lit. 'Electoral Fund') for elections.[8] And a system of free party political broadcasts during election time known as the horário eleitoral gratuito.[9]

Since 1982 Brazilian political parties have been given an electoral number to make it easier for illiterate people to vote. Initially, it was a one-digit number: 1 for PDS, 2 for PDT, 3 for PT, 4 for PTB, and 5 for PMDB. When it became clear that there was going to be more than nine parties, two-digit numbers were assigned, with the first five parties having a "1" added to their former one-digit number (PDS becoming number 11, PDT 12, PT 13, PTB 14, and PMDB 15). They also have official abbreviations. Political parties often change their names but can retain their number.

Current parties
Party Abbr. № Founded Deputies Senators Membership
(May 2022)		 Position
Brazilian Democratic Movement
Movimento Democrático Brasileiro		MDB15 1965
42 / 513
10 / 81
 2,131,547 Centre[10][11] to
centre-right[12][13]
Workers' Party
Partido dos Trabalhadores		PT13 1980
68 / 513
8 / 81
 1,631,643 Centre-left[14][15]
to left-wing[16][17]
Brazilian Social Democracy Party
Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira		PSDB45 1988
14 / 513
3 / 81
 1,352,906 Centre[18][19] to
centre-right[20][21]
Progressives
Progressistas		PP11 1995
49 / 513
6 / 81
 1,327,141 Far-right[22]
Democratic Labour Party
Partido Democrático Trabalhista		PDT12 1979
18 / 513
3 / 81
 1,152,760 Centre-left[23]
to left-wing
Brazil Union
União Brasil		União44 2022
59 / 513
9 / 81
 1,083,183 Right-wing
Brazilian Labour Party
Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro		PTB14 1981
0 / 513
0 / 81
 1,079,471 Far-right
Liberal Party
Partido Liberal		PL22 2006
99 / 513
12 / 81
 770,662 Right-wing[28]
to far-right[32]
Brazilian Socialist Party
Partido Socialista Brasileiro		PSB40 1985
14 / 513
4 / 81
 637,495 Centre-left[23]
Republicans
Republicanos		10 2005
42 / 513
4 / 81
 498,049 Far-right
Citizenship
Cidadania		23 1992
4 / 513
0 / 81
 453,266 Centre[33]
Social Christian Party
Partido Social Cristão		PSC20 1985
4 / 513
0 / 81
 414,232 Far-right
We Can
Podemos		Pode19 1995
12 / 513
4 / 81
 410,014 Centre-right
Communist Party of Brazil
Partido Comunista do Brasil		PCdoB65 1962
7 / 513
0 / 81
 409,064 Far-left[34][35]
Social Democratic Party
Partido Social Democrático		PSD55 2011
42 / 513
16 / 81
 407,300 Centre-right[36] to
right-wing[37]
Green Party
Partido Verde		PV43 1986
6 / 513
0 / 81
 361,353 Centre to
centre-left
Patriot
Patriota		51 2011
4 / 513
0 / 81
 331,527 Far-right[38]
Solidarity
Solidariedade		77 2013
4 / 513
0 / 81
 257,764 Centre[39] to
centre-left[40]
Socialism and Liberty Party
Partido Socialismo e Liberdade		PSOL50 2004
13 / 513
0 / 81
 222,951 Left-wing[41]
to far-left[42]
Forward
Avante		70 1989
7 / 513
0 / 81
 220,908 Centre[23]
Party of National Mobilization
Partido da Mobilização Nacional		PMN33 1984
0 / 513
0 / 81
 211,182 Centre-left
to left-wing
Act
Agir		36 1985
0 / 513
0 / 81
 195,955 Centre to
centre-right
Christian Democracy
Democracia Cristã		DC27 1995
0 / 513
0 / 81
 177,639 Centre-right
to right-wing
Brazilian Renewal Labour Party
Partido Renovador Trabalhista Brasileiro		PRTB28 1994
0 / 513
0 / 81
 147,244 Far-right[43]
Brazilian Woman's Party
Partido da Mulher Brasileira		PMB35 2015
0 / 513
0 / 81
 48,638 Far-right
Sustainability Network
Rede Sustentabilidade		Rede18 2013
1 / 513
1 / 81
 36,490 Centre to
centre-left[44][45]
New Party
Partido Novo		Novo30 2011
3 / 513
1 / 81
 30,973 Centre-right[23]
to right-wing
United Socialist Workers' Party
Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado		PSTU16 1972
0 / 513
0 / 81
 15,591 Far-left[42]
Brazilian Communist Party
Partido Comunista Brasileiro		PCB21 1922
0 / 513
0 / 81
 12,768 Far-left[42]
Workers' Cause Party
Partido da Causa Operária		PCO29 1995
0 / 513
0 / 81
 4,992 Far-left[42]
Popular Unity
Unidade Popular		UP80 2016
0 / 513
0 / 81
 3,224 Far-left[46]

Non-registered parties


Waiting for registration in the Superior Electoral Court:

Name Abbrev. Founded Position
Libertarian Party
Partido Libertários		 LIBER 20 June 2009 Right-wing
More Brazil
Mais Brasil		 — 26 October 2022 Right-wing to far-right
Pirate Party
Partido Pirata do Brasil		 PIRATAS 28 July 2012 Syncretic
ROoT - Cidadanist Movement
RAiZ - Movimento Cidadanista		 — 22 January 2016 Left-wing

Former and historical parties

Merged parties of New Republic (since 1979)


Name (Portuguese) Name (English) Abbrev. TSE number Ideology Merged to Year
Partido Social Democrático Social Democratic Party PSD 41 Centrism
Social democracy		 Brazilian Labour Party 2002
Partido Geral dos Trabalhadores General Party of the Workers PGT 30 Liberal Party 2002
Partido Social Trabalhista Social Labour Party PST 18 Liberal Party 2002
Partido dos Aposentados da Nação Party of the Nation's Retirees PAN 26 Brazilian Labour Party 2006
Partido Liberal Liberal Party PL 22 Brazilian liberalism Liberal Party 2006
Partido da Reedificação da Ordem Nacional Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order PRONA 56 Nationalism
Right-wing populism		 Liberal Party 2006
Partido Republicano Progressista Progressive Republican Party PRP 44 Conservatism Patriot 2018
Partido Pátria Livre Free Fatherland Party PPL 54 Left-wing nationalism Communist Party of Brazil 2018
Partido Humanista da Solidariedade Humanist Party of Solidarity PHS 31 Christian democracy Podemos 2018
Democratas Democrats DEM 25 Liberal conservatism Brazil Union 2021
Partido Social Liberal Social Liberal Party PSL 17 Brazilian nationalism Brazil Union 2021
Aliança pelo Brasil Alliance for Brazil Aliança Brazilian nationalism Liberal Party 2022
Partido Republicano da Ordem Social Republican Party of the Social Order PROS 90 Republicanism Solidarity 2023

Other former parties of New Republic (since 1979)
Name Abbrev. Active Ideology Position
Democratic Social Party
Partido Democrático Social		 PDS 1979–1993 Conservatism Right-wing
Party of National Reconstruction
Partido da Reconstrução Nacional		 PRN 1989–2000
Right-wing
Progressive Reform Party
Partido Progressista Reformador		 PPR 1993–1995
Centre-right
Christian Democratic Party
Partido Democrata Cristão		 PDC 1985–1993
Right-wing

Military dictatorship (1965–1979)
Name Abbrev. Active Ideology Position
National Renewal Alliance
Aliança Renovadora Nacional		 ARENA 1966–1979
Far-right
Brazilian Democratic Movement
Movimento Democrático Brasileiro		 MDB 1966–1979 Centrism Centre to centre-left

Fourth Republic (1945–1965)
Name Abbrev. Active Ideology Position
Liberator Party
Partido Libertador		 PL 1945–1965 Federalism Centre-right
Orienting Labour Party
Partido Orientador Trabalhista		 POT 1945–1951
Centre-right
Popular Representation Party
Partido de Representação Popular		 PRP 1945–1965
Far-right
Brazilian Labour Party
Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro		 PTB 1945–1965
Centre-left to left-wing
Social Democratic Party
Partido Social Democrático		 PSD 1945–1965
Centre to centre-right
National Democratic Union
União Democrática Nacional		 UDN 1945–1965 Conservative liberalism Right-wing
Christian Democratic Party
Partido Democrata Cristão		 PDC 1945–1966
Right-wing
Republican Party
Partido Republicano		 PR 1945–1965 Centrism Centre
Social Progressive Party
Partido Social Progresista		 PSP 1947–1965
Centre-right
Brazilian Socialist Party
Partido Socialista Brasileiro		 PSB 1947–1965
Centre-left to left-wing

Old Republic and Second Republic (1891–1937)
Name Abbrev. Active Ideology Position
Paulista Republican Party
Partido Republicano Paulista		 PRP 1873–1937
Centre-right
Rio-grandense Republican Party
Partido Republicano Rio-grandense		 PRR 1882–1929
Centre
Minas Republican Party
Partido Republicano Mineiro		 PRM 1888–1937
Right-wing
Liberator Party
Partido Libertador		 PL 1928–1937 Federalism Centre-right
Brazilian Black Front
Frente Negra Brasileira		 FNB 1931–1938
Far-right
Brazilian Patrianovist Imperial Action
Ação Imperial Patrianovista Brasileira		 AIPB 1932–1937
Far-right
Brazilian Integralist Action
Ação Integralista Brasileira		 AIB 1933–1938
Far-right

Empire (before 1891)
Name Abbrev. Active Ideology Position
Liberal Party
Partido Liberal		 1831–1889
Centre to centre-right
Conservative Party
Partido Conservador		 1836–1889
Centre-right to right-wing
Progressive League
Liga Progressista		 1864-1868
Centre-left

See also

References
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  2. Freedom House report on Brazil, 2007
  3. "Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados". tse.jus.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  4. "Número de partidos na Câmara deve cair após ápice da fragmentação em 2018". Poder360 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 24 February 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  5. "Brasil tem 75 partidos políticos em processo de formação".
  6. "Brasil vai às urnas em outubro com 35 partidos". Senado Federal (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 October 2022.
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  8. Fundo Partidário (estudo) Archived 2014-11-29 at the Wayback Machine. Por Miriam Campelo de Melo Amorim. Brasília: Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados, outubro de 2005.
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  23. "Maioria dos partidos se posiciona como de Centro. Veja quem sobra no campo da Direita e da Esquerda".
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