Prison island
A prison island is an island housing a prison. Islands have often been used as sites of prisons throughout history due to their natural isolation preventing escape.[1][2]
Prison islands by country
Australia
- Christmas Island, location of Christmas Island Detention Centre which houses people who are seeking asylum in Australia during processing.[3]
Bulgaria
- St. Anastasia Island, used as a prison island for political prisoners between 1925 and 1940
Channel Islands
- Alderney, 1940–1945, four camps built during the German occupation of the Channel Islands: two camps of "voluntter" workers (Lager Borkum, Lager Norderney) and two subcamps of Neuengamme concentration camp (Lager Helgoland, Lager Sylt). European forced labourers were made to build fortifications on the island.
China
- Dongguan Prison occupies most of Xinzhou, an island in the East River
Croatia
- Goli otok, location of the prison and torture camp for political dissidents in SFR Yugoslavia, from 1949 to 1988
France
- Île Royale, 1852-1952, part of the Devil's Island penal colony
- Devil's Island (Kourou), 1852-1952, part of the Devil's Island penal colony
- Saint-Joseph Island, 1852-1952, part of the Devil's Island penal colony
- Île Sainte-Marguerite, 1600s-1900s.
- Île d'Yeu, 1945–1951, used to imprison Philippe Pétain, collaborationist leader of Vichy France.
- Château d'If, 17th century–1890, famous as a setting for The Count of Monte Cristo
- Frioul island
Hong Kong
- Tai A Chau
- Tai A Chau Detention Centre, 1991–96
- Hei Ling Chau
- Hei Ling Chau Addiction Treatment Centre, 1975–present
- Hei Ling Chau Correctional Institution, 1994–present
- Lai Sun Correctional Institution, 1984–present
- Nei Kwu Correctional Institution, 2002–present
Indonesia
- Nusa Kambangan off the southern coast of Java is a notorious prison island, and contains a number of prisons.
Isle of Man
- Hutchinson Internment Camp, 1940–1945, in the southeast of the Isle of Man. Held Austrian and German internees until 1944, when it became a POW camp.
Malaysia
- Jerejak Island, location of the Jerejak Rehabilitation Centre from 1969 to 1993. Called the 'Alcatraz of Malaysia'.
Montenegro
- Grmožur, a fortified islet in Lake Skadar which served as a prison
- Mamula, location of the Fascist Italian concentration camp, from 1942 to 1945
Namibia
- Shark Island concentration camp, 1905–1907, used during the Herero and Namaqua genocide
Russia
- Ognenny Ostrov, location of Vologodskiy Pyatak prison since 1917.
South Africa
- Robben Island, location of Robben Island Prison from 1961 to 1996. The Island was used to incarcerate political prisoners as early as the 17th Century, and later during the Xhosa Wars
Tanzania
- Changuu, known as 'Prison Island'. Held rebellious slaves in 1860s.
United Kingdom/Republic of Ireland
- Inishbofin: the star fort on the island was used as a prison for Catholic priests during the Cromwellian invasion of Ireland
- Spike Island, County Cork, from 1847 to 2004. Part of Treaty Ports.
United States
- Alcatraz Island, location of Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary from 1934 until 1963.
- Rikers Island, location of New York City's main jail complex.
- Deer Island (Massachusetts), location of Deer Island Prison, closed in 1991.
- McNeil Island, location of McNeil Island Corrections Center from 1875 to 2011.
- Diego Garcia, believed to be a CIA black site circa 2005.
- Terminal Island, a low security federal prison.
References
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-04-07. Retrieved 2017-11-10.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - "Ten Infamous Islands of Exile | History | Smithsonian Magazine".
- "Last island prison in U.S. Closes".
- Ankara, By Chris Morris in (1999-02-20). "Turkey makes sure its prison island is deserted for a new Kurdish inmate". the Guardian. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
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