Pro-independence movements in the Russian Civil War

Pro-independence movements in the Russian Civil War within the territory of the former Russian Empire sought the creation of independent and non-Bolshevik nation states after the October Revolution, therefore being in direct conflict with the Russian Soviet Republic which sought to conquer them. They were often supported politically or militarily by the Entente Powers. Some of them co-operated with the Russian White movement, but others were in conflict with it. Many pro-independence movements emerged after the dissolution of the Russian Empire and fought in the Russian Civil War.[1]

The following list presents some of the pro-independence movements and the conflicts they were involved in during this period.

Western periphery

Finland (independence from 1917)
- White Guard
- Kingdom of Finland

Estonia (independence from 1918)
- Estonian Provisional Government

Estonian War of Independence

Latvia (independence from 1918)
- Latvian Provisional Government

Latvian War of Independence

Lithuania (independence from 1918)
- Perloja
- Central Lithuania

Lithuanian Wars of Independence

Polish–Lithuanian War

Poland (independence from 1918)
- Zakopane
- Tarnobrzeg

Polish–Ukrainian War

Polish–Soviet War

Polish–Lithuanian War

Ingrian People's Republic (independence March 1917–December 1918; invaded by the Russian SFSR and then partitioned between Finlands and the Ingrian SSR)
Ukraine (independence 1917–1921; invaded by the Russian SFSR and then partitioned between Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania and the Ukrainian SSR)

Ukrainian War of Independence

Ukrainian–Soviet War

Polish–Ukrainian War

Belarus (independence 1918–1919; invaded by the Russian SFSR and then partitioned between Poland and the Belarusian SSR)
Crimea (independence 1917–1918; invaded by the Russian SFR, later restored for a short while by the Ukrainian army, invaded and annexed by the Russian SFSR in 1921)
- Crimean Regional Government
- Crimean Frontier Government
Moldavian Democratic Republic (united with Romania in 1918)

European Russia

East European Russia
- Bashkiria (autonomy and de facto independence 1917–1919; joined the Russian SFSR)
- Idel-Ural (independence 1917–1918; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
North European Russia
South European Russia
- Kuban Rada (formed into April, 1917. Became the Kuban People's Republic in 1918)
- Kuban People's Republic (independence 1918–1920; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
- Don Republic (independence 1918–1919; annexed by the Russian SFSR)

Eastern periphery

Caucasus

Transcaucasia
Azerbaijan (independence 1918–1920; invaded by the Russian SFSR and transformed into the Azerbaijan SSR)
- Republic of Aras

Armenian–Azerbaijani War

Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan

Armenia (independence 1918–1921; invaded by the Russian SFSR and transformed into the Armenian SSR)
- Mountainous Armenia

Georgian–Armenian War

Armenian–Azerbaijani War

Turkish–Armenian War

Georgia (independence 1918–1921; invaded by the Russian SFSR and transformed into the Georgian SSR)

Georgian–Ossetian conflict

Georgian–Armenian War

Sochi conflict

Red Army invasion of Georgia

Caucasian Emirate
Mughan
Centrocaspian Dictatorship
United Republics (independence 1917–1922; annexed by the Russian SFSR)

Central Asia

Formerly

East European Russia
- Provisional Regional Government of the Urals
- Erzyan People's Republic
Central Asia
- Semirechye Cossacks

References

Bullock, David (2008). The Russian Civil War, 1918–22 (1st ed.). Oxford: Osprey Pub. ISBN 978-1-84603-271-4.

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[1] Bullock, David (2008). The Russian Civil War, 1918–22 (1st ed.). Oxford: Osprey Pub. ISBN 978-1-84603-271-4.