Queen Inheon

Queen Inheon of the Neungseong Gu clan (Hangul: 인헌왕후 구씨, Hanja: 仁獻王后 具氏; 23 May 1578 – 10 February 1626),[1] also known as Lady Gyewoon (계운궁, 啓運宮),[2] was the wife of Grand Internal Prince Jeongwon and the biological mother of King Injo of Joseon.

Queen Inheon
인헌왕후
Queen Consort of Joseon (posthumously honored)
Princess consort of Joseon
Tenure1587 – 1623
Princess consort of Joseon
Tenure1623 – 1626
Born23 May 1578
Chungcheong Province, Kingdom of Joseon
Died10 February 1626 (1626-02-11) (aged 47)
Hoesangjeon Hall, Gyeonghui Palace, Hanseong, Kingdom of Joseon
Burial
Jangneung Tombs, Gimpo, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea
SpouseGrand Internal Prince Jeongwon
Issue
Posthumous name
  • Queen Gyeongui Jeongjeong Inheon
    • 경의정정인헌왕후
    • 敬毅貞靖仁獻王后
ClanNeungseong Gu clan (by birth)
Jeonju Yi clan (by marriage)
DynastyHouse of Yi (by marriage)
FatherGu Sa-maeng, Internal Prince Neungan
MotherInternal Princess Consort Pyeongsan of the Pyeongsan Shin clan
ReligionKorean Buddhism

Biography

Early life

The future Queen Inheon was born on May 23, 1578 as the fifth daughter and second youngest child of Gu Sa-maeng and his second wife, Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan. She had nine siblings: three older brothers, four older sisters and one younger sister. It is said that because of the shared Royal blood the Queen’s parents have, they are the 5th great-grandchildren of King Sejong. Gu Sa-maeng through his 4th great-grandfather, Grand Prince Yeongeung, and Lady Shin through her 4th great-grandfather, Prince Gyeyang; as both princes were half-siblings.

Her paternal great-grandmother was Lady Shin of the Geochang Shin clan (Queen Shin’s niece and Queen Dangyeong's younger cousin), and her great-great-grandmother was Princess Gilan (a granddaughter of King Sejong the Great and Queen Jeongsun's cousin).

Her uncle, Gu Sa-an, married Princess Hyosun (second daughter of King Jungjong and Queen Munjeong) and her great-granduncle, Gu Mun-gyeong, was the husband of Princess Hwishin (only daughter of Yeonsangun and Queen Shin, and another younger cousin of Queen Dangyeong).

Marriage

In 1587, Lady Gu married Yi Bu, Prince Jeongwon, third son of Seonjo of Joseon and Royal Noble Consort In of the Suwon Kim clan, thus becoming a sister-in-law to Princess Jeongmyeong and Grand Prince Yeongchang. She was titled Princess Consort Yeonju (연주군부인, 連珠郡夫人).

In March 1623, when her eldest son, Prince Neungyang, deposed Gwanghaegun and ascended the throne as King Injo, she moved into Gyeonghui Palace. After doing so, she was elevated to Princess Consort Yeonju (연주부부인, 連珠府夫人) but was eventually given Lady Gyewoon (계운궁, 啓運宮) as a separate title.

Death

Princess Consort Yeonju died on January 14, 1626, 4th year of King Injo's reign, at the age of 47 years old.[3] Her tomb is located in Gimpo, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea and is known as Jangneung (장릉).[4]

In 1632, she was elevated to Queen Inheon, after her husband, Grand Internal Prince Jeongwon, was posthumously honoured as King Wonjong of Joseon.

Family
  • Great-great-great-grandfather
    • Gu Chi-hong (구치홍, 具致洪) (1421 – 1507)
  • Great-great-grandfather
    • Gu Su-yeong (구수영, 具壽永) (1456 – 1523)
  • Great-great-grandmother
    • Yi Eok-cheon, Princess Gilan (길안현주 정경부인 이억천, 吉安縣主 貞敬夫人 李億千) (July 1457 – October 1519)[5][6][7]
  • Great-grandfather
    • Gu Hui-gyeong (구희경, 具希璟)
  • Great-grandmother
  • Grandfather
    • Gu Sun (구순, 具淳) (1507 - 1551)
  • Grandmother
  • Father
    • Gu Sa-maeng, Internal Prince Neungan (구사맹 능안부원군) (1531 – 1604)
      • Uncle – Gu Sa-an (구사안) (1523 – 22 April 1562)
      • Aunt – Princess Hyosun (효순공주, 孝順公主) (1522 – 1538)[11]
        • Adoptive cousin – Gu Hong (구홍, 具弘)
  • Mother
    • Stepmother – Internal Princess Consort Seowon of the Cheongju Han clan (서원부부인 청주 한씨)[12]
    • Shin Ji-hyang, Internal Princess Consort Pyeongsan of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (신지향 평산부부인 평산 신씨, 申芝香 平山府夫人 平山 申氏) (1538 – 1662)[13]
      • Grandfather – Shin Hwa-guk (신화국, 申華國)[14][15]
      • Grandmother – Lady Yun of the Papyeong Yun clan (정경부인 파평 윤씨, 貞敬夫人 坡平 尹氏); daughter of Yun Hoe (윤회, 尹懷)
        • Uncle – Shin Jab (신잡, 申磼) (1541 – 1609)
          • Cousin – Shin Gyeong-ji (신경지, 申景祉)
        • Uncle – Shin Geub (신급, 申礏)
        • Uncle – Shin Rib (신립, 申砬) (16 November 1546 – 7 June 1592)
        • Aunt – Lady Yi (이씨)
        • Aunt – Lady Choi of the Jeonju Choi clan (전주 최씨, 全州 崔氏)
          • Cousin – Shin Gyeong-jin (신경진, 申景禛) (1575 - 1643)
          • Cousin – Shin Gyeong-yu (신경유, 申景裕)
          • Cousin – Shin Gyeong-in (신경인, 申景禋)
          • Cousin – Princess Consort Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (군부인 평산 신씨, 郡夫人 平山申氏) (1578 – 1622)[16][17]
          • Cousin – Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨)
        • Uncle – Shin Hal (신할, 申硈)
  • Siblings
    • Older brother – Gu Seong (구성, 具宬) (1558 – 1618)
      • Sister-in-law – Lady Jeong (정씨, 鄭氏)
        • Nephew – Gu In-gi (구인기, 具仁基)
        • Nephew – Gu In-hu, Internal Prince Neungcheon (구인후 능천부원군, 具仁垕 綾川府院君) (1578 - 1658)[18]
          • Niece-in-law - Lady Hwang (황씨, 黃氏); daughter of Hwang Chan (황찬, 黃璨)
            • Grandniece - Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏)
              • Grandnephew-in-law - Han Jin-dal (한진달, 韓振達)
          • Niece-in-law - Lady Lee (이씨, 李氏); daughter of Lee Yeong-hang (이영항, 李永恒)
            • Grandnephew - Gu Mun-je (구문제, 具文濟)
            • Grandnephew - Gu Mun-chi (구문치, 具文治)
          • Niece-in-law - Lady Park Seung-ji (박승지, 朴承旨)
            • Adoptive grandnephew - Gu Oh (구오, 具鏊)
          • Unnamed daughter-in-law
            • Grandnephew - Gu Heum (구흠, 具欽)
            • Grandnephew - Gu Hoeng (구횡, 具鐄) (1538 - ?)[19]
        • Nephew – Gu In-hak (구인학, 具仁壆)
        • Niece – Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏)
          • Nephew-in-law - Yi Ho, Prince Punghae (풍해군 이호)
        • Niece – Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏)
          • Nephew-in-law - Yu Chung-geol (유충걸, 柳忠傑)
        • Niece – Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏)
          • Nephew-in-law - Park Rin (박린, 朴潾)
    • Older brother – Gu Hong (구홍, 具宖)
    • Older sister – Gu Gyeong-wan (구경완, 具敬婉), Lady Gu of the Neungseong Gu clan (1563 - 1620)[20]
      • Brother-in-law – Sim Eom (심엄, 沈㤿) (1563 - 1609); became the adoptive son of Sim Ui-gyeom[21]
        • Nephew - Sim Gwang-se (심광세, 沈光世) (1577 - 1624)
        • Nephew - Sim Jeong-se (심정세, 沈挺世) (1579 - 1613)
          • Niece-in-law - Lady Kim of the Yeonan Kim clan (1581 - 1604); Queen Inmok’s older sister
        • Niece – Lady Sim of the Cheongsong Sim clan (청송 심씨, 靑松 沈氏) (1585 - 1658)
        • Nephew - Sim Myeong-se (심명세, 沈命世) (1587 - 1632)
        • Nephew - Sim Jang-se (심장세, 沈長世) (1594 - 1660)
        • Nephew - Sim Ahn-se (심안세, 沈安世) (1598 - 1616)
        • Nephew - Sim Pil-se (심필세, 沈弼世)
        • Nephew - Sim Hui-se (심희세, 沈凞世) (1601 - 1645); became the adoptive son of Sim Yeol
        • Niece – Lady Sim of the Cheongsong Sim clan (청송 심씨, 靑松 沈氏)
        • Niece – Lady Sim of the Cheongsong Sim clan (청송 심씨, 靑松 沈氏)
        • Niece – Lady Sim of the Cheongsong Sim clan (청송 심씨, 靑松 沈氏)
    • Older brother – Gu Yong (구용, 具容) (1569 – 1601)
      • Nephew – Gu In-jong (구인중, 具仁重)
      • Niece – Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏)
        • Nephew-in-law - Kim Shin (김신, 金愼)
    • Older sister – Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏)
      • Brother-in-law – Hong Hui (홍희, 洪憙)
        • Unnamed nephew
        • Unnamed nephew
        • Unnamed nephew
        • Niece – Lady Hong
    • Older sister – Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏)
      • Brother-in-law – Gwon Yu-nam (권유남, 權裕男)
        • Unnamed nephew
        • Niece – Lady Gwon
    • Older sister – Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏)
      • Brother-in-law – Kim Deok-mang (김덕망, 金德望)
        • Unnamed nephew
        • Unnamed nephew
        • Unnamed nephew
        • Unnamed nephew
        • Unnamed nephew
        • Niece – Lady Kim
        • Niece – Lady Kim
        • Niece – Lady Kim
        • Niece – Lady Kim
        • Niece – Lady Kim
    • Older brother – Gu Gwing (구굉, 具宖) (1577 – 1562)
      • Nephew – Gu In-gi (구인기, 具仁墍) (1597 – 1676)
      • Niece – Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏)
        • Nephew-in-law - Lee Ip-shin (이입신, 李立身)
      • Niece – Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏)
        • Nephew-in-law - Yu Gu (유구, 柳䪷)
    • Younger sister – Lady Gu (구씨, 具氏)
      • Brother-in-law – Yi Bak (이박, 李璞)
  • Husband:
  • Issue(s):
  1. Son – Yi Jong, King Injo (이종 조선 인조) (7 December 1595 - 17 June 1649)
    1. Daughter-in-law – Queen Inryeol of the Cheongju Han clan (인렬왕후 한씨) (16 August 1594 – 16 January 1636)
    2. Daughter-in-law – Queen Jangryeol of the Yangju Jo clan (장렬왕후 조씨) (16 December 1624 – 20 September 1688)
  2. Son – Yi Bo, Grand Prince Neungwon (이보 능원대군, 李俌 綾原大君) (15 May 1598 – 26 January 1656)
    1. Daughter-in-law – Princess Consort Munhwa of the Munhwa Yu clan (문화부부인 문화 유씨) (27 October 1598 – 3 August 1676)[23] [24]
      1. Unnamed grandchildren
    2. Daughter-in-law – Princess Consort Kim of the Yeongam Kim clan (부부인 영암 김씨) (1610 – 25 January 1696)
  3. Son – Yi Jeon, Grand Prince Neungchang (이전 능창대군, 李佺 綾昌大君) (16 July 1599 – 17 November 1615)
    1. Daughter-in-law – Princess Consort Gu of the Neungseong Gu clan (부부인 능성 구씨)
      1. Adoptive grandson – Yi Yo, Grand Prince Inpyeong (인평대군 요) (1622 - 1658); 3rd son of King Injo
      2. Granddaughter – Princess Yi Yeong-eon (이영온, 李英溫)

See also

References
  1. In Lunar calendar, the Queen was born on the 17th April 1578 and died on the 14th January 1626
  2. Lit. translates to "Gyewoon Palace".
  3. "조선왕조실록". sillok.history.go.kr.
  4. "장릉 이야기". royaltombs.cha.go.kr.
  5. A granddaughter of King Sejong thru her father Grand Prince Yeongeung and a maternal cousin of Queen Jeongsun
  6. Her 4th son, Gu Mun-gyeong (구문경, 具文璟), married Princess Hwishin (24 October 1491 - ?) (a daughter of King Yeonsangun and Queen Shin)
  7. Through her 5th son, Gu Shin-gyeong (구신경, 具信璟) and his wife, Lady Lee of the Goseong Lee clan (고성 이씨, 固城 李氏) — her grandson, Gu Han (구한, 具澣) (1524 - 1558) married Princess Sukjeong (1525 - 1564) (a daughter of King Jungjong and Royal Consort Suk-ui Kim)
  8. She is a paternal younger cousin of Queen Dangyeong, and a maternal cousin of Princess Hwishin. Her paternal aunt and uncle is Queen Shin and King Yeonsangun
  9. Daughter of Yi Jing-won, Prince Uishin
  10. She is a granddaughter of Grand Prince Hyoryeong
  11. Jungjong of Joseon and Queen Munjeong's second daughter
  12. Daughter of Han Geuk-gong (한극공, 韓克恭)
  13. The 5th great-granddaughter of King Sejong and Royal Noble Consort Shin of the Cheongju Kim clan
  14. His mother, Lady Yi, is the daughter of Prince Burim (부림군). The Prince was the son of Yi Jeung, Prince Gyeyang (계양군 이증) who was the son of King Sejong
  15. King Sejong —> Prince Gyeyang —> Prince Burim —> Lady Yi —> Shin Hwa-guk —> Shin Ji-hyang
  16. The wife of Yi Hu, Prince Shinseong (신성군 이후; 6 January 1579 - 8 December 1592) (the second son of King Seonjo and Royal Consort In of the Suwon Kim clan). They had 3 children (2 adoptive sons, 1 daughter). One of their adoptive sons was Yi Jeon, Prince Neungchang (능창대군 이전) (the 3rd son of King Wonjong and Queen Inheon)
  17. The Princess consort is also a sister-in-law to Queen Inheon
  18. Became the adoptive son of Gu Hong
  19. Married a daughter of Choi Myeong-gil
  20. It is said that Queen Inheon and her sisters have “Wan” (▨완, ▨婉) as their second syllable, but historians have yet to find the first syllables of their names
  21. He is a nephew of Queen Insun and Sim Ui-gyeom through their brother, Sim In-gyeom (심인겸, 沈仁謙) (1533 - 1580)
  22. Is also posthumously called as Lady Jeogyeong (저경궁, 儲慶宮) or Lady Gyeonghye (경혜, 敬惠)
  23. She is a first cousin of Queen Yu
  24. Yu Hyo-rib's daughter
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