Redut (company)

Redut (Russian: ЧВК «Редут»), also known as Redoubt, Redut-Antiterror or Centre R, is a Russian Private Military and Security Company (PMSC), part of the "Antiterror-family" which consists of similarly named PMSCs that protect commercial operations of civilian Russian companies,[6] and is deployed by Russia in the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[7][8][9][10]

Redut
ЧВК «Редут»
FounderKostiantyn Mirzayants (allegedly)[1]
Dates of operation2008–present
HeadquartersKubinka, Russia
Size
Battles and wars
Websitehttp://redut-czentr.narod.ru/

It was established in 2008, as a merger of several smaller groupings by veterans of the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service, the Russian Air Force and units of the Russian Ministry of Defence (MoD), who had already gained experience in military and peacekeeping missions.[11]

Organisation

According to Norwegian researchers from the Forsvarets Forskningsinstitutt - FFI (Norwegian Defence Research Establishment), Redut-Antiterror emerged from the PMSC Antiterror-Orel, founded around 2003 by members of Russian Special Forces.[12] It is an affiliate or branch of the Antiterror-Orel offshoot Tiger Top Rent Security[13] and is recruited predominantly from members of the Russian 45th Guards Special Reconnaissance Brigade. After sustaining heavy losses in the Kyiv Offensive, Redut contractors got invited to their base in Kubinka and offered contracts by the Russian MoD, to serve officially in the Russian Armed Forces. According to one of Redut's former commanders, Redut is under complete control of the Russian MoD.[11][5] It was leaked that representatives of Redut PMC recruit convicts in high-security prisons.[14] In April 2023, the Institute for the Study of War reported that members of the voluntary Gazprom military formation "Potok" were forced to sign contracts with Redut by the Russian MoD.[15][16]

Main backers of the company are said to be Oleg Deripaska and Gennady Timchenko, according to information provided by the website gulagu.net founded by Russian dissident Vladimir Osechkin, which cites a Redut deputy commander testifying under cover names. From them, the PMC received armored personnel carriers, helmets, and protective vests.[17][18]

Deployment areas

Main areas

Former areas

There are indications that the organisation provided military advisors and trainers for Abkhazian units in the Russo-Georgian War. It also saw action in Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, Somalia, Caribbean countries, the former Yugoslavia, as well as Afghanistan and Indonesia.[20][21][22] Its services included the deployment of snipers, pioneers and guards. Personnel have been deployed to protect convoys, military installations, oil production facility personnel and Russian diplomats. In order to establish itself in the Iraq environment, the company received direct support from the FSB (intelligence).[23]

See also

References
  1. "Расследование «Медузы» о наемниках на войне в Украине". Meduza (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 July 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  2. "В Сирии убиты трое наемников из российской ЧВК «Щит». Она занимается охраной объектов, принадлежащих Геннадию Тимченко". Meduza (in Russian). Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  3. "Без «Щита»". Новая газета - Novayagazeta.ru (in Russian). 8 October 2017. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  4. "Vladimir Osechkin about PMC Wagner and PMC Redut". The Odessa Journal. 28 October 2022. Archived from the original on 20 February 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  5. "A mercenaries' war How Russia's invasion of Ukraine led to a 'secret mobilization' that allowed oligarch Evgeny Prigozhin to win back Putin's favor". Meduza. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  6. "РЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ ОБЩЕСТВЕННАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ "ВЕТЕРАНОВ МИРОТВОРЧЕСКИХ МИССИЙ И ЛОКАЛЬНЫХ КОНФЛИКТОВ"". Registry for the Association of Veterans of Peacekeeping and Local Conflict Missions (Zachestnyibiznes). Archived from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  7. "Tracing Wagner's Roots". New America. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  8. "Private Military Company Redut". OpenSanctions. Archived from the original on 27 April 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  9. "Long sentences passed on 'Redut' mercenaries fighting Russia's war against Ukraine with Finnish citizen's funding". Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  10. "The Emergence of Russian Private Military Companies: A New Tool of Clandestine Warfare" (PDF). Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  11. "Russian Use of Private Military and Security Companies-the implications for European and Norwegian Security FFI-RAPPORT". ResearchGate. Archived from the original on 30 October 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  12. "Analysis: Russian PMCs in the Middle East and Africa". bpb.de. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  13. "Отряд "Тигр" - Top Rent security". Tiger Top Rent Security. Archived from the original on 15 September 2019.
  14. "Convicts in arms". Novaya Gazeta Europe. 12 November 2022. Archived from the original on 22 January 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  15. "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 26, 2023". Institute for the Study of War (ISW). 26 April 2023. Archived from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  16. "ISW says competition between Russian PMCs is growing in Bakhmut". Ukrainska Pravda. 27 April 2023. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  17. svizzera, RSINews, l’informazione della Radiotelevisione. "Mercenari russi e quel legame con la Svizzera". rsi (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  18. "Die Spur einer Söldnerbande führt auch in die Schweiz". blue News (in German). Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  19. "Uzbekistan is verifying information about the capture of two of its citizens near Balaklia. They allegedly volunteered for the Russian army". babel.ua. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  20. "From 'Volunteers' to Quasi-PMCs: Retracing the Footprints of Russian Irregulars in the Yugoslav Wars and Post-Soviet Conflicts" (PDF). Jamestown. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  21. "The Role of Private Military Contractors in Russian Foreign Policy". pism.pl. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  22. "Inside the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan and the Seizure of Kabul, December 1979" (PDF). Wilson Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  23. "Putin's Invisible Army". warsawinstitute.org. 30 March 2018. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2022.

Further reading
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