Raghoji I of Nagpur

Raghoji I (Raghoji Bhonsle; Marathi pronunciation: [rɑːgʰoːɟiː bʰoːⁿsəleː]; 1695 – February 1755) or Raghuji the Great of the Bhonsale dynasty, was a Maratha general who took control of the Nagpur Kingdom in east-central India during the reign of Shahu I.[1] His successors ruled the kingdom until 1853.

Raghoji I
Sena Sahib Subah
Raghoji I Bhonsle
Raja of Nagpur
PredecessorPosition established
(Burhan Shah as Gond ruler)
SuccessorJanoji Bhonsle
BornRaghoji Bhonsle
1695
Satara, Maratha Empire
(modern day Maharashtra, India)
Died14 February 1755 (aged 60)
Nagpur, Nagpur State, Maratha Confederacy
(modern day Maharashtra, India)
IssueJanoji Bhonsle
Madhoji Bhonsle
Bimbaji Bhonsle
Sabaji Bhonsle
HouseBhonsle (Nagpur)
ReligionHinduism

Origin

The Bhonsale family were originally headmen from Deor or Deur under the forts Chandan Vandan (presently in Koregaon Taluka, District Satara and was under Deshmukhi rights of Bhoite Clan), a village in Satara District. Raghoji's grandfather and his two brothers had fought in the armies of Shivaji Maharaj, and to the most distinguished of them was entrusted a high military command and the collection of chauth (tribute) in Berar.[2]

Rise to power in Nagpur

After Chand Sultan's death in 1739,[3] there were quarrels over the succession, leading to the throne being usurped by Wali Shah,[4][5][6] an illegitimate son of Bakht Buland Shah.[4][7] Chand Sultan's widow queen Ratan Kunwar invoked the aid of the Maratha leader Raghoji Bhonsle of Berar in the interest of her sons Akbar Shah and Burhan Shah. Wali Shah was put to death and the rightful heirs placed on the throne. Raghoji I Bhonsle was sent back to Berar with a plentiful bounty for his aid. The Maratha general judged that Nagpur must be a plentiful and rich country by the magnificence of his reward.[8]

However, dissensions continued between the brothers and once again, the elder brother Burhan Shah requested the aid of Raghoji Bhonsle. Akbar Shah was driven into exile and finally poisoned at Hyderabad. However this time, Raghoji Bhonsle did not have the heart to leave such a plentiful and rich country, with it being within his grasp.[5][4] He declared himself 'protector' of the Gond king. Thus in 1743, Burhan Shah was practically made a state pensionary, with real power being in the hands of the Maratha ruler. After this event the history of the Gond kingdom of Deogarh is not recorded.[3] A series of Maratha rulers came to power following the fall of the Gonds from the throne of Nagpur, starting with Raghoji Bhonsle.[9][10][2]

Reign
Main entrance of the Nagardhan fort, Nagardhan Fort near Nagpur city, commissioned by Raghoji Bhonsale.

Bold and decisive in action, Raghoji was the archetype of a Maratha leader; he saw in the troubles of other states an opening for his own ambition, and did not even require a pretext for invasion. Twice his armies invaded Bengal, and he obtained the cession of Cuttack. Chanda, Chhattisgarh, and Sambalpur were added to his dominions between 1745 and 1755, the year of his death. He was succeeded by Janoji Bhonsle.[2]

Battle of Damalcherry
See also: Siege of Trichinopoly (1743)

Dost Ali Khan ordered Chanda Sahib to march against the Raja of Tirusivapuram. There upon the raja invited the assistance of the Maratha Empire.

Soon afterwards took place the Battle of Damalcherry in 1740, which was a major confrontation between the Mughal Empire's Nawab of the Carnatic, Dost Ali Khan and his Maratha opponent Raghoji I Bhonsale.[11] The battle was a victory for the Marathas in which Dost Ali Khan, his son and a number of prominent persons of Arcot were killed and resulted in three years of Maratha rule in the Carnatic.[12][13]

Expeditions in Bengal
Main article: Maratha expeditions in Bengal

The Expeditions in Bengal was taken by the Maratha Empire after the successful campaign in Carnatic at the Battle of Trichinopolly. The leader of the expedition was Raghoji of Nagpur. Raghoji was able to annex Orissa and parts of Bengal permanently as he successfully exploited the chaotic conditions prevailing in the region after the death of their Governor Murshid Quli Khan in 1727.[14] Nawab of Bengal ceded territory up to the river Suvarnarekha to the Marathas, and agreeing to pay Rs. 20 lacs as chauth for Bengal (includes both West Bengal and Bangladesh) and 12 lacs for Bihar (including Jharkhand), thus Bengal becoming a tributary to the Marathas.[15]

References
  1. "Forgotten Indian history: The brutal Maratha invasions of Bengal".
  2. Maratha Generals and Personalities: A gist of great personalities of Marathas. Pratik gupta. 1 August 2014.
  3. Kurup, Ayyappan Madhava (1986). Continuity and Change in a Little Community. Concept Publishing Company.
  4. Society (MANCHESTER), Northern Central British India (1840). Proceedings of a Public Meeting for the formation of The Northern Central British India Society held in the Corn Exchange, Manchester, on Wednesday evening, August 26th, 1840. Northern Central British India Society.
  5. Hunter, William Wilson (1881). Naaf to Rangmagiri. Trübner.
  6. Thusu, Kidar Nath (1980). Gond Kingdom of Chanda: With Particular Reference to Its Political Structure. Anthropological Survey of India, Government of India.
  7. Deogaonkar, Shashishekhar Gopal (2007). The Gonds of Vidarbha. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-8069-474-5.
  9. "Nagpur – History – People – Art and Culture – Festivals". Nagpur-hotels.com. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  10. "Gond King". Archived from the original on 31 May 2014.
  11. Jeremy Black (2012). War in the Eighteenth-Century World. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 280. ISBN 9780230370005.
  12. Saswadkar, P. L. (1965). "Prohibition under the Peshwas in the latter half of the eighteenth century". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. JSOR. 27: 326–328. JSTOR 44140671. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  13. "Brief history of Arcot" (PDF). Tamil Nadu Govt. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  14. SNHM. Vol. II, pp. 209, 224.
  15. Fall Of The Mughal Empire- Volume 1 (4Th Edn.), J.N.Sarka
  • Hunter, William Wilson, Sir, et al. (1908). Imperial Gazetteer of India 1908-1931; Clarendon Press, Oxford.
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